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Zhang M, Kang F, Xing T, Wang J, Ma T, Li G, Quan Z, Yang W, Chen X, Wang J. First-in-human validation of enzymolysis clearance strategy for decreasing renal radioactivity using modified [ 68Ga]Ga-HER2 Affibody. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1713-1724. [PMID: 38216779 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enzymolysis clearance strategy, characterized by releasing the non-reabsorbable radioactive fragment under the specific cleavage of enzymes, is confirmed to be a safe and effective way to reduce the renal radioactivity accumulation in mice. However, the effectiveness of this strategy in humans remains unknown. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in various types of tumors, and radiolabeled HER2 Affibody is believed to be an attractive tool for HER2-targeted theranostics. However, its wide application is limited by the high and persistent renal uptake. In this study, we intend to validate the effectiveness of enzymolysis clearance strategy in reducing renal accumulation by using a modified HER2 Affibody. MATERIALS AND METHODS A new HER2 Affibody ligand, NOTA-MVK-ZHER2:2891, containing a cleavable Met-Val-Lys (MVK) linker was synthesized and labeled with 68Ga. The microPET imaging study was performed in SKOV-3 tumor mice to assess the uptakes of the control ligand and the MVK one in tumors and kidneys. Seven healthy volunteers were included for biodistribution and dosimetric studies with both the control and MVK ligands performed 1 week apart. Urine and blood samples from healthy volunteers were collected for in vivo metabolism study of the two ligands. Four HER2-positive and two HER2-negative patients were recruited for [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-MVK-ZHER2:2891 PET/CT imaging at 2 and 4 h post-injection (p.i.). RESULTS [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-MVK-ZHER2:2891 was stable both in PBS and in mouse serum. MicroPET images showed that the tumor uptake of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-MVK-ZHER2:2891 was comparable to that of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-ZHER2:2891 at all the time points, while the kidney uptake was significantly reduced 40 min p.i. (P < 0.05). The biodistribution study in healthy volunteers showed that the kidney uptake of MVK ligand was significantly lower than that of the control ligand at 1 h p.i. (P < 0.05), with the SUVmean of 34.3 and 45.8, respectively, while the uptakes of the two ligands in the other organs showed negligible difference. The effective doses of the MVK ligand and the control one were 26.1 and 28.7 µSv/MBq, respectively. The enzymolysis fragment of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-Met-OH was observed in the urine samples of healthy volunteers injected with the MVK ligand, indicating that the enzymolysis clearance strategy worked in humans. The PET/CT study of patients showed that the range of SUVmax of HER2-positive lesions was 9.4-21, while that of HER2-negative lesions was 2.7-6.2, which suggested that the MVK modification did not affect the ability of ZHER2:2891 structure to bind with HER2. CONCLUSION We for the first time demonstrated that enzymolysis clearance strategy can effectively reduce renal radioactivity accumulation in humans. This strategy is expected to decrease renal radiation dose of peptide and small protein-based radiotracers, especially in the field of radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingru Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Fei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Tong Xing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Taoqi Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Guiyu Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Quan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shannxi, China.
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Tolmachev VM, Chernov VI, Deyev SM. Targeted nuclear medicine. Seek and destroy. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Uehara T, Kanazawa N, Suzuki C, Mizuno Y, Suzuki H, Hanaoka H, Arano Y. Renal Handling of 99mTc-Labeled Antibody Fab Fragments with a Linkage Cleavable by Enzymes on Brush Border Membrane. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2618-2627. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Uehara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Naoki Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Chie Suzuki
- Preeminent Medical Photonics, Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University, School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Higashi-ku, Hamamtsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yuki Mizuno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Department of Bioimaging Information Analysis, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yasushi Arano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Garousi J, von Witting E, Borin J, Vorobyeva A, Altai M, Vorontsova O, Konijnenberg MW, Oroujeni M, Orlova A, Tolmachev V, Hober S. Radionuclide therapy using ABD-fused ADAPT scaffold protein: Proof of Principle. Biomaterials 2020; 266:120381. [PMID: 33120197 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular recognition in targeted therapeutics is typically based on immunoglobulins. Development of engineered scaffold proteins (ESPs) has provided additional opportunities for the development of targeted therapies. ESPs offer inexpensive production in prokaryotic hosts, high stability and convenient approaches to modify their biodistribution. In this study, we demonstrated successful modification of the biodistribution of an ESP known as ADAPT (Albumin-binding domain Derived Affinity ProTein). ADAPTs are selected from a library based on the scaffold of ABD (Albumin Binding Domain) of protein G. A particular ADAPT, the ADAPT6, binds to human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) with high affinity. Preclinical and early clinical studies have demonstrated that radiolabeled ADAPT6 can image HER2-expression in tumors with high contrast. However, its rapid glomerular filtration and high renal reabsorption have prevented its use in radionuclide therapy. To modify the biodistribution, ADAPT6 was genetically fused to an ABD. The non-covalent binding to the host's albumin resulted in a 14-fold reduction of renal uptake and appreciable increase of tumor uptake for the best variant, 177Lu-DOTA-ADAPT6-ABD035. Experimental therapy in mice bearing HER2-expressing xenografts demonstrated more than two-fold increase of median survival even after a single injection of 18 MBq 177Lu-DOTA-ADAPT6-ABD035. Thus, a fusion with ABD and optimization of the molecular design provides ADAPT derivatives with attractive targeting properties for radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Garousi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma von Witting
- Department of Protein Technology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Borin
- Department of Protein Technology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anzhelika Vorobyeva
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden; Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mohamed Altai
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olga Vorontsova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark W Konijnenberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Oroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden; Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Sophia Hober
- Department of Protein Technology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gapizov SS, Petrovskaya LE, Shingarova LN, Kryukova EA, Boldyreva EF, Lukashev EP, Yakimov SA, Svirshchevskaya EV, Dolgikh DA, Kirpichnikov MP. Fusion with an albumin-binding domain improves pharmacokinetics of an αvβ3-integrin binding fibronectin scaffold protein. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:617-625. [PMID: 31140614 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fusion with an albumin-binding domain (ABD) of streptococcal protein G represents a popular approach for half-life extension of small protein therapeutics in the organism. To increase the circulation time of engineered αvβ3-integrin-binding protein (JCL) based on the 10th human fibronectin type III domain (10 Fn3), we have constructed several fusions with ABD with different orientations of the partner proteins and linker length. The recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli cells and purified by nickel-affinity chromatography. All fusion proteins bound human serum albumin (HSA) in ELISA assay; however, fusions with longer linkers demonstrated better performance. Interaction of ABD-L15 -JCL and JCL-L14 -ABD with HSA was confirmed by analytical size exclusion chromatography and pull-down assays. Surprisingly, the thermal stability of ABD-L15 -JCL was dramatically decreased in comparison with JCL and JCL-L14 -ABD proteins. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that JCL-L14 -ABD circulated in murine blood about 10 times longer than ABD-L15 -JCL and 960 times longer than JCL. Biodistribution studies of JCL-L14 -ABD in mice revealed its increased level in blood and a decreased accumulation in liver and kidneys in comparison with JCL. Obtained results demonstrate the utility of the fusion with ABD for half-life extension of the binding proteins based on 10 Fn3.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sh Gapizov
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - L E Petrovskaya
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - L N Shingarova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E A Kryukova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E F Boldyreva
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E P Lukashev
- Department of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - S A Yakimov
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E V Svirshchevskaya
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D A Dolgikh
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M P Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Abstract
Radiometals possess an exceptional breadth of decay properties and have been applied to medicine with great success for several decades. The majority of current clinical use involves diagnostic procedures, which use either positron-emission tomography (PET) or single-photon imaging to detect anatomic abnormalities that are difficult to visualize using conventional imaging techniques (e.g., MRI and X-ray). The potential of therapeutic radiometals has more recently been realized and relies on ionizing radiation to induce irreversible DNA damage, resulting in cell death. In both cases, radiopharmaceutical development has been largely geared toward the field of oncology; thus, selective tumor targeting is often essential for efficacious drug use. To this end, the rational design of four-component radiopharmaceuticals has become popularized. This Review introduces fundamental concepts of drug design and applications, with particular emphasis on bifunctional chelators (BFCs), which ensure secure consolidation of the radiometal and targeting vector and are integral for optimal drug performance. Also presented are detailed accounts of production, chelation chemistry, and biological use of selected main group and rare earth radiometals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I Kostelnik
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z1 , Canada
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Martins CD, Kramer-Marek G, Oyen WJG. Radioimmunotherapy for delivery of cytotoxic radioisotopes: current status and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 15:185-196. [PMID: 28893110 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1378180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with monoclonal antibodies and their fragments labelled with radionuclides emitting α -particles, β-particles or Auger electrons have been used for many years in the development of anticancer strategies. While RIT has resulted in approved radiopharmaceuticals for the treatment of hematological malignancies, its use in solid tumors still remains challenging. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the exciting progress towards elucidating the potential of current and novel radioimmunoconjugates and address the challenges for translation into clinical practice. EXPERT OPINION There are still technical and logistical challenges associated with the use of RIT in routine clinical practice, including development of novel and more specific targeting moieties, broader access α to α-emitters and better tailoring of pre-targeting approaches. Moreover, improved understanding of the heterogeneous nature of solid tumors and the critical role of tumor microenvironments will help to optimize clinical response to RIT by delivering sufficient radiation doses to even more radioresistant tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Daniel Martins
- a Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging , The Institute of Cancer Research , London , UK
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- a Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging , The Institute of Cancer Research , London , UK
| | - Wim J G Oyen
- a Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging , The Institute of Cancer Research , London , UK.,b The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust , Department of Nuclear Medicine , London , UK
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Mendler CT, Friedrich L, Laitinen I, Schlapschy M, Schwaiger M, Wester HJ, Skerra A. High contrast tumor imaging with radio-labeled antibody Fab fragments tailored for optimized pharmacokinetics via PASylation. MAbs 2015; 7:96-109. [PMID: 25484039 PMCID: PMC4622060 DOI: 10.4161/19420862.2014.985522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) of antibodies constitute established tracers for in vivo radiodiagnostics, their functionality is hampered by a very short circulation half-life. PASylation, the genetic fusion with a long, conformationally disordered amino acid chain comprising Pro, Ala and Ser, provides a convenient way to expand protein size and, consequently, retard renal filtration. Humanized αHER2 and αCD20 Fabs were systematically fused with 100 to 600 PAS residues and produced in E. coli. Cytofluorimetric titration analysis on tumor cell lines confirmed that antigen-binding activities of the parental antibodies were retained. The radio-iodinated PASylated Fabs were studied by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and biodistribution analysis in mouse tumor xenograft models. While the unmodified αHER2 and αCD20 Fabs showed weak tumor uptake (0.8% and 0.2% ID/g, respectively; 24 h p.i.) tumor-associated radioactivity was boosted with increasing PAS length (up to 9 and 26-fold, respectively), approaching an optimum for Fab-PAS400. Remarkably, 6- and 5-fold higher tumor-to-blood ratios compared with the unmodified Fabs were measured in the biodistribution analysis (48 h p.i.) for αHER2 Fab-PAS100 and Fab-PAS200, respectively. These findings were confirmed by PET studies, showing high imaging contrast in line with tumor-to-blood ratios of 12.2 and 5.7 (24 h p.i.) for αHER2 Fab-PAS100 and Fab-PAS200. Even stronger tumor signals were obtained with the corresponding αCD20 Fabs, both in PET imaging and biodistribution analysis, with an uptake of 2.8% ID/g for Fab-PAS100vs. 0.24% ID/g for the unmodified Fab. Hence, by engineering Fabs via PASylation, plasma half-life can be tailored to significantly improve tracer uptake and tumor contrast, thus optimally matching reagent/target interactions.
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Key Words
- ABD, albumin binding domain
- CD20
- CDC, complement-dependent cytotoxicity
- CDR, complementarity-determining region
- CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention effect
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Fab, antigen-binding fragment
- FcRn, neonatal Fc receptor
- HER2
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- ID, injected dose
- IDA, iminodiacetic acid
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- MIP, maximum intensity projection
- NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- PEGylation
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- RIT, radioimmuno therapy
- SEC, size exclusion chromatography
- SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography
- TLC, thin layer chromatography
- antibody fragment
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- p.i., post injection
- plasma half-life
- protein tracer
- scFv, single-chain variable antibody fragment
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia T Mendler
- a Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie ; Technische Universität München ; Freising-Weihenstephan , Germany
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Timmermand OV, Ulmert D, Evans-Axelsson S, Pettersson K, Bjartell A, Lilja H, Strand SE, Tran TA. Preclinical imaging of kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (hK2) in prostate cancer with a (111)In-radiolabelled monoclonal antibody, 11B6. EJNMMI Res 2014; 4:51. [PMID: 26116115 PMCID: PMC4452661 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-014-0051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death in the male population of the western world. Human kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (hK2) is abundantly expressed in malignant prostatic tissue, and its gene, KLK2, is regulated by the androgen receptor. 11B6 is a murine IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against free human hK2. In this study, we performed a preclinical evaluation of 111In-labelled 11B6 in mouse xenografts to investigate its potential in the clinical staging and assessment of metastatic prostate cancer. Methods 11B6 was radiolabelled with 111In through CHX-A″-DTPA chelation. In vivo biodistribution and uptake of 111In-DTPA-11B6 were measured until 168 h post-injection in NMRI nude mice bearing subcutaneous LNCaP xenografts. The binding specificity to hK2 was evaluated by both in vivo competitive binding assays with excess non-labelled 11B6 and hK2-negative DU145 xenografts. SPECT/CT imaging of subcutaneous and intra-tibial LNCaP xenografts was used to visualize the tumours. Results Tumour uptake of 111In-DTPA-11B6 in LNCaP xenografts was 19% ± 0.78%IA/g at 48 h, giving a tumour-to-blood ratio of 1.6, which increases to 2.4 at 1 week post-injection. Accumulation was low in other organs except for the salivary glands, which is probably the result of cross-reactivity with mouse kallikreins. Significantly lower tumour accumulation was observed in competitive assays and DU145 xenografts. SPECT/CT imaging could clearly visualize the subcutaneous and intra-tibial LNCaP xenografts. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the potential of 111In-DTPA-11B6 for the detection of metastatic prostate cancer and monitoring anti-androgen therapy, as it exhibits an increased uptake and accumulation in viable tumour when compared to normal tissue. A humanised version of the 11B6 monoclonal antibody is currently under evaluation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-014-0051-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Jensen AI, Binderup T, Kumar EK P, Kjær A, Rasmussen PH, Andresen TL. Positron Emission Tomography Based Analysis of Long-Circulating Cross-Linked Triblock Polymeric Micelles in a U87MG Mouse Xenograft Model and Comparison of DOTA and CB-TE2A as Chelators of Copper-64. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:1625-33. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401871w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas I. Jensen
- The
Hevesy Laboratory, DTU Nutech, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics,
DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Building 423, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tina Binderup
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging and Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear
Medicine, and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pramod Kumar EK
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics,
DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Building 423, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Cluster
for Molecular Imaging and Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear
Medicine, and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Palle H. Rasmussen
- The
Hevesy Laboratory, DTU Nutech, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas L. Andresen
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics,
DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Building 423, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Sihver W, Pietzsch J, Krause M, Baumann M, Steinbach J, Pietzsch HJ. Radiolabeled Cetuximab Conjugates for EGFR Targeted Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2014; 7:311-38. [PMID: 24603603 PMCID: PMC3978494 DOI: 10.3390/ph7030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has evolved over years into a main molecular target for the treatment of different cancer entities. In this regard, the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab has been approved alone or in combination with: (a) chemotherapy for treatment of colorectal and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and (b) with external radiotherapy for treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The conjugation of radionuclides to cetuximab in combination with the specific targeting properties of this antibody might increase its therapeutic efficiency. This review article gives an overview of the preclinical studies that have been performed with radiolabeled cetuximab for imaging and/or treatment of different tumor models. A particularly promising approach seems to be the treatment with therapeutic radionuclide-labeled cetuximab in combination with external radiotherapy. Present data support an important impact of the tumor micromilieu on treatment response that needs to be further validated in patients. Another important challenge is the reduction of nonspecific uptake of the radioactive substance in metabolic organs like liver and radiosensitive organs like bone marrow and kidneys. Overall, the integration of diagnosis, treatment and monitoring as a theranostic approach appears to be a promising strategy for improvement of individualized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Sihver
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany.
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany.
| | - Mechthild Krause
- Department of Radiation Oncology and OncoRay, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| | - Michael Baumann
- Department of Radiation Oncology and OncoRay, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, Dresden 01328, Germany.
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Abstract
Radiometals comprise many useful radioactive isotopes of various metallic elements. When properly harnessed, these have valuable emission properties that can be used for diagnostic imaging techniques, such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT, e.g.(67)Ga, (99m)Tc, (111)In, (177)Lu) and positron emission tomography (PET, e.g.(68)Ga, (64)Cu, (44)Sc, (86)Y, (89)Zr), as well as therapeutic applications (e.g.(47)Sc, (114m)In, (177)Lu, (90)Y, (212/213)Bi, (212)Pb, (225)Ac, (186/188)Re). A fundamental critical component of a radiometal-based radiopharmaceutical is the chelator, the ligand system that binds the radiometal ion in a tight stable coordination complex so that it can be properly directed to a desirable molecular target in vivo. This article is a guide for selecting the optimal match between chelator and radiometal for use in these systems. The article briefly introduces a selection of relevant and high impact radiometals, and their potential utility to the fields of radiochemistry, nuclear medicine, and molecular imaging. A description of radiometal-based radiopharmaceuticals is provided, and several key design considerations are discussed. The experimental methods by which chelators are assessed for their suitability with a variety of radiometal ions is explained, and a large selection of the most common and most promising chelators are evaluated and discussed for their potential use with a variety of radiometals. Comprehensive tables have been assembled to provide a convenient and accessible overview of the field of radiometal chelating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Price
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaV6T 1Z1.
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Orlova A, Jonsson A, Rosik D, Lundqvist H, Lindborg M, Abrahmsen L, Ekblad C, Frejd FY, Tolmachev V. Site-Specific Radiometal Labeling and Improved Biodistribution Using ABY-027, A Novel HER2-Targeting Affibody Molecule–Albumin-Binding Domain Fusion Protein. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:961-8. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.110700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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15
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177Lu-DO3A-HSA-Z EGFR:1907: characterization as a potential radiopharmaceutical for radionuclide therapy of EGFR-expressing head and neck carcinomas. J Biol Inorg Chem 2012; 17:709-18. [PMID: 22418921 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-012-0890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR) is an attractive target for radionuclide therapy of head and neck carcinomas. Affibody molecules against EGFR (Z(EGFR)) show excellent tumor localizations in imaging studies. However, one major drawback is that radiometal-labeled Affibody molecules display extremely high uptakes in the radiosensitive kidneys which may impact their use as radiotherapeutic agents. The purpose of this study is to further explore whether radiometal-labeled human serum albumin (HSA)-Z(EFGR) bioconjugates display desirable profiles for the use in radionuclide therapy of EGFR-positive head and neck carcinomas. The Z(EFGR) analog, Ac-Cys-Z(EGFR:1907), was site-specifically conjugated with HSA. The resulting bioconjugate 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (DO3A)-HSA-Z(EGFR:1907) was then radiolabeled with either (64)Cu or (177)Lu and subjected to in vitro cell uptake and internalization studies using the human oral squamous carcinoma cell line SAS. Positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and biodistribution studies were conducted using SAS-tumor-bearing mice. Cell studies revealed a high (8.43 ± 0.55 % at 4 h) and specific (0.95 ± 0.09 % at 4 h) uptake of (177)Lu-DO3A-HSA-Z(EGFR:1907) as determined by blocking with nonradioactive Z(EGFR:1907). The internalization of (177)Lu-DO3A-HSA-Z(EGFR:1907) was verified in vitro and found to be significantly higher than that of (177)Lu-labeled Z(EFGR) at 2-24 h of incubation. PET and SPECT studies showed good tumor imaging contrasts. The biodistribution of (177)Lu-DO3A-HSA-Z(EGFR:1907) in SAS-tumor-bearing mice displayed high tumor uptake (5.1 ± 0.44 % ID/g) and liver uptake (31.5 ± 7.66 % ID/g) and moderate kidney uptake (8.5 ± 1.08 % ID/g) at 72 h after injection. (177)Lu-DO3A-HSA-Z(EGFR:1907) shows promising in vivo profiles and may be a potential radiopharmaceutical for radionuclide therapy of EGFR-expressing head and neck carcinomas.
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Abstract
Affibody molecules are small and robust non-immunoglobulin affinity ligands capable of binding to a wide range of protein targets. They are selected from combinatorial libraries based on a 58 amino acid, three-alpha-helical Z-domain scaffold. They share no sequence or structural homologies to antibodies and in contrast to antibodies they can be functionally produced both by peptide synthesis and by recombinant expression in Escherichia coli. Protein engineering is used to adapt Affibody molecules binding to a target of interest to the specific demands imposed by the intended application. Obviously, the optimal molecule for molecular imaging will be different from the optimal molecule for therapy. Here, we describe general strategies to optimize Affibody molecules for diagnostic imaging and therapy applications.
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Malmberg J, Sandström M, Wester K, Tolmachev V, Orlova A. Comparative biodistribution of imaging agents for in vivo molecular profiling of disseminated prostate cancer in mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts: focus on 111In- and 125I-labeled anti-HER2 humanized monoclonal trastuzumab and ABY-025 Affibody. Nucl Med Biol 2011; 38:1093-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Fonge H, Huang H, Scollard D, Reilly RM, Allen C. Influence of formulation variables on the biodistribution of multifunctional block copolymer micelles. J Control Release 2011; 157:366-74. [PMID: 21982897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The physico-chemical characteristics and composition of block copolymer micelles (BCMs) may influence the pharmacokinetics and consequently, the desired delivery characteristics. In this study the influence of formulation variables such as size, density of targeting ligand [i.e. epidermal growth factor (hEGF)] and the bifunctional chelator (BFC) used for labelling the BCMs with (111)In, on the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in mice were evaluated. BCMs were prepared from Me-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y) (x=2.5 k, y=1.2 k for 15 nm BCMs and x=5 k, y=5 k for 60 nm BCMs) with (targeted, 1 or 5 mol% hEGF) or without (non-targeted) hEGF-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y). To investigate the effect of the BFC on the pharmacokinetics, the BCMs were labelled with (111)In using p-SCN-Bn-DOTA (Bn-DOTA-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y)), H(2)N-DOTA (DOTA-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y)), DTPA anhydride (DTPA-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y)) or p-SCN-Bn-DTPA (Bn-DTPA-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y)). The resulting 15 nm or 60 nm non-targeted or targeted (1 or 5 mol% hEGF) were injected via a tail vein to mice bearing MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer xenograft that overexpress EGFR, followed by pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by fitting the blood concentration vs time data using a two compartment model with i.v. bolus input. Pharmacokinetic parameters were found to depend on BCM size, the BFC used as well as the density of hEGF on the surface of the BCMs. BCMs labelled with p-SCN-Bn-DTPA ((111)In-Bn-BCMs) showed improved pharmacokinetics (i.e. extended circulation lifetime) and tumor uptake compared to those labelled with DOTA-PEG(x)-b-PCL(y), p-SCN-Bn-DOTA or DTPA dianhydride. Formulations with a high density of hEGF (5 mol% hEGF) had short circulation half-lives. BCMs labelled with (111)In via p-SCN-Bn-DTPA showed highest accumulation in the liver and spleen and slower whole body elimination. Smaller sized BCMs were rapidly cleared from the circulation. Increasing the density of hEGF on the surface did not improve tumor uptake due to faster clearance from the circulation. To achieve improved pharmacokinetics and in turn effective exploitation of the EPR effect, p-SCN-Bn-DTPA emerged as the optimal BFC for radiolabelling BCMs while a lower density of hEGF gave more favourable organ distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humphrey Fonge
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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19
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Hoppmann S, Miao Z, Liu S, Liu H, Ren G, Bao A, Cheng Z. Radiolabeled affibody-albumin bioconjugates for HER2-positive cancer targeting. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:413-21. [PMID: 21299201 DOI: 10.1021/bc100432h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Affibody molecules have received significant attention in the fields of molecular imaging and drug development. However, Affibody scaffolds display an extremely high renal uptake, especially when modified with chelators and then labeled with radiometals. This unfavorable property may impact their use as radiotherapeutic agents in general and as imaging probes for the detection of tumors adjacent to kidneys in particular. Herein, we present a simple and generalizable strategy for reducing the renal uptake of Affibody molecules while maintaining their tumor uptake. Human serum albumin (HSA) was consecutively modified by 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid mono-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (DOTA-NHS ester) and the bifunctional cross-linker sulfosuccinimidyl 4-[N-maleimidomethyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (Sulfo-SMCC). The HER2 Affibody analogue, Ac-Cys-Z(HER2:342), was covalently conjugated with HSA, and the resulting bioconjugate DOTA-HSA-Z(HER2:342) was further radiolabeled with ⁶⁴Cu and ¹¹¹In and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Radiolabeled DOTA-HSA-Z(HER2:342) conjugates displayed a significant and specific cell uptake into SKOV3 cell cultures. Positron emission tomography (PET) investigations using ⁶⁴Cu-DOTA-HSA-Z(HER2:342) were performed in SKOV3 tumor-bearing nude mice. High tumor uptake values (>14% ID/g at 24 and 48 h) and high liver accumulations but low kidney accumulations were observed. Biodistribution studies and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) investigations using ¹¹¹In-DOTA-HSA-Z(HER2:342) validated these results. At 24 h post injection, the biodistribution data revealed high tumor (16.26% ID/g) and liver (14.11% ID/g) uptake but relatively low kidney uptake (6.06% ID/g). Blocking studies with coinjected, nonlabeled Ac-Cys-Z(HER2:342) confirmed the in vivo specificity of HER2. Radiolabeled DOTA-HSA-Z(HER2:342) Affibody conjugates are promising SPECT and PET-type probes for the imaging of HER2 positive cancer. More importantly, DOTA-HSA-Z(HER2:342) is suitable for labeling with therapeutic radionuclides (e.g., ⁹⁰Y or ¹⁷⁷Lu) for treatment studies. The approach of using HSA to optimize the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution profile of Affibodies may be extended to the design of many other targeting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hoppmann
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
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Vervoort L, Burvenich I, Staelens S, Dumolyn C, Waegemans E, Van Steenkiste M, Baird SK, Scott AM, De Vos F. Preclinical evaluation of monoclonal antibody 14C5 for targeting pancreatic cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2010; 25:193-205. [PMID: 20423233 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2009.0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of radiolabeled antibodies that are able to target primary tumors as well as metastatic tumor sites with minimal reactivity to normal tissues is a promising approach for treating pancreatic cancer. In this study, the integrin alpha(v)beta(5) is studied as a target for the diagnosis of and potential therapy for human pancreatic cancer by using the radiolabeled murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) 14C5. Biopsy specimens from human pancreatic tumors were examined for the expression of the integrin alpha(v)beta(5). The pancreatic tumor cell line Capan-1 was used to test the in vitro targeting potency of mAb 14C5 labeled with 125/131-iodine and 111-indium. Internalization, retention, and metabolism were investigated in cellular radioimmunoassays. Biodistribution and tumor-targeting characteristics were studied in Capan-1 xenografts. All tumor sections were positive for the integrin alpha(v)beta(5), with an extensive positive staining of the stroma. Saturation binding experiments showed high affinity with comparable K(d)s. In vitro internalization experiments showed a longer intracellular retention of (111)In-p-benzyl isothiocyanate-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (p-SCN-Bz-DOTA)-14C5 in comparison to (125)I-14C5 and (111)In-p-isothiocyanatobenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (p-SCN-Bz-DTPA)-14C5. In vivo radioisotope tumor uptake was maximum at 48-72 hours, with the uptake of (111)In-p-SCN-Bz-DOTA-14C5 (35.84 +/- 8.64 percentage of injected dose per g [%ID/g]) being 3.9- and 2.2-folds higher than (131)I-14C5 (12.16 +/- 1.03%ID/g) and (111)In-p-SCN-Bz-DTPA-14C5 (14.30 +/- 3.76%ID/g), respectively. Planar gamma imaging with mAb 14C5 indicated clear localization of the pancreatic tumors versus minimal normal tissue uptake. mAb 14C5 is a promising new antibody for targeting the integrin alpha(v)beta(5) for the diagnosis of and potential therapy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbet Vervoort
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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Johnson S, Burke S, Huang L, Gorlatov S, Li H, Wang W, Zhang W, Tuaillon N, Rainey J, Barat B, Yang Y, Jin L, Ciccarone V, Moore PA, Koenig S, Bonvini E. Effector cell recruitment with novel Fv-based dual-affinity re-targeting protein leads to potent tumor cytolysis and in vivo B-cell depletion. J Mol Biol 2010; 399:436-49. [PMID: 20382161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies capable of redirecting the lytic potential of immune effector cells to kill tumor targets have long been recognized as a potentially potent biological therapeutic intervention. Unfortunately, efforts to produce such molecules have been limited owing to inefficient production and poor stability properties. Here, we describe a novel Fv-derived strategy based on a covalently linked bispecific diabody structure that we term dual-affinity re-targeting (DART). As a model system, we linked an Fv specific for human CD16 (FcgammaRIII) on effector cells to an Fv specific for mouse or human CD32B (FcgammaRIIB), a normal B-cell and tumor target antigen. DART proteins were produced at high levels in mammalian cells, retained the binding activity of the respective parental Fv domains as well as bispecific binding, and showed extended storage and serum stability. Functionally, the DART molecules demonstrated extremely potent, dose-dependent cytotoxicity in retargeting human PBMC against B-lymphoma cell lines as well as in mediating autologous B-cell depletion in culture. In vivo studies in mice demonstrated effective B-cell depletion that was dependent on the transgenic expression of both CD16A on the effector cells and CD32B on the B-cell targets. Furthermore, DART proteins showed potent in vivo protective activity in a human Burkitt's lymphoma cell xenograft model. Thus, DART represents a biologically potent format that provides a versatile platform for generating bispecific antibody fragments for redirected killing and, with the selection of appropriate binding partners, applications outside of tumor cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syd Johnson
- MacroGenics, Inc., 1500 East Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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