1
|
Li X, Kim J, Yang M, Ok AH, Zbýň Š, Link TM, Majumdar S, Ma CB, Spindler KP, Winalski CS. Cartilage compositional MRI-a narrative review of technical development and clinical applications over the past three decades. Skeletal Radiol 2024; 53:1761-1781. [PMID: 38980364 PMCID: PMC11303573 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-024-04734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Articular cartilage damage and degeneration are among hallmark manifestations of joint injuries and arthritis, classically osteoarthritis. Cartilage compositional MRI (Cart-C MRI), a quantitative technique, which aims to detect early-stage cartilage matrix changes that precede macroscopic alterations, began development in the 1990s. However, despite the significant advancements over the past three decades, Cart-C MRI remains predominantly a research tool, hindered by various technical and clinical hurdles. This paper will review the technical evolution of Cart-C MRI, delve into its clinical applications, and conclude by identifying the existing gaps and challenges that need to be addressed to enable even broader clinical application of Cart-C MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Li
- Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, ND20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Jeehun Kim
- Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, ND20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mingrui Yang
- Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, ND20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ahmet H Ok
- Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, ND20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Štefan Zbýň
- Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, ND20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas M Link
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharmilar Majumdar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Benjamin Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kurt P Spindler
- Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, ND20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Carl S Winalski
- Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, ND20, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Honkanen MKM, Mohammadi A, Te Moller NCR, Ebrahimi M, Xu W, Plomp S, Pouran B, Lehto VP, Brommer H, van Weeren PR, Korhonen RK, Töyräs J, Mäkelä JTA. Dual-contrast micro-CT enables cartilage lesion detection and tissue condition evaluation ex vivo. Equine Vet J 2023; 55:315-324. [PMID: 35353399 PMCID: PMC10084070 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic osteoarthritis is a frequent joint disease in the horse. Currently, equine medicine lacks effective methods to diagnose the severity of chondral defects after an injury. OBJECTIVES To investigate the capability of dual-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (dual-CECT) for detection of chondral lesions and evaluation of the severity of articular cartilage degeneration in the equine carpus ex vivo. STUDY DESIGN Pre-clinical experimental study. METHODS In nine Shetland ponies, blunt and sharp grooves were randomly created (in vivo) in the cartilage of radiocarpal and middle carpal joints. The contralateral joint served as control. The ponies were subjected to an 8-week exercise protocol and euthanised 39 weeks after surgery. CECT scanning (ex vivo) of the joints was performed using a micro-CT scanner 1 hour after an intra-articular injection of a dual-contrast agent. The dual-contrast agent consisted of ioxaglate (negatively charged, q = -1) and bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs, q = 0, diameter ≈ 0.2 µm). CECT results were compared to histological cartilage proteoglycan content maps acquired using digital densitometry. RESULTS BiNPs enabled prolonged visual detection of both groove types as they are too large to diffuse into the cartilage. Furthermore, proportional ioxaglate diffusion inside the tissue allowed differentiation between the lesion and ungrooved articular cartilage (3 mm from the lesion and contralateral joint). The mean ioxaglate partition in the lesion was 19 percentage points higher (P < 0.001) when compared with the contralateral joint. The digital densitometry and the dual-contrast CECT findings showed good subjective visual agreement. MAIN LIMITATIONS Ex vivo study protocol and a low number of investigated joints. CONCLUSIONS The dual-CECT methodology, used in this study for the first time to image whole equine joints, is capable of effective lesion detection and simultaneous evaluation of the condition of the articular cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miitu K M Honkanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nikae C R Te Moller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammadhossein Ebrahimi
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Wujun Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Saskia Plomp
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Behdad Pouran
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Harold Brommer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P René van Weeren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janne T A Mäkelä
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dufour A, Lafont JE, Buffier M, Verset M, Cohendet A, Contamin H, Confais J, Sankar S, Rioult M, Perrier-Groult E, Mallein-Gerin F. Repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects using IEIK13 self-assembling peptide hydrogel in a non-human primate model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4560. [PMID: 33633122 PMCID: PMC7907267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is built by chondrocytes which become less active with age. This declining function of the chondrocytes, together with the avascular nature of the cartilage, impedes the spontaneous healing of chondral injuries. These lesions can progress to more serious degenerative articular conditions as in the case of osteoarthritis. As no efficient cure for cartilage lesions exist yet, cartilage tissue engineering has emerged as a promising method aiming at repairing joint defects and restoring articular function. In the present work, we investigated if a new self-assembling peptide (referred as IEIK13), combined with articular chondrocytes treated with a chondrogenic cocktail (BMP-2, insulin and T3, designated BIT) could be efficient to restore full-thickness cartilage defects induced in the femoral condyles of a non-human primate model, the cynomolgus monkey. First, in vitro molecular studies indicated that IEIK13 was efficient to support production of cartilage by monkey articular chondrocytes treated with BIT. In vivo, cartilage implant integration was monitored non-invasively by contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography, and then by post-mortem histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining of the condyles collected 3 months post-implantation. Our results revealed that the full-thickness cartilage injuries treated with either IEIK13 implants loaded with or devoid of chondrocytes showed similar cartilage-characteristic regeneration. This pilot study demonstrates that IEIK13 can be used as a valuable scaffold to support the in vitro activity of articular chondrocytes and the repair of articular cartilage defects, when implanted alone or with chondrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dufour
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR 5305, University Claude Bernard-Lyon 1 and University of Lyon, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Jérôme E Lafont
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR 5305, University Claude Bernard-Lyon 1 and University of Lyon, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emeline Perrier-Groult
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR 5305, University Claude Bernard-Lyon 1 and University of Lyon, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Frédéric Mallein-Gerin
- Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, CNRS UMR 5305, University Claude Bernard-Lyon 1 and University of Lyon, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qin J, Yao Q, Ge X, Zhu J, Yin Z, Li X, Li C. Comparative study of imaging and histology of sacroiliac joint in normal rats based on IVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:472. [PMID: 32689978 PMCID: PMC7370526 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, few studies have described the relationship between functional MRI findings and histology of normal sacroiliac joint (SIJ). Besides, due to the difficulties in access to SIJ, authentic animal models are important in providing opportunities for quantitative parameter extraction on imaging. Aims This study aimed at exploring the parameters of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (IVIM-DWI) and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) and comparing them with the histology of the SIJ in normal rats with different ages. Methods A total of thirty 7-week-old male Wistar rats were included in the study. The parameters of IVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI in the bone marrow and the joint space of SIJ were measured at 8, 13, 18, 23, 28, and 33 weeks. The histological analysis of the SIJ was examined using light microscopy. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results The D values in the sacral and iliac bone marrow of normal rats decreased with an increase in age. One-way ANOVA analysis indicated a significant difference in D values in different age groups (P<0.005). The normal values of D*, f, Fenh (%), Senh (%/s) in the sacral bone marrow, the iliac bone marrow, and the joint space in SIJ of normal rats were obtained. The results showed that in the six groups of rats of different ages, the histology of the SIJ surface was smooth and clear, the cartilage cells were intact, and no thickening or pannus formation was observed. Conclusions This study obtained the IVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI parameters of the sacral and iliac bone marrow and the synovial area of the joint space in normal rats. The parameters in normal rats can be used in future research to compare to similar parameters in animal models or patients with SIJ diseases. This study serves as a guide for future research in SIJ diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366 Taishan Street, Taian City, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Qianqian Yao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366 Taishan Street, Taian City, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Xubo Ge
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Taian, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366 Taishan Street, Taian City, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoliang Yin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366 Taishan Street, Taian City, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366 Taishan Street, Taian City, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Changqin Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366 Taishan Street, Taian City, 271000, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Michalik R, Pauer T, Brill N, Knobe M, Tingart M, Jahr H, Truhn D, Nebelung S. Quantitative articular cartilage sub-surface defect assessment using optical coherence tomography: An in-vitro study. Ann Anat 2019; 221:125-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
6
|
Gorbachova T, Melenevsky Y, Cohen M, Cerniglia BW. Osteochondral Lesions of the Knee: Differentiating the Most Common Entities at MRI. Radiographics 2018; 38:1478-1495. [PMID: 30118392 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2018180044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several pathologic conditions may manifest as an osteochondral lesion of the knee that consists of a localized abnormality involving subchondral marrow, subchondral bone, and articular cartilage. Although understanding of these conditions has evolved substantially with the use of high-spatial-resolution MRI and histologic correlation, it is impeded by inconsistent terminology and ambiguous abbreviations. Common entities include acute traumatic osteochondral injuries, subchondral insufficiency fracture, so-called spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee, avascular necrosis, osteochondritis dissecans, and localized osteochondral abnormalities in osteoarthritis. Patient demographics, the clinical presentation, and the role of trauma are critical for differential diagnosis. A localized osteochondral defect can be created acutely or can develop as an end result of several chronic conditions. MRI features that aid in diagnosis include the location and extent of bone marrow edema, the presence of a fracture line, a hypointense area immediately subjacent to the subchondral bone plate, and deformity of the subchondral bone plate. These findings are essential in diagnosis of acute traumatic injuries, subchondral insufficiency fracture, and its potentially irreversible form, spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee. If the lesion consists of a subchondral region demarcated from the surrounding bone, the demarcation should be examined for completeness and the presence of a "double-line sign" that is seen in avascular necrosis or findings of instability, which are important for proper evaluation of osteochondritis dissecans. Subchondral bone plate collapse, demonstrated by the presence of a depression or a fluid-filled cleft, can be seen in advanced stages of both avascular necrosis and subchondral insufficiency fracture, indicating irreversibility. Once the diagnosis is established, it is important to report pertinent MRI findings that may guide treatment of each condition. ©RSNA, 2018 An earlier incorrect version of this article appeared online. This article was corrected on August 23, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Gorbachova
- From the Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare Network, 5501 Old York Rd, Philadelphia, PA 19141 (T.G, M.C., B.W.C.) and Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala (Y.M.)
| | - Yulia Melenevsky
- From the Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare Network, 5501 Old York Rd, Philadelphia, PA 19141 (T.G, M.C., B.W.C.) and Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala (Y.M.)
| | - Micah Cohen
- From the Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare Network, 5501 Old York Rd, Philadelphia, PA 19141 (T.G, M.C., B.W.C.) and Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala (Y.M.)
| | - Brett W Cerniglia
- From the Department of Radiology, Einstein Healthcare Network, 5501 Old York Rd, Philadelphia, PA 19141 (T.G, M.C., B.W.C.) and Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala (Y.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Altahawi F, Subhas N. 3D MRI in Musculoskeletal Imaging: Current and Future Applications. CURRENT RADIOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40134-018-0287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
8
|
Evaluation of the Articular Cartilage of the Knee Joint Using an Isotropic Resolution 3D Fast Spin-Echo Sequence With Conventional and Radial Reformatted Images. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.14.14265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Shiguetomi-Medina JM, Rahbek O, Ringgaard S, Kristiansen MS, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Møller-Madsen B. Accuracy of MR in growth plate measurement. Skeletal Radiol 2014; 43:1263-9. [PMID: 24946947 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-014-1911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the accuracy of growth-plate thickness measurements detected on 1.5-T and 7-T MR images using histology sections as a standard of reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four defrosted pig tibiae were 1.5-T MR scanned and one fresh tibia was 7-T MR scanned. The height of the growth plate was measured and compared to histology. RESULTS Histology measurements showed a mean growth plate thickness of 467 μm (SD = 82.2). The mean growth plate thickness measured in the 7-T MR images was 465 μm (SD = 62.2) and 1,325 μm (SD = 183.5) on 1.5-T MR measurements. We found a better correspondence between the growth plate thickness measured on the 7-T MR and histology samples compared to 1.5 T. CONCLUSIONS The growth plate can be identified and measured with high accuracy using 7-T MR. 1.5-T MR can only describe some morphological characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Shiguetomi-Medina
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital NBG, Aarhus University, Noerrebrogade 44 Building 1A, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Water-content calculation in growth plate and cartilage using MR T1-mapping design and validation of a new method in a porcine model. Skeletal Radiol 2013; 42:1413-9. [PMID: 23842573 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-013-1674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a close relation between cartilage health and its hydration state. Current magnetic resonance methods allow visualizing this tissue. However, a quantitative analysis is more useful when studying disease. The purpose of this study was to quantify water content in cartilage using magnetic resonance without contrast agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Water-content estimations using T1 magnetic resonance mapping were done first in eight gelatin samples where the water content was previously known. The same method was used in the physeal areas of eight skeletally immature 30-kg pigs. To calculate accuracy, T1 calculations were compared to dry-freeze, which is considered the gold standard because it can remove the total water content form a tissue. Four fresh cartilage and seven gelatin samples were dry-frozen. Water content obtained from dry-freeze was compared to the one calculated from T1 map values. A mathematical model and statistical analysis were used to calculate the predictive value of the method and its significance. RESULTS T1-map-based magnetic resonance method can calculate water content in cartilage with an accuracy of 97.3 %. We calculated a coefficient of variance for this method against dry-frozen sample of 3.68 (SD = 1.2) in gelatin samples, and 2.73 (SD = 1.3) in in vivo samples. Between two independent observers, the coefficient of variance was 0.053, which suggests it can be easily reproduced. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic resonance was able to calculate, with high accuracy, the cartilage water content using T1 mapping sequences.
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Lusic
- Boston University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215. Fax: 617-358-3186; Tel: 617-353-3871
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Boston University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215. Fax: 617-358-3186; Tel: 617-353-3871
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lakin B, Grasso D, Shah S, Stewart R, Bansal P, Freedman J, Grinstaff M, Snyder B. Cationic agent contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging of cartilage correlates with the compressive modulus and coefficient of friction. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:60-8. [PMID: 23041438 PMCID: PMC3878721 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate whether contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) attenuation, using a cationic contrast agent (CA4+), correlates with the equilibrium compressive modulus (E) and coefficient of friction (μ) of ex vivo bovine articular cartilage. METHODS Correlations between CECT attenuation and E (Group 1, n = 12) and μ (Group 2, n = 10) were determined using 7 mm diameter bovine osteochondral plugs from the stifle joints of six freshly slaughtered, skeletally mature cows. The equilibrium compressive modulus was measured using a four-step, unconfined, compressive stress-relaxation test, and the coefficients of friction were determined from a torsional friction test. Following mechanical testing, samples were immersed in CA4+, imaged using μCT, rinsed, and analyzed for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content using the 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay. RESULTS The CECT attenuation was positively correlated with the GAG content of bovine cartilage (R(2) = 0.87, P < 0.0001 for Group 1 and R(2) = 0.74, P = 0.001 for Group 2). Strong and significant positive correlations were observed between E and GAG content (R(2) = 0.90, P < 0.0001) as well as CECT attenuation and E (R(2) = 0.90, P < 0.0001). The CECT attenuation was negatively correlated with the three coefficients of friction: CECT vs μ(static) (R(2) = 0.71, P = 0.002), CECT vs μ(static_equilibrium) (R(2) = 0.79, P < 0.001), and CECT vs μ(kinetic) (R(2) = 0.69, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS CECT with CA4+ is a useful tool for determining the mechanical properties of ex vivo cartilage tissue as the attenuation significantly correlates with the compressive modulus and coefficient of friction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B.A. Lakin
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
,Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - D.J. Grasso
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - S.S. Shah
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - R.C. Stewart
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - P.N. Bansal
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
,Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - J.D. Freedman
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - M.W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Mark W. Grinstaff, Ph.D. Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston MA 02215 OR Brian D. Snyder, MD, PhD. Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 1 Overland Street, RN 115, Boston MA 02215
| | - B.D. Snyder
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
,Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Mark W. Grinstaff, Ph.D. Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston MA 02215 OR Brian D. Snyder, MD, PhD. Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 1 Overland Street, RN 115, Boston MA 02215
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kokkonen HT, Aula AS, Kröger H, Suomalainen JS, Lammentausta E, Mervaala E, Jurvelin JS, Töyräs J. Delayed Computed Tomography Arthrography of Human Knee Cartilage In Vivo. Cartilage 2012; 3:334-41. [PMID: 26069643 PMCID: PMC4297151 DOI: 10.1177/1947603512447300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the feasibility of delayed computed tomography (CT) arthrography for evaluation of human knee cartilage in vivo. Especially, the diffusion of contrast agent out of the joint space and the optimal time points for imaging were determined. DESIGN Two patients were imaged using delayed CT arthrography and delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) techniques. RESULTS Two hours after injection, the concentration of contrast agent in the joint space was still high enough (20% to 24.5% of the initial concentration at 0 minutes) to allow delayed CT arthrography. The half-life of the contrast agent in the joint space varied from 30 to 60 minutes. The contrast agent concentration in patellar and femoral cartilage reached the maximum after 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. According to dGEMRIC, there were no differences between patients. However, in delayed CT arthrography, the penetration of the contrast agent was higher in the osteoarthritic knee cartilage. CONCLUSIONS Contrast agent remained in the joint space long enough to enable delayed CT arthrography of cartilage. After 30 minutes, the normalized contrast agent concentration was higher in the cartilage of the osteoarthritic knee in comparison with the healthy knee. To conclude, delayed CT arthrography exhibited potential for use in the clinical evaluation of cartilage integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harri T. Kokkonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti S. Aula
- Department of Medical Physics, Imaging Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Kröger
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | - Esa Mervaala
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka S. Jurvelin
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
CONTEXT The imaging of pediatric sports injuries of the elbow requires an understanding of the interaction between biomechanical forces common in sports and the developing skeleton. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A PubMed search was performed using the terms elbow, radiology, and sports with the search limited to children up to 18 years of age. No limits were set on the range of years searched. Articles were reviewed for relevance with an emphasis of the changing nature of sports injuries about the pediatric elbow. RESULTS A clear progression of injuries about the elbow can be identified as the skeleton matures. Sports most commonly associated with injuries in the pediatric age group were baseball and gymnastics. CONCLUSIONS Most pediatric sports injuries result from overhand throwing, especially in baseball or gymnastics. The manifestation of the injuries shifts as the physes progress toward closure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry R. Dwek
- Rady Children’s Hospital and Health Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California
| |
Collapse
|