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Recent progress of astatine-211 in endoradiotherapy: Great advances from fundamental properties to targeted radiopharmaceuticals. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lindell Jonsson E, Erngren I, Engskog M, Haglöf J, Arvidsson T, Hedeland M, Petterson C, Laurell G, Nestor M. Exploring Radiation Response in Two Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cell Lines Through Metabolic Profiling. Front Oncol 2019; 9:825. [PMID: 31544064 PMCID: PMC6728927 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common form of cancer worldwide. Radiotherapy, with or without surgery, represents the major approach to curative treatment. However, not all tumors are equally sensitive to irradiation. It is therefore of interest to apply newer system biology approaches (e.g., metabolic profiling) in squamous cancer cells with different radiosensitivities in order to provide new insights on the mechanisms of radiation response. In this study, two cultured HNSCC cell lines from the same donor, UM-SCC-74A and UM-SCC-74B, were first genotyped using Short Tandem Repeat (STR), and assessed for radiation response by the means of clonogenic survival and growth inhibition assays. Thereafter, cells were cultured, irradiated and collected for subsequent metabolic profiling analyses using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). STR verified the similarity of UM-SCC-74A and UM-SCC-74B cells, and three independent assays proved UM-SCC-74B to be clearly more radioresistant than UM-SCC-74A. The LC-MS metabolic profiling demonstrated significant differences in the intracellular metabolome of the two cell lines before irradiation, as well as significant alterations after irradiation. The most important differences between the two cell lines before irradiation were connected to nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism and purine metabolism. In the more radiosensitive UM-SCC-74A cells, the most significant alterations after irradiation were linked to tryptophan metabolism. In the more radioresistant UM-SCC-74B cells, the major alterations after irradiation were connected to nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism, purine metabolism, the methionine cycle as well as the serine, and glycine metabolism. The data suggest that the more radioresistant cell line UM-SCC-74B altered the metabolism to control redox-status, manage DNA-repair, and change DNA methylation after irradiation. This provides new insights on the mechanisms of radiation response, which may aid future identification of biomarkers associated with radioresistance of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ida Erngren
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Engskog
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Haglöf
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Arvidsson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Medical Product Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Hedeland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Curt Petterson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Laurell
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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CD44v6-Targeted Imaging of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Antibody-Based Approaches. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 2017:2709547. [PMID: 29097914 PMCID: PMC5612744 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2709547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common and severe cancer with low survival rate in advanced stages. Noninvasive imaging of prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers could provide valuable information for planning and monitoring of the different therapy options. Thus, there is a major interest in development of new tracers towards cancer-specific molecular targets to improve diagnostic imaging and treatment. CD44v6, an oncogenic variant of the cell surface molecule CD44, is a promising molecular target since it exhibits a unique expression pattern in HNSCC and is associated with drug- and radio-resistance. In this review we summarize results from preclinical and clinical investigations of radiolabeled anti-CD44v6 antibody-based tracers: full-length antibodies, Fab, F(ab′)2 fragments, and scFvs with particular focus on the engineering of various antibody formats and choice of radiolabel for the use as molecular imaging agents in HNSCC. We conclude that the current evidence points to CD44v6 imaging being a promising approach for providing more specific and sensitive diagnostic tools, leading to customized treatment decisions and functional diagnosis. Improved imaging tools hold promise to enable more effective treatment for head and neck cancer patients.
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A real-time in vitro assay as a potential predictor of in vivo tumor imaging properties. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 43:12-18. [PMID: 26702782 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Selective tumor targeting strategies based on cell surface molecules enable new personalized diagnosis and treatments, potentially lowering adverse effects and increasing efficacy. Radio-immunotargeting generally relies on a molecule binding to a cancer-specific target. It is therefore important to understand the properties of molecular interactions in their working environment and how to translate these properties measured in vitro into the in vivo molecular imaging situation. METHODS Time resolved interaction analysis in vitro was compared with a corresponding in vivo xenograft mouse model. The antibody fragment AbD15179 was labeled with (125)I or (111)In, and analyzed on cell lines with differing CD44v6 expression in vitro, and in a dual tumor xenograft model derived from the same cell lines. In vitro LigandTracer measurements were analyzed with TraceDrawer and Interaction Map. Conjugate sensitivity, kinetics, and signal-to-background ratios were assessed for both tumor cells in vitro and xenograft tumors in vivo. RESULTS In vitro results revealed a general biphasic appearance of a high- and a low-affinity interaction event. The (111)In-labeled fragment displayed the largest proportion of the high-affinity interaction with increased sensitivity and retention compared to (125)I-Fab. In vivo results were in agreement with in vitro data, with increased retention, higher sensitivity and better contrast for the (111)In-labeled fragment compared to (125)I. CONCLUSIONS Time resolved binding characteristics measured in vitro largely matched the in vivo performance for the conjugates, which is promising for future studies. In vitro time-resolved LigandTracer assays are efficient, rapid, and in this study shown to be able to predict in vivo outcomes. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE Further studies are needed to confirm these findings, but the method is promising considering the ethical need to reduce the use of laboratory animals, as well as reducing costs for the development of tumor targeting compounds in the future.
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Bondza S, Stenberg J, Nestor M, Andersson K, Björkelund H. Conjugation Effects on Antibody–Drug Conjugates: Evaluation of Interaction Kinetics in Real Time on Living Cells. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:4154-63. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500379d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Bondza
- Section
of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology
and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751
85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Stenberg
- Section
of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology
and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751
85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Ridgeview Instruments AB, Vänge, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Section
of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology
and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751
85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Section
of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical
Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Andersson
- Section
of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology
and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751
85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Ridgeview Instruments AB, Vänge, Sweden
| | - Hanna Björkelund
- Section
of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology
and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751
85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Ridgeview Instruments AB, Vänge, Sweden
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Haylock AK, Spiegelberg D, Nilvebrant J, Sandström K, Nestor M. In vivo characterization of the novel CD44v6-targeting Fab fragment AbD15179 for molecular imaging of squamous cell carcinoma: a dual-isotope study. EJNMMI Res 2014; 4:11. [PMID: 24598405 PMCID: PMC3975705 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-4-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region (HNSCC) offer a diagnostic challenge due to difficulties to detect small tumours and metastases. Imaging methods available are not sufficient, and radio-immunodiagnostics could increase specificity and sensitivity of diagnostics. The objective of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the in vivo properties of the radiolabelled CD44v6-targeting fragment AbD15179 and to assess its utility as a targeting agent for radio-immunodiagnostics of CD44v6-expressing tumours. METHODS The fully human CD44v6-targeting Fab fragment AbD15179 was labelled with 111In or 125I, as models for radionuclides suitable for imaging with SPECT or PET. Species specificity, antigen specificity and internalization properties were first assessed in vitro. In vivo specificity and biodistribution were then evaluated in tumour-bearing mice using a dual-tumour and dual-isotope setup. RESULTS Both species-specific and antigen-specific binding of the conjugates were demonstrated in vitro, with no detectable internalization. The in vivo studies demonstrated specific tumour binding and favourable tumour targeting properties for both conjugates, albeit with higher tumour uptake, slower tumour dissociation, higher tumour-to-blood ratio and higher CD44v6 sensitivity for the 111In-labelled fragment. In contrast, the 125I-Fab demonstrated more favourable tumour-to-organ ratios for liver, spleen and kidneys. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that AbD15179 efficiently targets CD44v6-expressing squamous cell carcinoma xenografts, and particularly, the 111In-Fab displayed high and specific tumour uptake. CD44v6 emerges as a suitable target for radio-immunodiagnostics, and a fully human antibody fragment such as AbD15179 can enable further clinical imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karin Haylock
- Unit of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala SE-751 85, Sweden.
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Choice of labeling and cell line influences interactions between the Fab fragment AbD15179 and its target antigen CD44v6. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 41:140-7. [PMID: 24290808 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Medical imaging by use of immunotargeting generally relies on a labeled molecule binding to a specific target on the cell surface. It is important to utilize both cell-based and time-resolved binding assays in order to understand the properties of such molecular interactions in a relevant setting. In this report we describe the detailed characterization of the interaction properties for AbD15179, a promising CD44v6-targeting antibody fragment for radio-immunotargeting. Influence of labeling and cell-line model on the protein interaction kinetics was assessed using three different labeling approaches ((111)In, (125)I and FITC) on three different squamous carcinoma cell lines. Interactions were measured using time-resolved assays on living cells, and further analyzed with Interaction Map®. Results demonstrated a general biphasic appearance of a high- and a low-affinity binding event in all cases. The relative contribution from these two interactions differed between conjugates. For (125)I-Fab, the population of low-affinity binders could be significantly increased by extending the chloramine T exposure during labeling, whereas the (111)In-labeling predominantly resulted in a high-affinity interaction. Interactions were also shown to be cell line dependent, with e.g. SCC-25 cells generally mediating a faster dissociation of conjugates compared to the other cell lines. In conclusion, we report both cell line dependent and labeling associated variations in interaction kinetics for AbD15179 binding to CD44v6. This has implications for cell-based kinetic assays and applications based on labeled conjugates in general, as well as in a clinical setting, where each individual tumor may create different kinetic profiles for the same conjugate.
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Evaluation of a Wet Chemistry Method for Isolation of Cyclotron Produced [211At]Astatine. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/app3030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cheng J, Ekberg T, Engström M, Nestor M, Jensen HJ, Tolmachev V, Anniko M. Radioimmunotherapy With Astatine-211 Using Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody U36 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Laryngoscope 2013; 117:1013-8. [PMID: 17440426 DOI: 10.1097/mlg.0b013e31804b1a6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), there is a need for an adjuvant treatment. We aim to evaluate the biodistribution and therapeutic effect of radioimmunotherapy using the alpha emitting, astatine-211-labeled, chimeric monoclonal antibody U36 (U36) on the HNSCC cell line UT-SCC7 in vivo. STUDY DESIGN Xenograft tumors were inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice. Astatine-211-labeled U36 was injected intravenously with or without blocking of target with nonlabeled U36. METHODS In the biodistribution experiments, radioactivity was measured in tumors and various organs at set time points. In the therapeutic experiments, two groups (with or without blocking) received therapy, and the tumor growth was compared with that of controls. In addition, one group received nonlabeled U36 only. RESULTS The biodistribution experiments demonstrated that astatine-211-labeled U36 could target UT-SCC7 xenografts in nude mice. With time, uptake increased in tumors and decreased in normal organs. Nonlabeled U36 did not influence tumor growth. In the two therapy groups, 18 of 20 tumors responded to therapy by decreasing or stabilizing their volumes. Significant difference was seen between the treated groups and the controls (P < .05). CONCLUSION The study illustrates the specific binding of astatine-211-labeled U36 to HNSCC and suggests radioimmunotherapy with the alpha emitting radionuclide to be a useful treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Cheng
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital (Akademiska Sjukhuset), Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
The effectiveness of targeted α-therapy (TAT) can be explained by the properties of α-particles. Alpha particles are helium nuclei and are ~8,000 times larger than β(-)-particles (electrons). When emitted from radionuclides that decay via an α-decay pathway, they release enormous amounts of energy over a very short distance. Typically, the range of α-particles in tissue is 50-100 μm and they have high linear energy transfer (LET) with a mean energy deposition of 100 keV/μm, providing a more specific tumor cell killing ability without damage to the surrounding normal tissues than β(-)-emitters. Due to these properties, the majority of pre-clinical and clinical trials have demonstrated that α-emitters such as (225)Ac, (211)At, (212)Bi, (213)Bi, (212)Pb, (223)Ra, and (227)Th are ideal for the treatment of smaller tumor burdens, micrometastatic disease, and disseminated disease. Even though these α-emitters have favorable properties, the development of TAT has been limited by high costs, unresolved chemistry, and limited availability of the radionuclides. To overcome these limitations, more potent isotopes, additional sources, and more efficient isotope production methods should be addressed. Furthermore, better chelation and labeling methods with the improvements of isotope delivery, targeting vehicles, molecular targets, and identification of appropriate clinical applications are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seung Kim
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Rm B3B69, Bethesda, MD 20892-1002, USA
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Nestor M, Sundström M, Anniko M, Tolmachev V. Effect of cetuximab in combination with alpha-radioimmunotherapy in cultured squamous cell carcinomas. Nucl Med Biol 2011; 38:103-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
There is great potential for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) in the treatment of head and neck cancer. In recent years, developments in fields such as antigen screening, protein engineering, and cancer biology have facilitated the rational design of targeted pharmaceuticals, with monoclonal antibodies forming the most rapidly expanding category. TRT may be a promising way to improve targeted treatment, especially in head and neck cancer, because of the intrinsic radiosensitivity of this tumor type. TRT may also provide a good foundation on which to build rational biologic combination therapies. In the next few years the use of TRT may offer new opportunities for further improvement of the therapeutic ratio that potentially may obviate or reduce the need for conventional cytotoxics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika V Nestor
- Unit of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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13
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Effect of cetuximab treatment in squamous cell carcinomas. Tumour Biol 2010; 31:141-7. [PMID: 20358427 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the monoclonal antibody cetuximab in a panel of cultured squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. This antibody, targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is emerging as a promising agent for treatment of several cancers. As this antibody comes into clinical use, the identification of predictive markers of therapeutic benefit remains a pressing issue. Cells were first characterized according to EGFR expression, cell doubling time, and BRAF and K-ras mutations. The effects of cetuximab on cell-cycle distribution, proliferation, as well as cell growth rate were then evaluated. Cetuximab decreased cell proliferation in three out of four cell lines in a time-dependent manner, and all cell lines were found to exhibit wild type K-ras and BRAF genes. A possible correlation between EGFR expression and cetuximab effect on growth inhibition rate was observed, whereas reduction of cell doubling time seemed to be more dependent on initial growth rate. In addition, other factors may further influence the long-term treatment response of cetuximab. Moreover, the time-dependent manner of cetuximab response demonstrates the importance of long-term measurements for this substance.
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Nestor M, Andersson K, Lundqvist H. Characterization of 111In and 177Lu-labeled antibodies binding to CD44v6 using a novel automated radioimmunoassay. J Mol Recognit 2008; 21:179-83. [PMID: 18438972 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapies rely on bifunctional molecules, typically a protein that specifically recognizes tumor cells and a toxic component which is linked to the protein. Therefore, development of such therapies includes detailed characterizations of protein-cell interactions in order to find a good targeting agent. Knowledge of factors such as antibody-antigen specificity, as well as cellular uptake, retention and affinity of the antibody are necessary in order to be successful. In this paper, we have used a novel instrument, LigandTracer Yellow, to characterize the interactions of (111)In and (177)Lu-labeled monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with CD44v6. Uptake studies with varying specific radioactivity of the chimeric MAb U36 and with an irrelevant antibody for the CD44v6 receptor verified the reliability of the method, as well as the specificity of the antibody-receptor binding. Uptake, retention, and affinity were very similar for the (111)In and (177)Lu-labeled conjugate, and were in line with earlier studies using manual methods. The fact that no adverse effects from labeling were seen, together with the high retention, could make these conjugates promising candidates for imaging and therapy of certain cancer types in the future. The novel LigandTracer technology reduced the workload and reagent spending while providing data with superior time resolution. The obtained results were in agreement with previously reported findings. In addition the real-time detection and higher time resolution made more detailed studies of the interactions possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Nestor
- Unit of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
For the treatment of minimum residual diseases such micrometastases and residual tumor margins that remain after debulking of the primary tumor, targeted radiotherapy using radiopharmaceuticals tagged with alpha-particle-emitting radionuclides is very attractive. In addition to the their short range in tissue, which helps minimize harmful effects on adjacent normal tissues, alpha-particles, being high LET radiation, have several radiobiological advantages. The heavy halogen, astatine-211 is one of the prominent alpha-particle-emitting radionuclides in practice. Being a halogen, it can often be incorporated into biomolecules of interest by adapting radioiodination chemistry. A wide spectrum of compounds from the simple [(211)At]astatide ion to small organic molecules, peptides, and large proteins labeled with (211)At have been investigated with at least two reaching the stage of clinical evaluation. The chemistry, cytotoxic advantages, biodistribution studies, and microdosimetry/pharmacokinetic modeling of some of these agents will be reviewed. In addition, potential problems such as the harmful effect of radiolysis on the synthesis, lack of sufficient in vivo stability of astatinated compounds, and possible adverse effects when they are systemically administered will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael R. Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Zalutsky MR, Reardon DA, Pozzi OR, Vaidyanathan G, Bigner DD. Targeted alpha-particle radiotherapy with 211At-labeled monoclonal antibodies. Nucl Med Biol 2007; 34:779-85. [PMID: 17921029 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2007.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An attractive feature of targeted radionuclide therapy is the ability to select radionuclides and targeting vehicles with characteristics that are best suited for a particular clinical application. One combination that has been receiving increasing attention is the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specifically reactive to receptors and antigens that are expressed in tumor cells to selectively deliver the alpha-particle-emitting radiohalogen astatine-211 (211At) to malignant cell populations. Promising results have been obtained in preclinical models with multiple 211At-labeled mAbs; however, translation of the concept to the clinic has been slow. Impediments to this process include limited radionuclide availability, the need for suitable radiochemistry methods operant at high activity levels and lack of data concerning the toxicity of alpha-particle emitters in humans. Nonetheless, two clinical trials have been initiated to date with 211At-labeled mAbs, and others are planned for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Fortin MA, Salnikov AV, Nestor M, Heldin NE, Rubin K, Lundqvist H. Immuno-PET of undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma with radioiodine-labelled antibody cMAb U36: application to antibody tumour uptake studies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 34:1376-87. [PMID: 17277931 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-006-0346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We tested the suitability of the chimeric monoclonal anti-human CD44 splice version 6 antibody (cMAb U36) for targeting and visualising human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with PET. We also performed experiments aimed at elucidating the relation between tumour interstitial fluid pressure (TIFP) and the tumour uptake of antibodies. METHODS The affinity and specificity of the cMAb U36 for KAT-4 cells were evaluated in vitro, as was the Na+/I- symporter (NIS) expression. Biodistribution studies were performed on KAT-4 carcinoma-bearing mice injected with 124I-cMAb U36 or free iodine. Biodistribution studies were also performed in animals treated with the specific TGF-beta1 and -beta3 inhibitor Fc:TbetaRII, which lowers TIFP. Treated and non-treated animals were scanned by microPET. RESULTS Cultured human undifferentiated/anaplastic thyroid carcinoma KAT-4 cells expressed low levels of NIS and uptake of free iodine was insignificant. The cMAb U36 expressed an affinity (KD) of 11+/-2 nM. Tumour radioactivity uptake reached maximum values 48 h after injection of 124I-cMAb U36 (approximately 22%IA/g). KAT-4 carcinomas were readily identified in all 124I-immuno-PET images. Radioactivity tumour uptake in Fc:TbetaRII-treated animals was significantly lower at 24 and 48 h after injection, and five times higher thyroid uptake was also noted. CONCLUSION We successfully used 124I-cMAb U36 to visualise CD44v6-expressing human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Given the lack of NIS expression in KAT-4, tumour visualisation is not due to free iodine uptake. Lowering the TIFP in KAT-4 carcinomas did not increase the uptake of mAbs into tumour tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Fortin
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, G1K 7P4, Canada.
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Nestor M, Ekberg T, Dring J, van Dongen GA, Wester K, Tolmachev V, Anniko M. Quantification of CD44v6 and EGFR Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas Using a Single-Dose Radioimmunoassay. Tumour Biol 2007; 28:253-63. [DOI: 10.1159/000110898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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