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Askari Rizvi SF, Zhang H. Emerging trends of receptor-mediated tumor targeting peptides: A review with perspective from molecular imaging modalities. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113538. [PMID: 34022717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural peptides extracted from natural components such are known to have a relatively short in-vivo half-life and can readily metabolize by endo- and exo-peptidases. Fortunately, synthetic peptides can be easily manipulated to increase in-vivo stability, membrane permeability and target specificity with some well-known natural families. Many natural as well as synthetic peptides target to their endogenous receptors for diagnosis and therapeutic applications. In order to detect these peptides externally, they must be modified with radionuclides compatible with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET). Although, these techniques mainly rely on physiological changes and have profound diagnostic strength over anatomical modalities such as MRI and CT. However, both SPECT and PET observed to possess lack of anatomical reference frame which is a key weakness of these techniques, and unfortunately, cannot be available freely in most clinical centres especially in under-developing countries. Hence, it is need of the time to design and develop economic, patient friendly and versatile strategies to grapple with existing problems without any hazardous side effects. Optical molecular imaging (OMI) has emerged as a novel technique in field of medical science using fluorescent probes as imaging modality and has ability to couple with organic drugs, small molecules, chemotherapeutics, DNA, RNA, anticancer peptide and protein without adding chelators as necessary for radionuclides. Furthermore, this review focuses on difference in imaging modalities and provides ample knowledge about reliable, economic and patient friendly optical imaging technique rather radionuclide-based imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faheem Askari Rizvi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 730000, Gansu, PR China.
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2
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Structural modifications of amino acid sequences of radiolabeled peptides for targeted tumor imaging. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is the state-of-the-art imaging modality in nuclear medicine despite the fact that only a few new SPECT tracers have become available in the past 20 years. Critical for the future success of SPECT is the design of new and specific tracers for the detection, localization, and staging of a disease and for monitoring therapy. The utility of SPECT imaging to address oncologic questions is dependent on radiotracers that ideally exhibit excellent tissue penetration, high affinity to the tumor-associated target structure, specific uptake and retention in the malignant lesions, and rapid clearance from non-targeted tissues and organs. In general, a target-specific SPECT radiopharmaceutical can be divided into two main parts: a targeting biomolecule (e.g., peptide, antibody fragment) and a γ-radiation-emitting radionuclide (e.g., 99mTc, 123I). If radiometals are used as the radiation source, a bifunctional chelator is needed to link the radioisotope to the targeting entity. In a rational SPECT tracer design, these single components have to be critically evaluated in order to achieve a balance among the demands for adequate target binding, and a rapid clearance of the radiotracer. The focus of this chapter is to depict recent developments of tumor-targeted SPECT radiotracers for imaging of cancer diseases. Possibilities for optimization of tracer design and potential causes for design failure are discussed and highlighted with selected examples.
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4
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Hoppenz P, Els‐Heindl S, Beck‐Sickinger AG. Identification and stabilization of a highly selective gastrin‐releasing peptide receptor agonist. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3224. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hoppenz
- Institute of BiochemistryLeipzig University Leipzig Germany
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5
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Evaluation of new 99mTc-labeled HYNIC-bombesin analogue for prostate cancer imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Simpson EJ, Gobbo P, Bononi FC, Murrell E, Workentin MS, Luyt LG. Bombesin-functionalized water-soluble gold nanoparticles for targeting prostate cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jin2.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Simpson
- Western University Chemistry; 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Pierangelo Gobbo
- Western University Chemistry; 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Fernanda C. Bononi
- Western University Chemistry; 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Emily Murrell
- Western University Chemistry; 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Mark S. Workentin
- Western University Chemistry; 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Leonard G. Luyt
- Western University Chemistry; 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program; Western University Oncology; 790 Commissioners Rd. E London Ontario N6A 4L6 Canada
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7
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Haddad Zahmatkesh M, Abedi SM, Hosseinimehr SJ. Preparation and biological evaluation of 99mTc-HYNIC-(Ser)3-D4 peptide for targeting and imaging of non-small-cell lung cancer. Future Oncol 2017; 13:893-905. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, radiolabeled D4 peptide conjugate was studied as a radiotracer for imaging of non-small-cell lung cancer with overexpression of EGFR. Methods: HYNIC-(Ser)3-D4 peptide was labeled with 99mTc using tricine as a co-ligand. Cellular specific binding and internalization as well as in vivo tumor targeting were assessed. Results: The in vitro experiments showed good cellular specific binding. Tumor uptake values as %ID/g were 7.55 and 6.82% at 1 and 4 h after injection, respectively. The presaturation of EGFR in xenografted nude mice reduced 36% tumor uptake of radioactivity at 1 h after injection that confirmed in vivo specificity. Conclusion: Findings showed this radiolabeled peptide is a promising candidate for tumor targeting and molecular imaging of non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Haddad Zahmatkesh
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Abedi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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8
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Ghosh A, Raju N, Tweedle M, Kumar K. In Vitro Mouse and Human Serum Stability of a Heterobivalent Dual-Target Probe That Has Strong Affinity to Gastrin-Releasing Peptide and Neuropeptide Y1 Receptors on Tumor Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017; 32:24-32. [PMID: 28186846 PMCID: PMC5911699 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2016.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-targeting radiolabeled molecular probes with high affinity and specificity are useful in studying and monitoring biological processes and responses. Dual- or multiple-targeting probes, using radiolabeled metal chelates conjugated to peptides, have potential advantages over single-targeting probes as they can recognize multiple targets leading to better sensitivity for imaging and radiotherapy when target heterogeneity is present. Two natural hormone peptide receptors, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and Y1, are specifically interesting as their expression is upregulated in most breast and prostate cancers. One of our goals has been to develop a dual-target probe that can bind both GRP and Y1 receptors. Consequently, a heterobivalent dual-target probe, t-BBN/BVD15-DO3A (where a GRP targeting ligand J-G-Abz4-QWAVGHLM-NH2 and Y1 targeting ligand INP-K [ɛ-J-(α-DO3A-ɛ-DGa)-K] YRLRY-NH2 were coupled), that recognizes both GRP and Y1 receptors was synthesized, purified, and characterized in the past. Competitive displacement cell binding assay studies with the probe demonstrated strong affinity (IC50 values given in parentheses) for GRP receptors in T-47D cells (18 ± 0.7 nM) and for Y1 receptors in MCF7 cells (80 ± 11 nM). As a further evaluation of the heterobivalent dual-target probe t-BBN/BVD15-DO3A, the objective of this study was to determine its mouse and human serum stability at 37°C. The in vitro metabolic degradation of the dual-target probe in mouse and human serum was studied by using a 153Gd-labeled t-BBN/BVD15-DO3A and a high-performance liquid chromatography/radioisotope detector analytical method. The half-life (t1/2) of degradation of the dual-target probe in mouse serum was calculated as 7 hours and only ∼20% degradation was seen after 6 hours incubation in human serum. The slow in vitro metabolic degradation of the dual-target probe can be compared with the degradation t1/2 of the corresponding monomeric probes, BVD15-DO3A and AMBA: 15, and ∼40 minutes for BVD15-DO3A and 3.1 and 38.8 hours for AMBA in mouse and human serum, respectively. A possible pathway for in vitro metabolic degradation of the t-BBN/BVD15-DO3A in mouse serum is proposed based on the chromatographic retention times of the intact probe and its degradants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Ghosh
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Natarajan Raju
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael Tweedle
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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9
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Valverde IE, Vomstein S, Mindt TL. Toward the Optimization of Bombesin-Based Radiotracers for Tumor Targeting. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3867-77. [PMID: 27054526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The peptide bombesin (BBN) is a peptide with high affinity for the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr), a receptor that is overexpressed by, for example, breast and prostate cancers. Thus, GRPr agonists can be used as cancer-targeting vectors to shuttle diagnostic and therapeutic agents into tumor cells. With the aim of optimizing the tumor targeting properties of a radiolabeled [Nle(14)]BBN(7-14) moiety, novel BBN(7-14)- and BBN(6-14)-based radioconjugates were synthesized, labeled with Lu-177, and fully evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The effect of residue and backbone modification on several parameters such as the internalization of the radiolabeled peptides into PC3 and AR42J tumor cells, their affinity toward the human GRPr, metabolic stability in blood plasma, and biodistribution in mice bearing GRPr-expressing PC3 xenografts was studied. As a result of our investigations, a novel radiolabeled GRPr agonist with a high tumor uptake and a high tumor-to-kidney ratio was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibai E Valverde
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital , Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Vomstein
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital , Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas L Mindt
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital , Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna , Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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10
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Valverde IE, Vomstein S, Fischer CA, Mascarin A, Mindt TL. Probing the Backbone Function of Tumor Targeting Peptides by an Amide-to-Triazole Substitution Strategy. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7475-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibai E. Valverde
- Division
of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben
4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Vomstein
- Division
of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben
4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christiane A. Fischer
- Division
of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben
4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alba Mascarin
- Division
of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben
4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas L. Mindt
- Division
of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben
4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Bacher L, Fischer G, Litau S, Schirrmacher R, Wängler B, Baller M, Wängler C. Improving the stability of peptidic radiotracers by the introduction of artificial scaffolds: which structure element is most useful? J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015. [PMID: 26219022 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptidic radiotracers are highly potent substances for the specific in vivo imaging of various biological targets with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography. However, some radiolabeled peptides such as bombesin analogs were shown to exhibit only a limited stability, hampering a successful target visualization. One option to positively influence the stability of radiolabeled peptides is the introduction of certain artificial molecular scaffolds. In order to comparatively assess the influence of different structure elements on the stability of radiolabeled peptides and to identify those structure elements being most useful for peptide radiotracer stabilization, several monomeric and dimeric bombesin derivatives were synthesized, exhibiting differing molecular designs and the chelator NODAGA for (68) Ga-labeling. The radiolabeled peptides were evaluated regarding their in vitro stability in human serum to determine the influence of the introduced molecular scaffolds on the peptides' serum stabilities. The results of the evaluations showed that the introduction of scaffold structures and the overall molecular design have a substantial impact on the stabilities of the resulting peptidic radiotracers. But besides some general trends found using certain scaffold structures, the obtained results point to the necessity to empirically assess their influence on stability for each susceptible peptidic radiotracer individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bacher
- University of Applied Sciences, Campus Zweibrücken, Zweibrücken, Germany.,Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gabriel Fischer
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shanna Litau
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Division Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marko Baller
- University of Applied Sciences, Campus Zweibrücken, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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12
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Amouroux G, Pan J, Jenni S, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Hundal-Jabal N, Colpo N, Liu Z, Bénard F, Lin KS. Imaging Bradykinin B1 Receptor with 68Ga-Labeled [des-Arg10]Kallidin Derivatives: Effect of the Linker on Biodistribution and Tumor Uptake. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2879-88. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Amouroux
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jinhe Pan
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Silvia Jenni
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Navjit Hundal-Jabal
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Nadine Colpo
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Chemistry
Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department
of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E3, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department
of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department
of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E3, Canada
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13
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Pujatti PB, Foster JM, Finucane C, Hudson CD, Burnet JC, Pasqualoto KFM, Mengatti J, Mather SJ, de Araújo EB, Sosabowski JK. Evaluation and comparison of a new DOTA and DTPA-bombesin agonist in vitro and in vivo in low and high GRPR expressing prostate and breast tumor models. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 96:91-101. [PMID: 25479439 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated and compared a new bombesin analog [Tyr-Gly5, Nle(14)]-BBN(6-14) conjugated to DOTA or DTPA and radiolabeled with In-111 in low and high GRPR expressing tumor models. Both peptides were radiolabeled with high radiochemical purity and specific activity. In vitro assays on T-47D, LNCaP and PC-3 cells showed that the affinity of peptides is similar and a higher binding and internalization of DOTA-peptide to PC-3 cells was observed. Both peptides could target PC-3 and LNCaP tumors in vivo and both tumor types could be visualized by microSPECT/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla B Pujatti
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom; Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Julie M Foster
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ciara Finucane
- InviCRO LLC, 27 Drydock Ave, Boston, MA 02210, United States
| | - Chantelle D Hudson
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jair Mengatti
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephen J Mather
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine B de Araújo
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jane K Sosabowski
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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Zheng Y, Ji S, Tomaselli E, Yang Y, Liu S. Comparison of biological properties of (111)In-labeled dimeric cyclic RGD peptides. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 42:137-45. [PMID: 25459111 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study two (111)In-labeled dimeric cyclic RGD peptides, (111)In(DOTA-Galacto-RGD2) and (111)In(DOTA-3P-RGD2), were evaluated as radiotracers for breast tumor imaging. The objective was to evaluate the impact of SAA, PEG2 and 1,2,3-triazole linkers as compare to PEG4 on the tumor uptake and excretion kinetics of (111)In radiotracers. METHODS DOTA-Galacto-RGD2 was prepared by conjugation of Galacto-RGD2 with DOTA-OSu in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. Its integrin αvβ3 binding affinity was determined using a whole-cell displacement assay against (125)I-echistatin bound to U87MG glioma cells, and was compared with those of c(RGDfK), DOTA-3P-RGD2 and DOTA-3P-RGK2 (a nonsense peptide conjugate with "scrambled" RGK sequences). (111)In(DOTA-Galacto-RGD2) and (111)In(DOTA-3P-RGD2) were prepared and evaluated for their tumor-targeting capability and biodistribution properties in athymic nude mice bearing MDA-MB-435 breast tumor xenografts. Planar imaging studies were performed to demonstrate the utility of (111)In(DOTA-Galacto-RGD2) and (111)In(DOTA-3P-RGD2) for breast tumor imaging. RESULTS IC50 values of DOTA-Galacto-RGD2, DOTA-3P-RGD2, and DOTA-3P-RGK2 were calculated to be 27±2, 29±4, 596±48nM, respectively. The tumor uptake values of (111)In(DOTA-Galacto-RGD2) (6.79±0.98, 6.56±0.56, 4.17±0.61 and 1.09±0.13 %ID/g at 1, 4, 24 and 72hours p.i., respectively) were almost identical to those of (111)In(DOTA-3P-RGD2) (6.17±1.65, 5.94±0.84, 3.40±0.50 and 0.99±0.20 %ID/g, respectively). (111)In(DOTA-Galacto-RGD2) had a faster clearance from blood and muscle than (111)In(DOTA-3P-RGD2), leading to higher tumor/blood and tumor/muscle ratios. (111)In(DOTA-3P-RGD2) had lower liver uptake and better tumor/liver ratios than (111)In(DOTA-Galacto-RGD2). The tumor uptake of (111)In(DOTA-Galacto-RGD2) and (111)In(DOTA-3P-RGD2) was both integrin αvβ3 and RGD-specific. Imaging data suggest that (111)In(DOTA-Galacto-RGD2) and (111)In(DOTA-3P-RGD2) are useful as radiotracers for imaging integrin αvβ3-positive breast tumors. CONCLUSION The results from this study suggest that replacing PEG4 linkers between two RGD moieties with a pair of SAA, PEG2 and 1,2,3-triazole groups has little impact on integrin αvβ3 binding affinity and tumor uptake of (111)In-labeled dimeric cyclic RGD peptides. Despite the subtle differences in their excretion kinetics from noncancerous tissues, (111)In(DOTA-Galacto-RGD2) and (111)In(DOTA-3P-RGD2) are useful radiotracers for imaging integrin αvβ3-positive breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China; School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shundong Ji
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Yong Yang
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA.
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15
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Marsouvanidis PJ, Melis M, de Blois E, Breeman WAP, Krenning EP, Maina T, Nock BA, de Jong M. In vivo enzyme inhibition improves the targeting of [177Lu]DOTA-GRP(13-27) in GRPR-positive tumors in mice. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2014; 29:359-67. [PMID: 25286347 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2014.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) and GRP-derived analogs have attracted attention due to high receptor expression in frequently occurring human neoplasia. The authors recently synthesized a series of GRPR-affine peptide analogs based on the 27-mer GRP and derivatized with the DOTA chelator at the N-terminus for (111)In-labeling. In this study, the authors evaluated the most promising from these series, DOTA-GRP(13-27), after radiolabeling with (177)Lu for future therapeutic applications. In addition, to improve in vivo stability of the peptide against in vivo degradation by the protease neutral endopeptidase (NEP), the authors coinjected [(177)Lu]DOTA-GRP(13-27) with the potent NEP inhibitor phosphoramidon (PA). The authors also aimed at reducing renal uptake by coadministration of lysine. METHODS In vivo stability studies were performed in Swiss albino mice. Biodistribution studies were conducted in NMRI nu/nu mice bearing prostate cancer (PC)-3 xenografts. Ex vivo autoradiography was performed using frozen sections from PC-3 xenografts and kidneys. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Coadministration of PA significantly increased the percentage of intact radiopeptide in the mouse circulation. From biodistribution and ex vivo autoradiography studies, coadministration of both lysine and PA with [(177)Lu]DOTA-GRP(13-27) appeared to induce a clear improvement of tumor uptake as well as lower levels of renal radioactivity, causing a promising ninefold increase in tumor/kidney ratios.
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16
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de Blois E, Chan HS, de Zanger R, Konijnenberg M, Breeman WAP. Application of single-vial ready-for-use formulation of 111In- or 177Lu-labelled somatostatin analogs. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 85:28-33. [PMID: 24365877 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
For the sake of safety it would be desirable to store and transport the ready-for-use liquid formulation (diagnostics and therapeutics) of radiolabelled peptides. The use of ethanol, in combination with a mixture of gentisic- and ascorbic acid, has superior effects on stabilizing radiolabelled somatostatin analogs. As a consequence, (111)In- and (177)Lu-labelled somatostatin analogs can be stored and transported in a single-vial ready-for-use liquid formulation up to 7 days after radiolabelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik de Blois
- Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Department of Nuclear Medicine, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ho Sze Chan
- Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Department of Nuclear Medicine, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rory de Zanger
- Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Department of Nuclear Medicine, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Konijnenberg
- Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Department of Nuclear Medicine, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter A P Breeman
- Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Department of Nuclear Medicine, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wu C, Gratama van Andel HA, Laverman P, Boerman OC, Beekman FJ. Effects of attenuation map accuracy on attenuation-corrected micro-SPECT images. EJNMMI Res 2013; 3:7. [PMID: 23369630 PMCID: PMC3579699 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-3-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), attenuation of photon flux in tissue affects quantitative accuracy of reconstructed images. Attenuation maps derived from X-ray computed tomography (CT) can be employed for attenuation correction. The attenuation coefficients as well as registration accuracy between SPECT and CT can be influenced by several factors. Here we investigate how such inaccuracies influence micro-SPECT quantification. Methods Effects of (1) misalignments between micro-SPECT and micro-CT through shifts and rotation, (2) globally altered attenuation coefficients and (3) combinations of these were evaluated. Tests were performed with a NEMA NU 4–2008 phantom and with rat cadavers containing sources with known activity. Results Changes in measured activities within volumes of interest in phantom images ranged from <1.5% (125I) and <0.6% (201Tl, 99mTc and 111In) for 1-mm shifts to <4.5% (125I) and <1.7% (201Tl, 99mTc and 111In) with large misregistration (3 mm). Changes induced by 15° rotation were smaller than those by 3-mm shifts. By significantly altering attenuation coefficients (±10%), activity changes of <5.2% for 125I and <2.7% for 201Tl, 99mTc and 111In were induced. Similar trends were seen in rat studies. Conclusions While getting sufficient accuracy of attenuation maps in clinical imaging is highly challenging, our results indicate that micro-SPECT quantification is quite robust to various imperfections of attenuation maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Section Radiation, Detection & Medical Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, Delft, 2629 JB, the Netherlands.
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Varshney R, Hazari PP, Fernandez P, Schulz J, Allard M, Mishra AK. (68)Ga-labeled bombesin analogs for receptor-mediated imaging. Recent Results Cancer Res 2013; 194:221-256. [PMID: 22918762 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-27994-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Targeted receptor-mediated imaging techniques have become crucial tools in present targeted diagnosis and radiotherapy as they provide accurate and specific diagnosis of disease information. Peptide-based pharmaceuticals are gaining popularity, and there has been vast interest in developing (68)Ga-labeled bombesin (Bn) analogs. The gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) family and its Bn analog have been implicated in the biology of several human cancers. The three bombesin receptors GRP, NMB, and BRS-3 receptor are most frequently ectopically expressed by common, important malignancies. The low expression of Bn/GRP receptors in normal tissue and relatively high expression in a variety of human tumors can be of biological importance and form a molecular basis for Bn/GRP receptor-mediated imaging. To develop a Bn-like peptide with favorable tumor targeting and pharmacokinetic characteristics for possible clinical use, several modifications in the Bn-like peptides, such as the use of a variety of chelating agents, i.e., acyclic and macrocyclic agents with different spacer groups and with different metal ions (gallium), have been performed in recent years without significant disturbance of the vital binding scaffold. The favorable physical properties of (68)Ga, i.e., short half-life, and the fast localization of small peptides make this an ideal combination to study receptor-mediated imaging in patients.
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Abstract
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is the state-of-the-art imaging modality in nuclear medicine despite the fact that only a few new SPECT tracers have become available in the past 20 years. Critical for the future success of SPECT is the design of new and specific tracers for the detection, localization, and staging of a disease and for monitoring therapy. The utility of SPECT imaging to address oncologic questions is dependent on radiotracers that ideally exhibit excellent tissue penetration, high affinity to the tumor-associated target structure, specific uptake and retention in the malignant lesions, and rapid clearance from non-targeted tissues and organs. In general, a target-specific SPECT radiopharmaceutical can be divided into two main parts: a targeting biomolecule (e.g. peptide, antibody fragment) and a γ-radiation emitting radionuclide (e.g. (99m)Tc, (123)I). If radiometals are used as the radiation source, a bifunctional chelator is needed to link the radioisotope to the targeting entity. In a rational SPECT tracer design these single components have to be critically evaluated in order to achieve a balance among the demands for adequate target binding, and a rapid clearance of the radiotracer. The focus of this chapter is to depict recent developments of tumor-targeted SPECT radiotracers for imaging of cancer diseases. Possibilities for optimization of tracer design and potential causes for design failure are discussed and highlighted with selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
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Erkan M, Hausmann S, Michalski CW, Fingerle AA, Dobritz M, Kleeff J, Friess H. The role of stroma in pancreatic cancer: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 9:454-67. [PMID: 22710569 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2012.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the five most lethal malignancies worldwide and survival has not improved substantially in the past 30 years. Desmoplasia (abundant fibrotic stroma) is a typical feature of PDAC in humans, and stromal activation commonly starts around precancerous lesions. It is becoming clear that this stromal tissue is not a bystander in disease progression. Cancer-stroma interactions effect tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, therapy resistance and possibly the metastatic spread of tumour cells. Therefore, targeting the tumour stroma, in combination with chemotherapy, is a promising new option for the treatment of PDAC. In this Review, we focus on four issues. First, how can stromal activity be used to detect early steps of pancreatic carcinogenesis? Second, what is the effect of perpetual pancreatic stellate cell activity on angiogenesis and tissue perfusion? Third, what are the (experimental) antifibrotic therapy options in PDAC? Fourth, what lessons can be learned from Langton's Ant (a simple mathematical model) regarding the unpredictability of genetically engineered mouse models?
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Erkan
- Department of General Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstrasse 12, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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21
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The role of stroma in pancreatic cancer: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. J Gastrointest Cancer 2012; 40:1-9. [PMID: 22710569 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-009-9071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the five most lethal malignancies worldwide and survival has not improved substantially in the past 30 years. Desmoplasia (abundant fibrotic stroma) is a typical feature of PDAC in humans, and stromal activation commonly starts around precancerous lesions. It is becoming clear that this stromal tissue is not a bystander in disease progression. Cancer-stroma interactions effect tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, therapy resistance and possibly the metastatic spread of tumour cells. Therefore, targeting the tumour stroma, in combination with chemotherapy, is a promising new option for the treatment of PDAC. In this Review, we focus on four issues. First, how can stromal activity be used to detect early steps of pancreatic carcinogenesis? Second, what is the effect of perpetual pancreatic stellate cell activity on angiogenesis and tissue perfusion? Third, what are the (experimental) antifibrotic therapy options in PDAC? Fourth, what lessons can be learned from Langton's Ant (a simple mathematical model) regarding the unpredictability of genetically engineered mouse models?
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Laverman P, Sosabowski JK, Boerman OC, Oyen WJG. Radiolabelled peptides for oncological diagnosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012; 39 Suppl 1:S78-92. [PMID: 22388627 PMCID: PMC3304069 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-011-2014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiolabelled receptor-binding peptides targeting receptors (over)expressed on tumour cells are widely under investigation for tumour diagnosis and therapy. The concept of using radiolabelled receptor-binding peptides to target receptor-expressing tissues in vivo has stimulated a large body of research in nuclear medicine. The 111In-labelled somatostatin analogue octreotide (OctreoScan™) is the most successful radiopeptide for tumour imaging, and was the first to be approved for diagnostic use. Based on the success of these studies, other receptor-targeting peptides such as cholecystokinin/gastrin analogues, glucagon-like peptide-1, bombesin (BN), chemokine receptor CXCR4 targeting peptides, and RGD peptides are currently under development or undergoing clinical trials. In this review, we discuss some of these peptides and their analogues, with regard to their potential for radionuclide imaging of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Laverman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Patrikidou A, Vlachostergios PJ, Voutsadakis IA, Hatzidaki E, Valeri RM, Destouni C, Apostolou E, Papandreou CN. Neuropeptide-inducible upregulation of proteasome activity precedes nuclear factor kappa B activation in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2012; 12:31. [PMID: 22715899 PMCID: PMC3441896 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activity and neuroendocrine differentiation are two mechanisms known to be involved in prostate cancer (PC) progression to castration resistance. We have observed that major components of these pathways, including NFκB, proteasome, neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and endothelin 1 (ET-1), exhibit an inverse and mirror image pattern in androgen-dependent (AD) and -independent (AI) states in vitro. METHODS We have now investigated for evidence of a direct mechanistic connection between these pathways with the use of immunocytochemistry (ICC), western blot analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and proteasome activity assessment. RESULTS Neuropeptide (NP) stimulation induced nuclear translocation of NFκB in a dose-dependent manner in AI cells, also evident as reduced total inhibitor κB (IκB) levels and increased DNA binding in EMSA. These effects were preceded by increased 20 S proteasome activity at lower doses and at earlier times and were at least partially reversed under conditions of NP deprivation induced by specific NP receptor inhibitors, as well as NFκB, IκB kinase (IKK) and proteasome inhibitors. AD cells showed no appreciable nuclear translocation upon NP stimulation, with less intense DNA binding signal on EMSA. CONCLUSIONS Our results support evidence for a direct mechanistic connection between the NPs and NFκB/proteasome signaling pathways, with a distinct NP-induced profile in the more aggressive AI cancer state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Patrikidou
- Department of Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Centre Pluridisciplinaire d’Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eleana Hatzidaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Chariklia Destouni
- Department of Cytopathology, “Theagenio” Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Effie Apostolou
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Fani M, Maecke HR, Okarvi SM. Radiolabeled peptides: valuable tools for the detection and treatment of cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:481-501. [PMID: 22737187 PMCID: PMC3364555 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cancer cells overexpress many peptide receptors as molecular targets. Radiolabeled peptides that bind with high affinity and specificity to the receptors on tumor cells hold great potential for both diagnostic imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy. The advantage of solid-phase peptide synthesis, the availability of different chelating agents and prosthetic groups and bioconjugation techniques permit the facile preparation of a wide variety of peptide-based targeting molecules with diverse biological and tumor targeting properties. Some of these peptides, including somatostatin, bombesin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin, neurotensin, exendin and RGD are currently under investigation. It is anticipated that in the near future many of these peptides may find applications in nuclear oncology. This article presents recent developments in the field of small peptides, and their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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25
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Dijkgraaf I, Franssen GM, McBride WJ, D'Souza CA, Laverman P, Smith CJ, Goldenberg DM, Oyen WJG, Boerman OC. PET of tumors expressing gastrin-releasing peptide receptor with an 18F-labeled bombesin analog. J Nucl Med 2012; 53:947-52. [PMID: 22570329 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.100891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is overexpressed in human prostate cancer. Bombesin (BBN) is a neurotransmitter of 14 amino acids and binds with selectivity and with high affinity to GRPRs. We have synthesized a NOTA-conjugated bombesin derivative, NOTA-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2), to label this analog with (18)F using the new Al(18)F method. In this study, the GRPR-targeting potential of (18)F-labeled NOTA-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2) was studied using (68)Ga-NOTA-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2) as a reference. METHODS The NOTA-conjugated bombesin analog was synthesized and radiolabeled with (68)Ga or (18)F. For (18)F labeling, we used our new 1-pot, 1-step method. The labeled product was purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The log P values of the radiotracers were determined. The tumor-targeting characteristics of the compounds were assessed in mice with subcutaneously growing PC-3 xenografts. GRPR-binding specificity was studied by coinjection of an excess of unlabeled NOTA-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2). Small-animal PET/CT images were acquired. RESULTS NOTA-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2) could be efficiently labeled with (18)F or with (68)Ga. NOTA-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2) was labeled with (18)F in a single step, with 50%-90% yield. Radiolabeling, including purification, was performed in 45 min and resulted in a specific activity of greater than 10 GBq/μmol. The log P values of (18)F- and (68)Ga-labeled NOTA-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2) were -1.47 ± 0.05 and -1.98 ± 0.03, respectively. In mice, both radiolabeled compounds cleared rapidly from the blood (<0.07 percentage injected dose per gram at 1 h after injection), mainly via the kidneys. At 1 h after injection, the uptake of (18)F- and (68)Ga-labeled NOTA-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2) in the PC-3 tumors was 2.15 ± 0.55 and 1.24 ± 0.26 percentage injected dose per gram, respectively. GRPR-binding specificity was demonstrated by reduced tumor uptake of radiolabeled NOTA-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2) after coinjection of a 100-fold excess of unlabeled NOTA-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2) peptide. The accumulation of (18)F-NOTA-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2) in the subcutaneous PC-3 tumors could be visualized via small-animal PET. CONCLUSION NOTA-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2) could be labeled rapidly and efficiently with (18)F using a 1-pot, 1-step method. Radiolabeled NOTA-8-Aoc-BBN(7-14)NH(2) specifically accumulated in the GRPR-expressing PC-3 tumors and should be evaluated clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Dijkgraaf
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Liolios CC, Fragogeorgi EA, Zikos C, Loudos G, Xanthopoulos S, Bouziotis P, Paravatou-Petsotas M, Livaniou E, Varvarigou AD, Sivolapenko GB. Structural modifications of ⁹⁹mTc-labelled bombesin-like peptides for optimizing pharmacokinetics in prostate tumor targeting. Int J Pharm 2012; 430:1-17. [PMID: 22459664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main goal of the present study was to investigate the importance of the addition of a positively charged aa in the naturally occurring bombesin (BN) peptide for its utilization as radiodiagnostic agent, taking into consideration the biodistribution profile, the pharmacokinetic characteristics and the tumor targeting ability. METHODS Two BN-derivatives of the general structure [M-chelator]-(spacer)-BN(2-14)-NH(2), where M: (99m)Tc or (185/187)Re, chelator: Gly-Gly-Cys-, spacer: -(arginine)(3)-, M-BN-A; spacer: -(ornithine)(3)-, M-BN-O; have been prepared and evaluated as tumor imaging agents. RESULTS The peptides under study presented high radiolabelling efficiency (>98%), significant stability in human plasma (>60% intact radiolabelled peptide after 1h incubation) and comparable receptor binding affinity with the standard [(125)I-Tyr(4)]-BN. Their internalization rates in the prostate cancer PC-3 cells differed, although the amount of internalized peptide was the same. The biodistribution and the dynamic γ-camera imaging studies in normal and PC-3 tumor-bearing SCID mice have shown significant tumor uptake, combined with fast blood clearance, through the urinary pathway. CONCLUSION The addition of the charged aa spacer in the BN structure was advantageous for biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and tumor targeting ability, because it reduced the upper abdominal radioactivity levels and increased tumor/normal tissue contrast ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos C Liolios
- Institute of Radioisotopes & Radiodiagnostic Products, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Athens, Greece.
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Wu C, de Jong JR, Gratama van Andel HA, van der Have F, Vastenhouw B, Laverman P, Boerman OC, Dierckx RAJO, Beekman FJ. Quantitative multi-pinhole small-animal SPECT: uniform versus non-uniform Chang attenuation correction. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:N183-93. [PMID: 21865622 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/18/n01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Attenuation of photon flux on trajectories between the source and pinhole apertures affects the quantitative accuracy of reconstructed single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images. We propose a Chang-based non-uniform attenuation correction (NUA-CT) for small-animal SPECT/CT with focusing pinhole collimation, and compare the quantitative accuracy with uniform Chang correction based on (i) body outlines extracted from x-ray CT (UA-CT) and (ii) on hand drawn body contours on the images obtained with three integrated optical cameras (UA-BC). Measurements in phantoms and rats containing known activities of isotopes were conducted for evaluation. In (125)I, (201)Tl, (99m)Tc and (111)In phantom experiments, average relative errors comparing to the gold standards measured in a dose calibrator were reduced to 5.5%, 6.8%, 4.9% and 2.8%, respectively, with NUA-CT. In animal studies, these errors were 2.1%, 3.3%, 2.0% and 2.0%, respectively. Differences in accuracy on average between results of NUA-CT, UA-CT and UA-BC were less than 2.3% in phantom studies and 3.1% in animal studies except for (125)I (3.6% and 5.1%, respectively). All methods tested provide reasonable attenuation correction and result in high quantitative accuracy. NUA-CT shows superior accuracy except for (125)I, where other factors may have more impact on the quantitative accuracy than the selected attenuation correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Steinmetz NF, Ablack AL, Hickey JL, Ablack J, Manocha B, Mymryk JS, Luyt LG, Lewis JD. Intravital imaging of human prostate cancer using viral nanoparticles targeted to gastrin-releasing Peptide receptors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1664-72. [PMID: 21520408 PMCID: PMC3163449 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent nanoparticles have several key advantages in terms of solubility, binding avidity, and uptake, making them particularly well suited to molecular imaging applications. Herein is reported the stepwise synthesis and characterization of NIR viral nanoparticles targeted to gastrin-releasing peptide receptors that are over-expressed in human prostate cancers. The pan-bombesin analogue, [β-Ala11, Phe13, Nle14]bombesin-(7-14), is conjugated to cowpea mosaic virus particles functionalized with an NIR dye (Alexa Fluor 647) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) using the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Targeting and uptake in human PC-3 prostate cells is demonstrated in vitro. Tumor homing is observed using human prostate tumor xenografts on the chicken chorioallantoic membrane model using intravital imaging. Further development of this viral nanoparticle platform may open the door to potential clinical noninvasive molecular imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jailal Ablack
- Department of Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Rd. E., London, Ontario N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Bhavik Manocha
- Translational Prostate Cancer Research Group London Regional Cancer Program, Room A4-823, 790 Commissioners Rd. E., London, Ontario N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Joe S. Mymryk
- Department of Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Rd. E., London, Ontario N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Leonard G. Luyt
- Department of Chemistry University of Western Ontario London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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Shirmardi SP, Gandomkar M, Maragheh MG, Shamsaei M. Preclinical Evaluation of a New Bombesin Analog for Imaging of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptors. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2011; 26:309-16. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2010.0912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Pezhman Shirmardi
- Faculty of Nuclear engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Nuclear Science Research School, Nuclear Sciences and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Gandomkar
- Nuclear Science Research School, Nuclear Sciences and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mojtaba Shamsaei
- Faculty of Nuclear engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Molecular imaging, pharmacokinetics, and dosimetry of In-AMBA in human prostate tumor-bearing mice. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:101497. [PMID: 21660132 PMCID: PMC3110286 DOI: 10.1155/2011/101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging with promise of personalized medicine can provide patient-specific information noninvasively, thus enabling treatment to be tailored to the specific biological attributes of both the disease and the patient. This study was to investigate the characterization of DO3A-CH(2)CO-G-4-aminobenzoyl-Q-W-A-V-G-H-L-M-NH(2) (AMBA) in vitro, MicroSPECT/CT imaging, and biological activities of (111)In-AMBA in PC-3 prostate tumor-bearing SCID mice. The uptake of (111)In-AMBA reached highest with 3.87 ± 0.65% ID/g at 8 h. MicroSPECT/CT imaging studies suggested that the uptake of (111)In-AMBA was clearly visualized between 8 and 48 h postinjection. The distribution half-life (t(1/2α)) and the elimination half-life (t(1/2β)) of (111)In-AMBA in mice were 1.53 h and 30.7 h, respectively. The C(max) and AUC of (111)In-AMBA were 7.57% ID/g and 66.39 h % ID/g, respectively. The effective dose appeared to be 0.11 mSv/MBq(-1). We demonstrated a good uptake of (111)In-AMBA in the GRPR-overexpressed PC-3 tumor-bearing SCID mice. (111)In-AMBA is a safe, potential molecular image-guided diagnostic agent for human GRPR-positive tumors, ranging from simple and straightforward biodistribution studies to improve the efficacy of combined modality anticancer therapy.
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31
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Synthesis and evaluation of a new bombesin analog labeled with 99mTc as a GRP receptor imaging agent. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-0985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lattuada L, Barge A, Cravotto G, Giovenzana GB, Tei L. The synthesis and application of polyamino polycarboxylic bifunctional chelating agents. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:3019-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00199f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Correia JDG, Paulo A, Raposinho PD, Santos I. Radiometallated peptides for molecular imaging and targeted therapy. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:6144-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01599g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schroeder RPJ, de Visser M, van Weerden WM, de Ridder CMA, Reneman S, Melis M, Breeman WAP, Krenning EP, de Jong M. Androgen-regulated gastrin-releasing peptide receptor expression in androgen-dependent human prostate tumor xenografts. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:2826-34. [PMID: 19876914 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human prostate cancer (PC) overexpresses the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). Radiolabeled GRPR-targeting analogs of bombesin (BN) have successfully been introduced as potential tracers for visualization and treatment of GRPR-overexpressing tumors. A previous study showed GRPR-mediated binding of radiolabeled BN analogs in androgen-dependent but not in androgen-independent xenografts representing the more advanced stages of PC. We have further investigated the effect of androgen modulation on GRPR-expression in three androgen-dependent human PC-bearing xenografts: PC295, PC310 and PC82 using the androgen-independent PC3-model as a reference. Effects of androgen regulation on GRPR expression were initially studied on tumors obtained from our biorepository of xenograft tissues performing reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and autoradiography ((125)I-universal-BN). A prospective biodistribution study ((111)In-MP2653) and subsequent autoradiography ((125)I-GRP and (111)In-MP2248) was than performed in castrated and testosterone resupplemented tumor-bearing mice. For all androgen-dependent xenografts, tumor uptake and binding decreased drastically after 7 days of castration. Resupplementation of testosterone to castrated animals restored GRPR expression extensively. Similar findings were concluded from the initial autoradiography and RT-PCR studies. Results from RT-PCR, for which human specific primers are used, indicate that variations in GRPR expression can be ascribed to mRNA downregulation and not to castration-induced reduction in the epithelial fraction of the xenograft tumor tissue. In conclusion, expression of human GRPR in androgen-dependent PC xenografts is reduced by androgen ablation and is reversed by restoring the hormonal status of the animals. This knowledge suggests that hormonal therapy may affect GRPR expression in PC tissue making GRPR-based imaging and therapy especially suitable for non-hormonally treated PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier P J Schroeder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molenwaterplein 50, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Cadmium electrodeposition on copper substrate for cyclotron production of 111In radionuclide. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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A standardised study to compare prostate cancer targeting efficacy of five radiolabelled bombesin analogues. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010; 37:1386-96. [PMID: 20182713 PMCID: PMC2886136 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-010-1388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening for prostate cancer (PC) has dramatically increased early diagnosis. Current imaging techniques are not optimal to stage early PC adequately. A promising alternative to PC imaging is peptide-based scintigraphy using radiolabelled bombesin (BN) analogues that bind to gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) being overexpressed in PC. When labelled to appropriate radionuclides BN targeting of GRPRs may also provide applications for peptide radionuclide receptor therapy (PRRT). Assessment studies under identical experimental conditions allowing a reliable comparison of the potential of such analogues are lacking. This study was performed to evaluate and directly compare five promising radiolabelled BN analogues for their targeting efficacy for PC under standardised conditions. Methods The BN agonists [111In]DOTA-PESIN, [111In]AMBA, [111In]MP2346 and [111In]MP2653 and one antagonist [99mTc]Demobesin-1 were evaluated in GRPR-overexpressing human PC-3 tumour-bearing mice to determine peptide stability in vivo, biodistribution and GRPR targeting potential by animal SPECT/CT imaging and ex vivo autoradiography. Results HPLC analysis of blood showed intact Demobesin-1 at 5 and 15 min after injection (64.1 ± 1.6% and 41.0 ± 01%, respectively) being much less for the other compounds. AMBA, the second most stable analogue, showed 36.1 ± 2.7% and 9.8 ± 1.1% intact peptide after 5 and 15 min. PC-3 tumour uptake at 1 h was comparable for Demobesin-1, AMBA, PESIN and MP2346 (3.0 ± 0.4, 2.7 ± 0.5, 2.3 ± 0.5 and 2.1 ± 0.9%ID/g, respectively), but very low for MP2653 (0.9 ± 0.2%ID/g). In addition, MP2346 showed undesirably high uptake in the kidneys (7.9 ± 1.9%ID/g) being significantly less for the other analogues. AMBA, MP2346 and PESIN revealed favourable increases in tumour to blood ratios over time while changes in tumour to kidney and pancreas ratios for Demobesin-1 from 1 to 24 h after injection were significantly better than for the other analogues. All analogues visualised PC-3 tumours by SPECT/CT and autoradiography. Conclusion In the present study the BN antagonist Demobesin-1 was the best performing analogue showing superior in vivo stability, highest tumour uptake and retention while pancreatic and renal clearance were rapid. PESIN and AMBA were the best GRP agonists with sufficient in vivo stabilities as well as high tumour uptake and retention. Based on these results all three analogues deserve further evaluation for clinical use in PC patients.
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Li X, Lv Y, Yuan A, Li Z. Gastrin-releasing peptide links stressor to cancer progression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 136:483-91. [PMID: 20140628 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) plays an important role in cancer growth and metastasis; however, the mechanisms of how GRP affects cancer progression are not well understood. Recent studies revealed that chronic stress is a major risk factor for cancer progression, and this effect may be mediated by GRP. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms and implications of GRP linking stressor to cancer progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrieved the studies of the relationship between GRP, stress and cancers through PubMed using systematic methods to search, select, and evaluate the findings. RESULTS The results suggested that GRP can mediate the effects of stress on cancers at systemic, tissue and cellular levels: Stress elicits the secretion of GRP in the brain and GRP in turn activates the stress response pathways resulting in an elevation of stress hormones and GRP in the plasma and tissues. GRP in synergy with stress hormones stimulates the growth and invasion of cancer cells by suppressing the anti-tumor immune function and directly activating the pro-proliferative and pro-migratory signaling pathways in cancer cells. CONCLUSION GRP is a multi-functional peptide, which acts as a stress mediator as well as a growth factor linking stressor to cancer progression. GRP and its high-affinity receptor are useful targets for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277, West Yanta Road, 710061, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Impact of bifunctional chelators on biological properties of 111In-labeled cyclic peptide RGD dimers. Amino Acids 2010; 41:1059-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ho CL, Chen LC, Lee WC, Chiu SP, Hsu WC, Wu YH, Yeh CH, Stabin MG, Jan ML, Lin WJ, Lee TW, Chang CH. Receptor-Binding, Biodistribution, Dosimetry, and Micro-SPECT/CT Imaging of 111In-[DTPA1, Lys3, Tyr4]-Bombesin Analog in Human Prostate Tumor-Bearing Mice. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2009.0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Li Ho
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Liang-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wan-Chi Lee
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Pei Chiu
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chuan Hsu
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hsien Wu
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Hsin Yeh
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | - Meei-Ling Jan
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wuu-Jyh Lin
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Te-Wei Lee
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Hsien Chang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Ho CL, Chen LC, Lee WC, Chiu SP, Hsu WC, Wu YH, Yeh CH, Stabin MG, Jan ML, Lin WJ, Lee TW, Chang CH. Receptor-binding, Biodistribution, Dosimetry, and Micro-SPECT/CT Imaging of111In-[DTPA1, Lys3, Tyr4]-Bombesin Analog in Human Prostate Tumor-Bearing Mice. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2009; 24:435-43. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2008.0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Li Ho
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Liang-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wan-Chi Lee
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Pei Chiu
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chuan Hsu
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hsien Wu
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Hsin Yeh
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | - Meei-Ling Jan
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wuu-Jyh Lin
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Te-Wei Lee
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Hsien Chang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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de Jong M, Breeman WAP, Kwekkeboom DJ, Valkema R, Krenning EP. Tumor imaging and therapy using radiolabeled somatostatin analogues. Acc Chem Res 2009; 42:873-80. [PMID: 19445476 DOI: 10.1021/ar800188e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging plays an essential role in balancing the clinical benefits and risks of radionuclide-based cancer therapy. To effectively treat individual patients, careful assessment of biodistribution, dosimetry, and toxicity is essential. In this Account, we describe advances that combine features of molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy to provide new avenues toward individualized cancer treatment. Selective receptor-targeting radiopeptides have emerged as an important class of radiopharmaceuticals for molecular imaging and therapy of tumors that overexpress peptide receptors on the cell membrane. After such peptides labeled with gamma-emitting radionuclides bind to their receptors, they allow clinicians to visualize receptor-expressing tumors non-invasively. Peptides labeled with beta-particle emitters could also eradicate receptor-expressing tumors. The somatostatin receptors, which are overexpressed in a majority of neuroendocrine tumors, represent the first and best example of targets for radiopeptide-based imaging and radionuclide therapy. The somatostatin analogue (111)In-octreotide permits the localization and staging of neuroendocrine tumors that express the appropriate somatostatin receptors. Newer modified somatostatin analogues, including Tyr(3)-octreotide and Tyr(3)-octreotate, are successfully being used for tumor imaging and radionuclide therapy. Because there are few effective therapies for patients with inoperable or metastasized neuroendocrine tumors, this therapy is a promising novel treatment option for these patients. Peptide receptor imaging and radionuclide therapy can be combined in a single probe, called a "theranostic". To select patients who are likely to benefit from this type of intervention, we first use a peptide analogue labeled with a diagnostic radionuclide to obtain a scan. Selected patients will be treated using the same or a similar peptide analogue labeled with a therapeutic radionuclide. The development of such theranostics could greatly advance the development of personalized treatments. Apart from patient selection for radionuclide therapy, other imaging applications of targeted radiopeptides include localization of primary tumors, detection of metastatic disease (staging/restaging), dosimetry (prediction of response and radiotoxicity), monitoring effects of surgery, radio(nuclide)therapy or chemotherapy, and detection of progression of disease or relapse (follow up). For further evaluation of tumor receptor expression and to increase the value of cancer targeting using radiopeptides, researchers have introduced and evaluated different radiolabeled analogues of other peptide families, such as cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin, bombesin, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and neuropeptide (NP)-Y analogues. We expect improvements in the development of new peptide analogues: such advances could reduce side effects and allow for the use of combination therapy (for example, combining radiopeptide analogues with chemotherapeutics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion de Jong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dik J. Kwekkeboom
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelf Valkema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric P. Krenning
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Schottelius M, Wester HJ. Molecular imaging targeting peptide receptors. Methods 2009; 48:161-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2009.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Schroeder RPJ, van Weerden WM, Bangma C, Krenning EP, de Jong M. Peptide receptor imaging of prostate cancer with radiolabelled bombesin analogues. Methods 2009; 48:200-4. [PMID: 19398012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PC) is a type of cancer that is often diagnosed at very early stages due to improved detection among man in the Western world. Current imaging techniques are not optimal to determine extent of minimal early stage PC even though this is of great clinical importance. Human PC and high-grade PIN have shown high Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor (GRPR) expression, while normal prostate tissue and BPH revealed to be predominantly GRPR-negative. Radiolabelled Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) or bombesin (BN) analogues targeting the GRPR can be used as non-invasive tools to diagnose, monitor and potentially treat PC. These BN analogues have already proven to be able to image PC in both tumour-bearing mice and clinical patients showing no important side effects. It's desirable that new peptides require fast-track standardised comparative testing in relevant PC models to select the best performing BN analogues for further evaluation in patients. Although knowledge about GRPR expression and development of new BN analogues can be extended, it is time to study performance of BN analogues for peptide receptor based imaging in patients validating results of PC imaging using histopathology as a golden standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P J Schroeder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jadvar
- From the USC Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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45
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Juran S, Walther M, Stephan H, Bergmann R, Steinbach J, Kraus W, Emmerling F, Comba P. Hexadentate Bispidine Derivatives as Versatile Bifunctional Chelate Agents for Copper(II) Radioisotopes. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:347-59. [DOI: 10.1021/bc800461e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Juran
- Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmacy, PF 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung and -prüfung, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany, and Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Walther
- Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmacy, PF 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung and -prüfung, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany, and Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmacy, PF 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung and -prüfung, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany, and Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmacy, PF 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung and -prüfung, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany, and Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmacy, PF 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung and -prüfung, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany, and Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Werner Kraus
- Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmacy, PF 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung and -prüfung, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany, and Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmacy, PF 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung and -prüfung, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany, and Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Comba
- Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmacy, PF 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung and -prüfung, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany, and Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Abd-Elgaliel WR, Gallazzi F, Garrison JC, Rold TL, Sieckman GL, Figueroa SD, Hoffman TJ, Lever SZ. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of an antagonist-bombesin analogue as targeting vector. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:2040-8. [PMID: 18808168 DOI: 10.1021/bc800290c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R) is overexpressed on a number of tumors and cancer cell lines including pancreas, prostate, breast, gastrointestinal, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Radiolabeled bombesin (BBN) analogues have exhibited high binding affinity and specificity to the GRP-R. A bombesin analogue with an antagonist targeting vector at the C-terminus, DOTA-aminohexanoyl-[D-Phe(6), Leu-NHCH 2CH 2CH3(13), des Met(14)] BBN[6-14] (1, "Bomproamide"), has been synthesized and displays high binding affinity (IC50 = 1.36 +/- 0.09 nM) against (125)I-Tyr (4)-BBN in in vitro competitive assays using PC-3 cells. Maximum internalization of (111)In-1 reached 14% in PC-3 cells after 45 min of incubation. Rapid (0.25 h PI) and high (12.21 +/- 3.2%ID/g) pancreatic uptake of (111)In-1 was observed in healthy CF-1 mice, and 90% of the activity was blocked by coinjection of 100 mug of BBN. Rapid (0.25 h PI) and high uptake (6.90 +/- 1.06%ID/g) was observed in PC-3 prostate cancer xenografts in SCID mice, as well as visualized clearly in a SPECT/CT study. These results support the use of a bombesin construct with an antagonist C-terminal vector as a candidate of choice for specific in vivo imaging of tumors overexpressing GRP-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael R Abd-Elgaliel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
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Lane SR, Veerendra B, Rold TL, Sieckman GL, Hoffman TJ, Jurisson SS, Smith CJ. 99mTc(CO)3-DTMA bombesin conjugates having high affinity for the GRP receptor. Nucl Med Biol 2008; 35:263-72. [PMID: 18355681 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Targeted diagnosis of specific human cancer types continues to be of significant interest in nuclear medicine. 99mTc is ideally suited as a diagnostic radiometal for in vivo tumor targeting due to its ideal physical characteristics and diverse labeling chemistries in numerous oxidation states. METHODS In this study, we report a synthetic approach toward design of a new tridentate amine ligand for the organometallic aqua-ion [99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+. The new chelating ligand framework, 2-(N,N'-Bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)diethylenetriamine) acetic acid (DTMA), was synthesized from a diethylenetriamine precursor and fully characterized by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C). DTMA was conjugated to H2N-(X)-BBN(7-14)NH2, where X=an amino acid or aliphatic pharmacokinetic modifier and BBN=bombesin peptide, by means of solid phase peptide synthesis. DTMA-(X)-BBN(7-14)NH2 conjugates were purified by reversed-phase high-performance chromatography and characterized by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. RESULTS The new conjugates were radiolabeled with [99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+ produced via Isolink radiolabeling kits to produce [99mTc(CO)3-DTMA-(X)-BBN(7-14)NH2]. Radiolabeled conjugates were purified by reversed-phase high-performance chromatography. Effective receptor binding behavior was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS [99mTc(CO)3-DTMA-(X)-BBN(7-14)NH2] conjugates displayed very high affinity for the gastrin releasing peptide receptor in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, these conjugates hold some propensity to be investigated as molecular imaging agents that specifically target human cancers uniquely expressing the gastrin releasing peptide receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Lane
- Research Division, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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de Visser M, Verwijnen SM, de Jong M. Update:Improvement Strategies for Peptide Receptor Scintigraphy and Radionuclide Therapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2008; 23:137-57. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2007.0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monique de Visser
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Jensen RT, Battey JF, Spindel ER, Benya RV. International Union of Pharmacology. LXVIII. Mammalian bombesin receptors: nomenclature, distribution, pharmacology, signaling, and functions in normal and disease states. Pharmacol Rev 2008; 60:1-42. [PMID: 18055507 PMCID: PMC2517428 DOI: 10.1124/pr.107.07108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian bombesin receptor family comprises three G protein-coupled heptahelical receptors: the neuromedin B (NMB) receptor (BB(1)), the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor (BB(2)), and the orphan receptor bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3) (BB(3)). Each receptor is widely distributed, especially in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and central nervous system (CNS), and the receptors have a large range of effects in both normal physiology and pathophysiological conditions. The mammalian bombesin peptides, GRP and NMB, demonstrate a broad spectrum of pharmacological/biological responses. GRP stimulates smooth muscle contraction and GI motility, release of numerous GI hormones/neurotransmitters, and secretion and/or hormone release from the pancreas, stomach, colon, and numerous endocrine organs and has potent effects on immune cells, potent growth effects on both normal tissues and tumors, potent CNS effects, including regulation of circadian rhythm, thermoregulation; anxiety/fear responses, food intake, and numerous CNS effects on the GI tract as well as the spinal transmission of chronic pruritus. NMB causes contraction of smooth muscle, has growth effects in various tissues, has CNS effects, including effects on feeding and thermoregulation, regulates thyroid-stimulating hormone release, stimulates various CNS neurons, has behavioral effects, and has effects on spinal sensory transmission. GRP, and to a lesser extent NMB, affects growth and/or differentiation of various human tumors, including colon, prostate, lung, and some gynecologic cancers. Knockout studies show that BB(3) has important effects in energy balance, glucose homeostasis, control of body weight, lung development and response to injury, tumor growth, and perhaps GI motility. This review summarizes advances in our understanding of the biology/pharmacology of these receptors, including their classification, structure, pharmacology, physiology, and role in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Moody TW, Pradhan T, Mantey SA, Jensen RT, Dyba M, Moody D, Tarasova NI, Michejda CJ. Bombesin marine toxin conjugates inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells. Life Sci 2008; 82:855-61. [PMID: 18336841 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hemiasterlin (Hem) and dolastatin (Dol) are marine natural products which are cytotoxic for cancer cells. Hem, a tripeptide, and Dol, a hexapeptide, were conjugated with linkers (L) to the universal BB agonist DPhe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-betaAla-His-Phe-Nle-NH2(BA1) and the effects of the Hem-BB and Dol-BB conjugates investigated on NCI-H1299 lung cancer cells. Hem-LA-BA1 and Hem-LB-BA1 inhibited specific (125I-Tyr4)BB binding to NCI-H1299 cells, which have BB2 receptors (R), with IC50 values of 15 and 25 nM, respectively. Addition of Hem-LA-BA1 and Hem-LB-BA1 to Fura-2 AM loaded cells containing BB2R, caused elevated cytosolic Ca2+. In a growth assay, Hem-LA-BA1 and Hem-LB-BA1 inhibited the proliferation of NCI-H1299 cells. Dol-succinamide (Dols)-LD-BA1 and Dols-LE-BA1 bound with high affinity to NCI-H1299 cells and elevated cytosolic Ca2+, but did not inhibit the proliferation of NCI-H1299 cells. Also, Hem-LA-BA1 inhibited 125I-DTyr-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-betaAla-His-Phe-Nle-NH2 (BA2) binding to Balb/3T3 cells transfected with BB1R or BB2R as well as with BRS-3 with IC50 values of 130, 8, and 540 nM, respectively. These results show that Hem-BB conjugates are cytotoxic for cancer cells containing BB2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Moody
- Department of Health and Human Services, NCI Office of the Director, CCR, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
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