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Ciccone LP, Franzetti J, Bonora M, Ronchi S, Camarda AM, Charalampopoulou A, Facoetti A, Bazani A, Magro G, Vischioni B, Locati LD, Licitra L, Sauerwein WAG, Orlandi E. Charged particle radiotherapy for thyroid cancer. A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 202:104463. [PMID: 39098367 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in thyroid cancer (TC) remains contentious due to limited data. Retrospective studies suggest adjuvant EBRT benefits high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and limited-stage anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), enhancing locoregional control and progression-free survival when combined with surgery and chemotherapy. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and particle therapy (PT), including protons, carbon ions, and Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), represent advances in TC treatment. Following PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed 471 studies from January 2002 to January 2024, selecting 14 articles (10 preclinical, 4 clinical). Preclinical research focused on BNCT in ATC mouse models, showing promising local control rates. Clinical studies explored proton, neutron, or photon radiotherapy, reporting favorable outcomes and manageable toxicity. While PT shows promise supported by biological rationale, further research is necessary to clarify its role and potential combination with systemic treatments in TC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pia Ciccone
- Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Jessica Franzetti
- Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Maria Bonora
- Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Sara Ronchi
- Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Camarda
- Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Alexandra Charalampopoulou
- Radiobiology Unit, Research and Development Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy; Hadron Academy PhD Course, University School for Advanced Studies (IUSS), Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Angelica Facoetti
- Radiobiology Unit, Research and Development Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Alessia Bazani
- Medical Physics Unit, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Magro
- Medical Physics Unit, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Barbara Vischioni
- Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Laura Deborah Locati
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Lisa Licitra
- Scientific Directorate, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy; Department of Head & Neck Medical Oncology 3, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy; Department of Oncology & Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Wolfgang A G Sauerwein
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Bor-Neutroneneinfangtherapie (DGBNCT), Essen, Germany; BNCT Global GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | - Ester Orlandi
- Clinical Department, CNAO National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy, Pavia 27100, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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2
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Quintana J, Kang M, Hu H, Ng TSC, Wojtkiewicz GR, Scott E, Parangi S, Schuemann J, Weissleder R, Miller MA. Extended Pharmacokinetics Improve Site-Specific Prodrug Activation Using Radiation. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:1371-1382. [PMID: 39071065 PMCID: PMC11273447 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat cancer, and localized energy deposited by radiotherapy has the potential to chemically uncage prodrugs; however, it has been challenging to demonstrate prodrug activation that is both sustained in vivo and truly localized to tumors without affecting off-target tissues. To address this, we developed a series of novel phenyl-azide-caged, radiation-activated chemotherapy drug-conjugates alongside a computational framework for understanding corresponding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) behaviors. We especially focused on an albumin-bound prodrug of monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and found it blocked tumor growth in mice, delivered a 130-fold greater amount of activated drug to irradiated tumor versus unirradiated tissue, was 7.5-fold more efficient than a non albumin-bound prodrug, and showed no appreciable toxicity compared to free or cathepsin-activatable drugs. These data guided computational modeling of drug action, which indicated that extended pharmacokinetics can improve localized and cumulative drug activation, especially for payloads with low vascular permeability and diffusivity and particularly in patients receiving daily treatments of conventional radiotherapy for weeks. This work thus offers a quantitative PK/PD framework and proof-of-principle experimental demonstration of how extending prodrug circulation can improve its localized activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy
M. Quintana
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Mikyung Kang
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Huiyu Hu
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Thomas S. C. Ng
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Gregory R. Wojtkiewicz
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ella Scott
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Department
of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jan Schuemann
- Department
of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Miles A. Miller
- Center
for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General
Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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3
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Peng X, Zhu P, Zhang Q, Li J. The prognostic value of cancer stem cell markers in thyroid cancer: a systematic review. Arch Med Sci 2024; 20:686-690. [PMID: 38757036 PMCID: PMC11094817 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/185169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Thyroid cancer stem cells (TCSCs) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic response of thyroid cancer, making them promising biomarkers and potential targets for clinical intervention. This systematic review aims to qualitatively assess the impact of commonly used TCSC markers on the prognosis of thyroid cancer using qualitative methods. Methods In total, the analysis encompassed five articles. Results Six TCSC markers were involved, among which CD133, CD44, CD24, CD15 and ALDH1 were associated with the prognosis of thyroid cancer. Conclusions However, the utility of these TCSC markers in clinical practice for predicting the prognosis of thyroid cancer requires further research to provide additional evidence supporting their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiao Peng
- Department of Oncology, Army Medical Center of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Peiye Zhu
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Army Medical Center of PLA, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Oncology, Army Medical Center of PLA, Chongqing, China
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4
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Kuo CY, Hsu YC, Liu CL, Li YS, Chang SC, Cheng SP. SOX4 is a pivotal regulator of tumorigenesis in differentiated thyroid cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112062. [PMID: 37673293 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The SOX family consists of about 20 transcription factors involved in embryonic development, reprogramming, and cell fate determination. In this study, we demonstrated that SOX4 was significantly upregulated in differentiated thyroid cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that high SOX4 expression was associated with papillary histology, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, and advanced disease stage. Patients whose tumors exhibited high SOX4 expression had a shorter recurrence-free survival, though significance was lost in multivariate Cox regression analysis. SOX4 silencing in thyroid cancer cells slowed cell growth, attenuated clonogenicity, and suppressed anoikis resistance. Additionally, SOX4 knockdown impeded xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. Knockdown of SOX4 expression was accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. Furthermore, CRABP2 expression correlated with SOX4 expression, and SOX4 silencing decreased CRABP2 expression and its downstream effectors such as integrin β1 and β4. These results indicate that SOX4 has both prognostic and therapeutic implications in differentiated thyroid cancer, and targeting SOX4 may modulate tumorigenic processes in the thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yu Kuo
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiung Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Liang Liu
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Syuan Li
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chiang Chang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Cheng
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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5
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Xu T, Zhu C, Chen J, Song F, Ren X, Wang S, Yi X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Hu Q, Qin H, Liu Y, Zhang S, Tan Z, Pan Z, Huang P, Ge M. ISG15 and ISGylation modulates cancer stem cell-like characteristics in promoting tumor growth of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:182. [PMID: 37501099 PMCID: PMC10373324 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) was a rare and extremely malignant endocrine cancer with the distinct hallmark of high proportion of cancer stem cell-like characteristics. Therapies aiming to cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) were emerging as a new direction in cancer treatment, but targeting ATC CSCs remained challenging, mainly due to incomplete insights of the regulatory mechanism of CSCs. Here, we unveiled a novel role of ISG15 in the modulation of ATC CSCs. METHODS The expression of ubiquitin-like proteins were detected by bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry. The correlation between ISG15 expression and tumor stem cells and malignant progression of ATC was analyzed by single-cell RNA sequence from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Flow cytometry combined with immunofluorescence were used to verify the enrichment of ISG15 and ISGyaltion in cancer stem cells. The effect and mechanism of ISG15 and KPNA2 on cancer stem cell-like characteristics of ATC cells were determined by molecular biology experiments. Mass spectrometry combined with immunoprecipitation to screen the substrates of ISG15 and validate its ISGylation modification. Nude mice and zebrafish xenograft models were utilized to demonstrate that ISG15 regulates stem cell characteristics and promotes malignant progression of ATC. RESULTS We found that among several ubiquitin proteins, only ISG15 was aberrantly expressed in ATC and enriched in CSCs. Single-cell sequencing analysis revealed that abnormal expression of ISG15 were intensely associated with stemness and malignant cells in ATC. Inhibition of ISG15 expression dramatically attenuated clone and sphere formation of ATC cells, and facilitated its sensitivity to doxorubicin. Notably, overexpression of ISGylation, but not the non-ISGylation mutant, effectively reinforced cancer stem cell-like characteristics. Mechanistically, ISG15 mediated the ISGylation of KPNA2 and impeded its ubiquitination to promote stability, further maintaining cancer stem cell-like characteristics. Finally, depletion of ISG15 inhibited ATC growth and metastasis in xenografted mouse and zebrafish models. CONCLUSION Our studies not only provided new insights into potential intervention strategies targeting ATC CSCs, but also uncovered the novel biological functions and mechanisms of ISG15 and ISGylation for maintaining ATC cancer stem cell-like characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaozhuang Zhu
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feifeng Song
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinxin Ren
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofen Yi
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuo Tan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongfu Pan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Minghua Ge
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.
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6
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Ghanbarnasab Behbahani R, Danyaei A, Shogi H, Tahmasbi MJ, Saki G, Neisi N. Irradiation and conditioned media from human umbilical cord stem cells suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition biomarkers in breast cancer cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:486-491. [PMID: 37009003 PMCID: PMC10008391 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.68374.14919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Breast cancer cells developing radioresistance during radiation may result in cancer recurrence and poor survival. One of the main reasons for this problem is the changes in the regulation of genes that have a key role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Utilizing mesenchymal stem cells can be an effective approach to overcome therapeutic resistance. In this study, we investigated the possibility of combining mesenchymal medium with cancer cell medium in sensitizing breast carcinoma cells to radiation. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, the cells were irradiated at a dose of 4 Gy alone and in combination with stem cells and cancer cells media. Apoptosis, cell cycle, Western blotting, and real-time PCR assays evaluated the therapeutic effects. Results We found that the CSCM could decrease the expression of several EMT markers (CD133, CD44, Vimentin, Nanog, Snail, and Twist), resulting in increased cell distribution in the G1 and G2/M phases, apoptosis rate, and protein levels of p-Chk2 and cyclin D1; furthermore, it exhibits synergetic effects with radiation treatment in vitro. Conclusion These findings show that CSCM inhibits the expansion of breast cancer cells and makes them more susceptible to radiotherapy, offering a unique approach to treating breast cancer by overcoming radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Ghanbarnasab Behbahani
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Danyaei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Corresponding author: Amir Danyaei. Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hamed Shogi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Tahmasbi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Saki
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Neisi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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7
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Hoque S, Dhar R, Kar R, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee D, Mukerjee N, Nag S, Tomar N, Mallik S. Cancer stem cells (CSCs): key player of radiotherapy resistance and its clinical significance. Biomarkers 2023; 28:139-151. [PMID: 36503350 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2157875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are self-renewing and slow-multiplying micro subpopulations in tumour microenvironments. CSCs contribute to cancer's resistance to radiation (including radiation) and other treatments. CSCs control the heterogeneity of the tumour. It alters the tumour's microenvironment cellular singling and promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Current research decodes the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and CSCs interlink in radiation resistance. Exosome is a subpopulation of EVs and originated from plasma membrane. It is secreted by several active cells. It involed in cellular communication and messenger of healthly and multiple pathological complications. Exosomal biological active cargos (DNA, RNA, protein, lipid and glycan), are capable to transform recipient cells' nature. The molecular signatures of CSCs and CSC-derived exosomes are potential source of cancer theranostics development. This review discusse cancer stem cells, radiation-mediated CSCs development, EMT associated with CSCs, the role of exosomes in radioresistance development, the current state of radiation therapy and the use of CSCs and CSCs-derived exosomes biomolecules as a clinical screening biomarker for cancer. This review gives new researchers a reason to keep an eye on the next phase of scientific research into cancer theranostics that will help mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saminur Hoque
- Department of Radiology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajib Dhar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rishav Kar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute
| | - Sayantanee Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Namrata Tomar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Saurav Mallik
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Hu K, Ma X, Xie L, Zhang Y, Hanyu M, Obata H, Zhang L, Nagatsu K, Suzuki H, Shi R, Wang W, Zhang MR. Development of a Stable Peptide-Based PET Tracer for Detecting CD133-Expressing Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:334-341. [PMID: 35036703 PMCID: PMC8756568 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
CD133 has been recognized as a prominent biomarker for cancer stem cells (CSCs), which promote tumor relapse and metastasis. Here, we developed a clinically relevant, stable, and peptide-based positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, [64Cu]CM-2, for mapping CD133 protein in several kinds of cancers. Through the incorporation of a 6-aminohexanoic acid (Ahx) into the N terminus of a CM peptide, we constructed a stable peptide tracer [64Cu]CM-2, which exhibited specific binding to CD133-positive CSCs in multiple preclinical tumor models. Both PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution verified the superb performance of [64Cu]CM-2. Furthermore, the matched physical and biological half-life of [64Cu]CM-2 makes it a state-of-the-art PET tracer for CD133. Therefore, [64Cu]CM-2 PET may not only enable the longitudinal tracking of CD133 dynamics in the cancer stem cell niche but also provide a powerful and noninvasive imaging tool to track down CSCs in refractory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Hu
- Department
of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department
of Vascular Surgery, General Hospital of
People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, P. R.
China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department
of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department
of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hanyu
- Department
of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Honoka Obata
- Department
of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department
of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- Department
of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hisashi Suzuki
- Department
of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Rui Shi
- Institute
of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Beijing
Jishuitan Hospital Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100035, P. R. China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing
Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department
of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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9
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Beck AC, Rajan A, Landers S, Kelley S, Bellizzi AM, Lal G, Sugg SL, Howe JR, Chan CH, Weigel RJ. Expression of cancer stem cell markers in tall cell variant papillary thyroid cancer identifies a molecular profile predictive of recurrence in classic papillary thyroid cancer. Surgery 2021; 171:245-251. [PMID: 34362588 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma is an aggressive subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma. We examined expression of cancer stem cell markers in tall cell variant compared with other well-differentiated thyroid cancers. METHODS Expression of cancer stem cell markers was examined in 572 thyroid tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas Thyroid Cancer database and tall cell variant and papillary thyroid carcinoma tumors by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Expression of the PROM1 gene, encoding the cancer stem cell marker CD133, was elevated in tall cell variant compared to classic papillary thyroid carcinoma in a large cohort of unmatched samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas Thyroid Cancer database (P < .001). By immunohistochemistry in age and stage matched samples, CD133 protein was confirmed to be significantly increased in tall cell variant versus classic papillary thyroid carcinoma (P = .006). Analyzing all thyroid cancers, high PROM1 expression was associated with worse disease-specific survival. Optimal cutoffs were determined to define a tall cell variant-like cancer stem cell signature characterized by high PROM1, high ALDH1A3, and low CD24 expression. Classic papillary thyroid carcinoma with a tall cell variant-like gene signature had worse recurrence disease-free survival compared to classic papillary thyroid carcinoma with a non-tall cell variant signature (P = .02). CONCLUSION Tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma has increased expression of cancer stem cell markers compared to classic papillary thyroid carcinoma. The tall cell variant-like cancer stem cell gene signature identified a molecular subtype of classic papillary thyroid carcinoma that has a worse recurrence-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Beck
- University of Iowa, Department of Surgery, Iowa City, IA. https://twitter.com/beck_md
| | - Anand Rajan
- University of Iowa, Department of Pathology, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Sarah Kelley
- University of Iowa, Department of Surgery, Iowa City, IA
| | - Andrew M Bellizzi
- University of Iowa, Department of Pathology, Iowa City, IA. https://twitter.com/IHC_guy
| | - Geeta Lal
- University of Iowa, Department of Surgery, Iowa City, IA. https://twitter.com/GeetaLalMD
| | - Sonia L Sugg
- University of Iowa, Department of Surgery, Iowa City, IA. https://twitter.com/SoniaLSugg
| | - James R Howe
- University of Iowa, Department of Surgery, Iowa City, IA
| | - Carlos H Chan
- University of Iowa, Department of Surgery, Iowa City, IA. https://twitter.com/CarlosHFChan
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10
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Yue CH, Oner M, Chiu CY, Chen MC, Teng CL, Wang HY, Hsieh JT, Lai CH, Lin H. RET Regulates Human Medullary Thyroid Cancer Cell Proliferation through CDK5 and STAT3 Activation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060860. [PMID: 34207842 PMCID: PMC8229599 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor that arises from the parafollicular C-cells, which produces the hormone calcitonin. RET is a transmembrane receptor protein-tyrosine kinase, which is highly expressed in MTC. Our previous studies reported that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) plays a crucial role in cancer progression, including MTC. However, the role of CDK5 in GDNF-induced RET signaling in medullary thyroid cancer proliferation remains unknown. Here, we investigated RET activation and its biochemically interaction with CDK5 in GDNF-induced medullary thyroid cancer proliferation. Our results demonstrated that GDNF stimulated RET phosphorylation and thus subsequently resulted in CDK5 activation by its phosphorylation. Activated CDK5 further caused STAT3 activation by its specific phosphorylation at Ser727. Moreover, we also found that GDNF treatment enhanced ERK1/2 and EGR1 activity, which is involved in p35 activation. Interestingly, we identified for the first time that CDK5 physically interacted with RET protein in MTC. Overall, our results provide a new mechanism for medullary thyroid cancer cell proliferation, suggesting that targeting CDK5 may be a promising therapeutic candidate for human medullary thyroid cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Herng Yue
- Department of Surgery, Tung’s Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 435403, Taiwan;
| | - Muhammet Oner
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402204, Taiwan; (M.O.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chih-Yuan Chiu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402204, Taiwan; (M.O.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Mei-Chih Chen
- Translational Cell Therapy Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan;
| | - Chieh-Lin Teng
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402204, Taiwan; (M.O.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402204, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402204, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22840-416 (ext. 311); Fax: +886-4-22874-740
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11
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Zhou L, Cha G, Chen L, Yang C, Xu D, Ge M. HIF1α/PD-L1 axis mediates hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis and tumor progression in follicular thyroid carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6461-6470. [PMID: 31616157 PMCID: PMC6698605 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s203724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and programmed cell death-1 protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) are implicated in the metastasis and progression processes of multiple cancers. Hypoxia selectively elevates PD-L1 expression via HIF1α activation in several solid tumors; however, the regulatory effect of HIF1α on PD-L1 in the pathogenesis of follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the regulatory effect of HIF1α on PD-L1 and their potential roles in FTC pathogenesis. Methods Spearman correlation analysis was performed to clarify the relationships between HIF1α and PD-L1 expressions and the clinicopathologic characteristics. The expressions of HIF1α and PD-L1 at mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Hypoxia induction and cell transfection were conducted in FTC cells. TUNEL and Annexin V staining were used to detect the cell apoptosis. FTC xenograft tumor models were generated to evaluate the roles of HIF1α and PD-L1 in vivo. Results Here, we found that the expressions of HIF1α and PD-L1 were significantly increased in FTC tissues and were correlated with the FTC clinicopathologic features, such as the tumor size, T stage, TNM staging, and metastasis. In FTC cells, hypoxia-induced increased HIF1α and PD-L1 expression. Knockdown of HIF1α inhibits hypoxia-induced PD-L1 expression and cells apoptosis. Moreover, inhibition of HIF1α or PD-L1 significantly delays tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Conclusion Hypoxia could promote FTC progression by upregulating HIF1α and PD-L1, which could serve as the molecular targets for FTC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Zhou
- Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ultrasonography, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofen Cha
- Department of Ultrasonography, People's Hospital of Quzhou Kecheng, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyu Chen
- Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ultrasonography, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yang
- Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ultrasonography, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Xu
- Institute of Cancer Research and Basic Medical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ultrasonography, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Ge
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
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12
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Wiseman SM, Kojic LD, Kassian K, Jones SJ, Joshi B, Nabi IR. Expression of Gp78/Autocrine Motility Factor Receptor and Endocytosis of Autocrine Motility Factor in Human Thyroid Cancer Cells. Cureus 2019; 11:e4928. [PMID: 31431834 PMCID: PMC6695234 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gp78/autocrine motility factor receptor (Gp78/AMFR) is a cancer-associated endoplasmic reticulum-localized E3 ubiquitin ligase and also the cell surface receptor for autocrine motility factor (AMF). The study objective was to determine the association between Gp78/AMFR and AMF endocytosis in thyroid cancer cells. Gp78/AMFR expression and AMF internalization were measured in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cell lines and in freshly resected human papillary thyroid cancers (PTC) relative to benign thyroid tissue. Spheroid-like aggregates generated from explants of cancer, goiter, and collateral thyroid tissue were assessed for expression of cancer stem cell markers, surface Gp78/AMFR and AMF endocytosis. DTC cell lines showed elevated total and surface Gp78/AMFR and AMF internalization relative to ATC lines. Gp78/AMFR, Oct-4 and Sox-2 protein expression, Gp78/AMFR surface expression and AMF internalization were elevated in PTC-derived aggregates relative to fibroblasts. Elevated levels of Gp78/AMFR expression and AMF internalization in PTC were associated with expression of cancer stem cell markers. Gp78/AMFR expression and AMF uptake are more closely associated with DTC compared to benign thyroid lesions or ATC and with PTC-derived cancer stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam M Wiseman
- Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Liliana D Kojic
- Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Katayoon Kassian
- Bioinformatics, British Colombia / BC Cancer Agency - Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Steven J Jones
- Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia / BC Cancer Agency - Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Bharat Joshi
- Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
| | - Ivan R Nabi
- Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CAN
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13
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Bozorg-Ghalati F, Hedayati M, Dianatpour M, Mosaffa N, Azizi F. Targeting the BRAF Signaling Pathway in CD133pos Cancer Stem Cells of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1353-1360. [PMID: 31127889 PMCID: PMC6857869 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.5.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) with a self-renewal ability in tumor cells population, execute a pivotal function in tumorigenesis, retrogression, and metastasis of malignant cancers such as anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Materials and Methods: In this study, we isolated CSCs subpopulation with CD133 surface marker from three ATC cell lines by magnetic cell sorting assay. After confirming the segregation by the flow cytometry method, BRAF and sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) genes were investigated in them before and after incubation with BRAF inhibitor. Also, we evaluated the NIS protein expression and localization. Results: Established upon q-RT PCR data, when compared to human normal thyrocytes, the BRAFV600E gene was over-expressed in CD133pos cells (>1705.99 ± 55.55 fold, Mean ± SEM, n=3, P- value<0.05), whilst the expression of NIS gene was very restricted (< 0.0008 ± 5.43 fold, Mean ± SEM, n=3, P- value<0.05) in them. Also, our results showed that BRAF inhibition affected NIS protein expression and localization. Conclusions: Current study showed that the differentiate genes/proteins expression can be induced in the CSCs via focus on signal transduction pathways and targeting their molecules, that are involved in expression of these genes/proteins. Therefore, attention to targeting CSCs along with routine thyroid cancer therapy, can help to ATC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Bozorg-Ghalati
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Kim HM, Koo JS. Immunohistochemical Analysis of Cancer Stem Cell Marker Expression in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:523. [PMID: 31428052 PMCID: PMC6688385 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) markers have prognostic significance in various cancers, but their clinical significance in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has not been demonstrated. In this study, CSC markers expressed in PTC and their relationships with prognosis were evaluated. We constructed tissue microarrays for 386 PTC cases, divided it into 42 low risk cases and 344 intermediate risk cases according to the American Thyroid Association 2009 Risk Stratification System. Immunohistochemical staining of CSC markers (CD15, CD24, CD44, CD166, and ALDH1A1) was performed, and the proportion of stained cells and immunostaining intensity were evaluated to determine positive marker expression. The relationships between CSC marker expression and other clinicopathological parameters or survival were analyzed. CD15 expression was higher in PTC with intermediate risk than in PTC with low risk (29.4 vs. 11.9%, p = 0.017). According to a multivariate analysis, CD15, CD44, CD166, and ALDH1A1 positivity were independently associated with a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.929, 2.960, 7.485, and 3.736; p = 0.016, p = 0.026, p < 0.001, and p = 0.006, respectively). Higher N and cancer stage were the only other clinical factors associated with a shorter PFS (OR: 2.953 and 1.898, p = 0.011 and p = 0.034). Overexpression of CSC markers in PTC was associated with shorter PFS during follow-up. Immunohistochemical staining of CSC markers may provide useful information for predicting patient outcomes.
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15
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Liu X, Fu Q, Li S, Liang N, Li F, Li C, Sui C, Dionigi G, Sun H. LncRNA FOXD2-AS1 Functions as a Competing Endogenous RNA to Regulate TERT Expression by Sponging miR-7-5p in Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:207. [PMID: 31024447 PMCID: PMC6463795 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA FOXD2 Adjacent Opposite Strand RNA 1 (FOXD2-AS1) has been widely reported to be implicated in the progression and recurrence of several cancers. The clinical significance and functional role of FOXD2-AS1 in thyroid carcinoma remain unknown. FOXD2-AS1 expression was evaluated by analyzing thyroid cancer RNA sequencing dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to assess the biological roles of FOXD2-AS1 in thyroid cancer cells. Western blot, luciferase, immunoprecipitation (IP), and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were used to identify the underlying miRNA and mRNA target mediating the biological roles of FOXD2-AS1 in thyroid cancer cells. FOXD2-AS1 was upregulated in thyroid carcinoma tissues and cells. High expression of FOXD2-AS1 significantly correlated with clinical stage, recurrence of thyroid carcinoma. Silencing FOXD2-AS1 inhibited cancer stem cell-like phenotypes and attenuates the anoikis resistance in vitro. Downregulating FOXD2-AS1 represses the tumorigenesis of thyroid carcinoma cells in vivo. FOXD2-AS1 acts as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-7-5p, up-regulating the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), which further promotes the cancer stem cells features and anoikis resistance in thyroid cancer cells. Our findings indicate that FOXD2-AS1 functions as an oncogenic regulator in the development of thyroid cancer, contributing to early recurrence of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingfeng Fu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Liang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fang Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changlin Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengqiu Sui
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gianlorenzo Dionigi
- Division for Endocrine and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University Hospital “G. Martino”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Hui Sun
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Surgical Translational Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Sun
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16
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Hsieh YJ, Lu TY, Ke CC, Lin YS, Tai HT, Liu SI, Liang TJ, Su HH, Liu RS, Peng NJ. Correlation of 18F-FDG uptake and thyroid cancer stem cells. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2018; 64:393-399. [PMID: 30160089 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.18.03088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) has the potential to detect various types of cancers, including thyroid cancer (TC), at a potentially curable stage. Increased uptake of 18F-FDG was observed in anaplastic and poorly differentiated thyroid cancer cells, and PET-positive tumors are more likely to be resistant to 131I treatment. As cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess a dedifferentiated phenotype and are resistant to many anticancer therapies, we hypothesized that the expression of CSC-related markers is correlated with the ability of tumor cells in TC to uptake FDG. METHODS The present study cohort included 12 patients with TC, who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging before surgery. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were performed to analyze the expression patterns of gene markers related to embryonic stem (ES) cells and CSCs in TC. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of CSC- (CD133 and CD44) and ES-related genes (Oct4 and Nanog) were higher in TC tissue than in normal thyroid tissue, whereas the mRNA expression levels of thyroid-specific genes (Tg, TSHR, and TTF1) were higher in normal thyroid tissue than in TC tissue. There was a positive and statistically significant correlation between FDG uptake (SUV<inf>max</inf>) of tumor and relative mRNA levels of CD133, CD44, Oct4, and Nanog. The IHC results demonstrated that CD133 and Nanog were expressed in TC tissue but not in normal thyroid tissue, however, CD44 expression was observed in both TC and normal thyroid tissue. Comparisons of the clinicopathological parameters between TC tissues with low and high SUV<inf>max</inf> demonstrated significant differences in protein level of CD133 but not in that of Nanog. CONCLUSIONS The pre-therapeutic tumor SUV<inf>max</inf> obtained from 18F-FDG PET/CT may be a potential predictor for evaluating the proportion of CSC population in individual patients with TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Ke
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core, Taiwan Mouse Clinic, National Comprehensive Mouse Phenotyping and Drug Testing Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yaoh-Shiang Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ting Tai
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shiuh-Inn Liu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Liang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Hao Su
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core, Taiwan Mouse Clinic, National Comprehensive Mouse Phenotyping and Drug Testing Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,National PET/Cyclotron Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biophotonic and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Jing Peng
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan - .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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17
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Oweida A, Phan A, Vancourt B, Robin T, Hararah MK, Bhatia S, Milner D, Lennon S, Pike L, Raben D, Haugen B, Pozdeyev N, Schweppe R, Karam SD. Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Is Superior to Conventional Fractionation in an Orthotopic Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2018; 28:739-747. [PMID: 29774792 PMCID: PMC6040202 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive and highly lethal disease with poor outcomes and resistance to therapy. Despite multimodality treatment, including radiation therapy and chemotherapy, response rates remain <15%, with a median time to progression of less than three months. Recent advances in radiotherapy (RT) delivery and gene-expression profiling may help guide patient selection for personalized therapy. The purpose of this study was to characterize the response to radiation in a panel of ATC cell lines and to test alternative RT fractionation schedules for overcoming radioresistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cellular response to radiation was characterized based on clonogenic assays. Radiation response was correlated with microarray gene-expression data. Hypofractionated and conventional RT was tested in an orthotopic ATC tumor model, and tumor growth was assayed locally and distantly with in vivo and ex vivo bioluminescence imaging. RESULTS A spectrum of radiosensitivities was observed in ATC cell lines. Radioresistant cell lines had higher levels of CXCR4 compared to radiosensitive cell lines. Compared to conventionally fractionated RT, hypofractionated RT resulted in significantly improved tumor growth delay, decreased regional and distant metastases, and improved overall survival. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate the heterogeneity of response to radiation in ATC tumors and the superiority of hypofractionated RT in improving local control, metastatic spread, and survival in preclinical models. These data support the design of clinical trials targeting radioresistant pathways in combination with hypofractionated RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Oweida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andy Phan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Benjamin Vancourt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tyler Robin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mohammad K. Hararah
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shilpa Bhatia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dallin Milner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shelby Lennon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura Pike
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David Raben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bryan Haugen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nikita Pozdeyev
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rebecca Schweppe
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sana D. Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver—Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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18
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Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of radioiodine ablation therapy for lymph node metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma. Nucl Med Commun 2018; 39:22-27. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chang L, Graham P, Hao J, Ni J, Deng J, Bucci J, Malouf D, Gillatt D, Li Y. Cancer stem cells and signaling pathways in radioresistance. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11002-17. [PMID: 26716904 PMCID: PMC4905454 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the most important strategies in cancer treatment. Radioresistance (the failure to RT) results in locoregional recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, it is critically important to investigate the mechanisms leading to cancer radioresistance to overcome this problem and increase patients' survival. Currently, the majority of the radioresistance-associated researches have focused on preclinical studies. Although the exact mechanisms of cancer radioresistance have not been fully uncovered, accumulating evidence supports that cancer stem cells (CSCs) and different signaling pathways play important roles in regulating radiation response and radioresistance. Therefore, targeting CSCs or signaling pathway proteins may hold promise for developing novel combination modalities and overcoming radioresistance. The present review focuses on the key evidence of CSC markers and several important signaling pathways in cancer radioresistance and explores innovative approaches for future radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chang
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Graham
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jingli Hao
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jie Ni
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Junli Deng
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Bucci
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - David Malouf
- Department of Urology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - David Gillatt
- Department of Urology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.,Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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20
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Mei D, Lv B, Chen B, Xiao S, Jiang J, Xie Y, Jiang L. All-trans retinoic acid suppresses malignant characteristics of CD133-positive thyroid cancer stem cells and induces apoptosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182835. [PMID: 28817605 PMCID: PMC5560547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, diagnoses of radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAI-R DTC) have become more common; prognosis is poor. It has been suggested that cancer stem cells account for radiotherapy resistance. By flow cytometry, different expression percents of CD133 and OCT4 in thyroid cancer cell lines were detected. By real-time quantitative PCR, different mRNA expression of CD133, OCT4, GLUT1, thyroglobulin (TG), thyroperoxidase (TPO) and sodium iodine symporter (NIS) was analyzed; the localization of CD133, OCT4, and NIS expression was examined using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. Different expression of CD133, OCT4, and NIS in 21 human thyroid cancer and nodule tissues was investigated using immunohistochemistry. CD133-positive cells were isolated by magnetic sorting. Stronger colony formation ability of CD133-positive and weaker ability of CD133-negative cells in vivo were examined by colony formation. The effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on CD133-positive cells in vivo were explored with Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and ethynyl deoxyuridine assays. The ARO cell line and RAI-R DTC tissue specimens had more CD133-positive cells. NIS expression was significantly lower in RAI-R DTC tissue compared to radioiodine-sensitive DTC (RAI-DTC) tissue and specimens from patients with thyroid nodule. ATRA inhibited the stem cell characteristics of CD133-positive cells and induced CD133-positive cell differentiation to CD133-negative cells, and promoted CD133-positive cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Mei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (LB)
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (LB)
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21
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Galli F, Artico M, Taurone S, Manni I, Bianchi E, Piaggio G, Weintraub BD, Szkudlinski MW, Agostinelli E, Dierckx RAJO, Signore A. Radiolabeling of VEGF165 with 99mTc to evaluate VEGFR expression in tumor angiogenesis. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:2171-2179. [PMID: 28498441 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the main process responsible for tumor growth and metastatization. The principal effector of such mechanism is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by cancer cells and other components of tumor microenvironment. Radiolabeled VEGF analogues may provide a useful tool to noninvasively image tumor lesions and evaluate the efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs that block the VEGFR pathway. Aim of the present study was to radiolabel the human VEGF165 analogue with 99mTechnetium (99mTc) and to evaluate the expression of VEGFR in both cancer and endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment. 99mTc-VEGF showed in vitro binding to HUVEC cells and in vivo to xenograft tumors in mice (ARO, K1 and HT29). By comparing in vivo data with immunohistochemical analysis of excised tumors we found an inverse correlation between 99mTc-VEGF165 uptake and VEGF histologically detected, but a positive correlation with VEGF receptor expression (VEGFR1). Results of our studies indicate that endogenous VEGF production by cancer cells and other cells of tumor microenvironment should be taken in consideration when performing scintigraphy with radiolabeled VEGF, because of possible false negative results due to saturation of VEGFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Galli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sensory Organs, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Samanta Taurone
- Department of Sensory Organs, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Manni
- SAFU UOSD, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Bianchi
- Department of Sensory Organs, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- SAFU UOSD, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences 'A. Rossi Fanelli', 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Signore
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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22
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Zhang C, Ma Q, Shi Y, Li X, Wang M, Wang J, Ge J, Chen Z, Wang Z, Jiang H. A novel 5-fluorouracil-resistant human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line Eca-109/5-FU with significant drug resistance-related characteristics. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2942-2954. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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23
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Băetu M, Dobrescu R. NOVEL MARKERS FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION IN MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2017; 13:519-522. [PMID: 31149228 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2017.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma is a neuroendocrine tumour of the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland. It is an aggressive tumor that can be cured only by complete resection of the thyroid tumour and any local and regional metastases. Thus, the discovery of novel diagnostic and prognostic markers is very important for early diagnosis and correct management, in order for the survival rates to rise. New research has emphasized the potential role of various genes, serum and immunohistochemical markers, as well as potential targets for therapeutic agents. The calcium stimulated calcitonin test has been recently reintroduced in clinical practice, and current medullary thyroid carcinoma guidelines encourage laboratories to set their own criteria defining reference ranges for elevated serum basal and stimulated calcitonin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Băetu
- "C. I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R Dobrescu
- "C. I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
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24
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Lopez-Campistrous A, Adewuyi EE, Benesch MGK, Ko YM, Lai R, Thiesen A, Dewald J, Wang P, Chu K, Ghosh S, Williams DC, Vos LJ, Brindley DN, McMullen TPW. PDGFRα Regulates Follicular Cell Differentiation Driving Treatment Resistance and Disease Recurrence in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. EBioMedicine 2016; 12:86-97. [PMID: 27682510 PMCID: PMC5078607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiation of follicular cells is a central event in resistance to radioactive iodine and patient mortality in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We reveal that platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) specifically drives dedifferentiation in PTC by disrupting the transcriptional activity of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF1). PDGFRα activation dephosphorylates TTF1 consequently shifting the localization of this transcription factor from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. TTF1 is required for follicular cell development and disrupting its function abrogates thyroglobulin production and sodium iodide transport. PDGFRα also promotes a more invasive and migratory cell phenotype with a dramatic increase in xenograft tumor formation. In patient tumors we confirm that nuclear TTF1 expression is inversely proportional to PDGFRα levels. Patients exhibiting PDGFRα at time of diagnosis are three times more likely to exhibit nodal metastases and are 18 times more likely to recur within 5years than those patients lacking PDGFRα expression. Moreover, high levels of PDGFRα and low levels of nuclear TTF1 predict resistance to radioactive iodine therapy. We demonstrate in SCID xenografts that focused PDGFRα blockade restores iodide transport and decreases tumor burden by >50%. Focused PDGFRα inhibitors, combined with radioactive iodine, represent an additional avenue for treating patients with aggressive variants of PTC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biological Transport
- Carcinoma/drug therapy
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/mortality
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Models, Biological
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Phenotype
- Prognosis
- Protein Transport
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/genetics
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/metabolism
- Sodium Iodide/metabolism
- Thyroglobulin/biosynthesis
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Thyroid Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/mortality
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Transcription Factors
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yi Man Ko
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Aducio Thiesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jay Dewald
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Karen Chu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Larissa J Vos
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David N Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Todd P W McMullen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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25
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Guan M, Ma Y, Shah SR, Romano G. Thyroid malignant neoplasm-associated biomarkers as targets for oncolytic virotherapy. Oncolytic Virother 2016; 5:35-43. [PMID: 27579295 PMCID: PMC4996252 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s99856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers associated with thyroid malignant neoplasm (TMN) have been widely applied in clinical diagnosis and in research oncological programs. The identification of novel TMN biomarkers has greatly improved the efficacy of clinical diagnosis. A more accurate diagnosis may lead to better clinical outcomes and effective treatments. However, the major deficiency of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy is lack of specificity. Due to the macrokinetic interactions, adverse side effects will occur, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance. Therefore, a new treatment is urgently needed. As an alternative approach, oncolytic virotherapy may represent an opportunity for treatment strategies that can more specifically target tumor cells. In most cases, viral entry requires the expression of specific receptors on the surface of the host cell. Currently, molecular virologists and gene therapists are working on engineering oncolytic viruses with altered tropism for the specific targeting of malignant cells. This review focuses on the strategy of biomarkers for the production of novel TMN oncolytic therapeutics, which may improve the specificity of targeting of tumor cells and limit adverse effects in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Guan
- Virology, Research and Development, Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Yanping Ma
- Virology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic China
| | - Sahil Rajesh Shah
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gaetano Romano
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Vicari L, Colarossi C, Giuffrida D, De Maria R, Memeo L. Cancer stem cells as a potential therapeutic target in thyroid carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2254-2260. [PMID: 27698787 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have indicated that tumor growth and proliferation is dependent on a small subset of cells, defined as cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs have the capability to self-renew, and are involved with cancer propagation, relapse and metastatic dissemination. CSCs have been isolated from numerous tissues, including normal and cancerous thyroid tissue. A regulatory network of signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) control the properties of CSCs. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of endocrine cancer, with an increasing incidence. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is the most rare type of endocrine cancer; however, it also exhibits the highest mortality rate among thyroid malignancies, with an extremely short survival time. Thyroid CSCs are invasive and highly resistant to conventional therapies, including radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which results in disease relapse even when the primary lesion has been eradicated. Therefore, targeting thyroid CSCs may represent an effective treatment strategy against aggressive neoplasms, including recurrent and radioresistant tumors. The present review summarizes the current literature regarding thyroid CSCs and discusses therapeutic strategies that target these cells, with a focus on the function of self-renewal pathways and miRNAs. Elucidation of the mechanisms that regulate CSC growth and survival may improve novel therapeutic approaches for treatment-resistant thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Vicari
- Cell Biology Unit, IOM Ricerca Srl, Viagrande I-95029 Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Colarossi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande I-95029 Catania, Italy
| | - Dario Giuffrida
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande I-95029 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Cell Biology Unit, IOM Ricerca Srl, Viagrande I-95029 Catania, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande I-95029 Catania, Italy
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27
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Chapman TR, Laramore GE, Bowen SR, Orio PF. Neutron radiation therapy for advanced thyroid cancers. Adv Radiat Oncol 2016; 1:148-156. [PMID: 28740884 PMCID: PMC5514010 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to review institutional outcomes for advanced thyroid cancers treated with fast neutron radiation therapy (FNRT) and photon radiation therapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS In all, 62 consecutive patients were analyzed. Fifty-nine had stage IV disease. Twenty-three were treated with FNRT and 39 with photon RT. Median follow-up was 14 months. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). RESULTS There was no significant difference in median OS between FNRT and photon RT (26 vs 16 months; P = .49). Patients with well-differentiated histologies had superior median OS with photon RT (17 vs 69 months; P = .04). There was a nonsignificant trend toward improved OS with FNRT for medullary and anaplastic histologies. CONCLUSIONS Outcomes in this study are in line with historical results. There is an apparent detriment in OS with FNRT for well-differentiated histologies and a trend toward improved OS with medullary and anaplastic histologies that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias R. Chapman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - George E. Laramore
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen R. Bowen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter F. Orio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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28
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Giuffrida R, Adamo L, Iannolo G, Vicari L, Giuffrida D, Eramo A, Gulisano M, Memeo L, Conticello C. Resistance of papillary thyroid cancer stem cells to chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:687-691. [PMID: 27347201 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine neoplasm, with the highest mortality rate of all the endocrine cancers. Among the endocrine malignancies, ~80% are papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). In the initiation and progression of this tumor, genetic alterations in the mitogen-associated protein kinase pathway, including RAS point mutations, RET/PTC oncogene rearrangements and BRAF point mutations, play an important role, particularly in deciding targeted therapy. In the present study, a small population of thyroid tumor cells, known as tumor spheres, were isolated and characterized from PTC surgical samples. These spheres can be expanded indefinitely in vitro and give rise to differentiated adherent cells when cultivated in differentiative conditions. The present study showed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analysis that the undifferentiated PTC cells exhibited a characteristic antigen expression profile of adult progenitor/stem cells. The cells were more resistant to chemotherapeutics, including bortezomib, taxol, cisplatin, etoposide, doxorubicin and vincristine, than differentiated PTC cells and the majority possessed a quiescent status, as revealed by the various cell cycle characteristics and anti-apoptotic protein expression. Such advances in cancer thyroid stem cell biology may provide relevant information for future targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Adamo
- Cell Biology Unit, IOM Ricerca Srl, Viagrande, I-95029 Catania, Italy
| | - Gioacchin Iannolo
- Cell Biology Unit, IOM Ricerca Srl, Viagrande, I-95029 Catania, Italy; Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Technologies Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies, I-90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Vicari
- Cell Biology Unit, IOM Ricerca Srl, Viagrande, I-95029 Catania, Italy
| | - Dario Giuffrida
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, I-95029 Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Eramo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Gulisano
- Cell Biology Unit, IOM Ricerca Srl, Viagrande, I-95029 Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Cell Biology Unit, IOM Ricerca Srl, Viagrande, I-95029 Catania, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, I-95029 Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta Conticello
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, I-95029 Catania, Italy
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29
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Clinically Applicable Monte Carlo-based Biological Dose Optimization for the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancers With Spot-Scanning Proton Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 95:1535-1543. [PMID: 27325476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aim is to demonstrate the feasibility of fast Monte Carlo (MC)-based inverse biological planning for the treatment of head and neck tumors in spot-scanning proton therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS Recently, a fast and accurate graphics processor unit (GPU)-based MC simulation of proton transport was developed and used as the dose-calculation engine in a GPU-accelerated intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) optimizer. Besides dose, the MC can simultaneously score the dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LETd), which makes biological dose (BD) optimization possible. To convert from LETd to BD, a simple linear relation was assumed. By use of this novel optimizer, inverse biological planning was applied to 4 patients, including 2 small and 1 large thyroid tumor targets, as well as 1 glioma case. To create these plans, constraints were placed to maintain the physical dose (PD) within 1.25 times the prescription while maximizing target BD. For comparison, conventional intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and IMPT plans were also created using Eclipse (Varian Medical Systems) in each case. The same critical-structure PD constraints were used for the IMRT, IMPT, and biologically optimized plans. The BD distributions for the IMPT plans were obtained through MC recalculations. RESULTS Compared with standard IMPT, the biologically optimal plans for patients with small tumor targets displayed a BD escalation that was around twice the PD increase. Dose sparing to critical structures was improved compared with both IMRT and IMPT. No significant BD increase could be achieved for the large thyroid tumor case and when the presence of critical structures mitigated the contribution of additional fields. The calculation of the biologically optimized plans can be completed in a clinically viable time (<30 minutes) on a small 24-GPU system. CONCLUSIONS By exploiting GPU acceleration, MC-based, biologically optimized plans were created for small-tumor target patients. This optimizer will be used in an upcoming feasibility trial on LETd painting for radioresistant tumors.
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30
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Kumar C, Shetake N, Desai S, Kumar A, Samuel G, Pandey BN. Relevance of radiobiological concepts in radionuclide therapy of cancer. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:173-86. [PMID: 26917443 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1144944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radionuclide therapy (RNT) is a rapidly growing area of clinical nuclear medicine, wherein radionuclides are employed to deliver cytotoxic dose of radiation to the diseased cells/tissues. During RNT, radionuclides are either directly administered or delivered through biomolecules targeting the diseased site. RNT has been clinically used for diverse range of diseases including cancer, which is the focus of the review. CONCLUSIONS The major emphasis in RNT has so far been given towards developing peptides/antibodies and other molecules to conjugate a variety of therapeutic radioisotopes for improved targeting/delivery of radiation dose to the tumor cells. Despite that, many of the RNT approaches have not achieved their desired therapeutic success probably due to poor knowledge about complex and dynamic (i) fate of radiolabeled molecules; (ii) radiation dose delivered; (iii) cellular heterogeneity in tumor mass; and (iv) cellular radiobiological response. Based on understanding gathered during recent years, it may be stated that besides the absorbed dose, the net radiobiological response of tumor/normal cells also determines the clinical response of radiotherapeutic modalities including RNT. The radiosensitivity of tumor/normal cells is governed by radiobiological phenomenon such as radiation-induced bystander effect, genomic instability, adaptive response and low dose hyper-radiosensitivity. These concepts have been well investigated in the context of external beam radiotherapy, but their clinical implications during RNT have received meagre attention. In this direction, a few studies performed using in vitro and in vivo models envisage the possibilities of exploiting the radiobiological knowledge for improved therapeutic outcome of RNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar
- a Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Section , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai
| | - Neena Shetake
- b Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai
| | - Sejal Desai
- b Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai ;,d Homi Bhabha National Institute , Mumbai , India
| | - Amit Kumar
- b Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai ;,d Homi Bhabha National Institute , Mumbai , India
| | - Grace Samuel
- c Isotope Production and Applications Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai
| | - Badri N Pandey
- b Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai ;,d Homi Bhabha National Institute , Mumbai , India
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Bi Y, Meng Y, Wu H, Cui Q, Luo Y, Xue X. Expression of the potential cancer stem cell markers CD133 and CD44 in medullary thyroid carcinoma: A ten-year follow-up and prognostic analysis. J Surg Oncol 2016; 113:144-51. [PMID: 26799258 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression profiles of cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers CD133 and CD44 in a cohort of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) patients, and their prognostic values during 10-year follow-up. METHODS MTC samples were obtained for H&E and immunohistochemical analysis. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. RESULTS Both the CD133 and CD44 positives were higher in MTC than control. High expression of CD133 and CD44 was positively correlated with capsule invasion and each other, and their co-expression was significantly correlated with capsule invasion, tissue invasion, and metastases at surgery. Tumor size, capsular invasion, tissue invasion, metastases at surgery, surgical plan, lymph node metastases, TNM stage, CD133, and CD44 were prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and/or disease free survival (DFS). Both the CD133 and CD44 were unfavorable prognostic predictors for OS (P = 0.046, P = 0.03), while only CD44 was a significant predictor for DFS (P = 0.017). OS rate in CD133/CD44 co-expression group was significantly lower than that in non-co-expression group (χ(2) = 8.44, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Our study suggested the high expression of CD133 and CD44 in the MTC, and CD133 and CD44 expressions were correlated with capsule invasion and with OS. CD133 and/or CD44 may be prognostic factors for OS and/or DFS in our MTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Bi
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxiao Meng
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Quancai Cui
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Luo
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Xue
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Co-Inhibition of GLUT-1 Expression and the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway to Enhance the Radiosensitivity of Laryngeal Carcinoma Xenografts In Vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143306. [PMID: 26600164 PMCID: PMC4658010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the role of GLUT-1 and PI3K/Akt signaling in radioresistance of laryngeal carcinoma xenografts. Volume, weight, radiosensitization, and the rate of inhibition of tumor growth in the xenografts were evaluated in different groups. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay. In addition, mRNA and protein levels of GLUT-1, p-Akt, and PI3K in the xenografts were measured. Treatment with LY294002, wortmannin, wortmannin plus GLUT-1 AS-ODN, and LY294002 plus GLUT-1 AS-ODN after X-ray irradiation significantly reduced the size and weight of the tumors, rate of tumor growth, and apoptosis in tumors compared to that observed in the 10-Gy group (p<0.05). In addition, mRNA and protein expression of GLUT-1, p-Akt, and PI3K was downregulated. The E/O values of LY294002, LY294002 plus GLUT-1 AS-ODN, wortmannin, and wortmannin plus GLUT-1 AS-ODN were 2.7, 1.1, 1.8, and 1.8, respectively. Taken together, these data indicate that GLUT-1 AS-ODN as well as the inhibitors of PI3K/Akt signaling may act as radiosensitizers of laryngeal carcinoma in vivo.
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Zane M, Scavo E, Catalano V, Bonanno M, Todaro M, De Maria R, Stassi G. Normal vs cancer thyroid stem cells: the road to transformation. Oncogene 2015; 35:805-15. [PMID: 25961919 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations in thyroid carcinogenesis have led to the isolation and characterisation of a subpopulation of stem-like cells, responsible for tumour initiation, progression and metastasis. Nevertheless, the cellular origin of thyroid cancer stem cells (SCs) remains unknown and it is still necessary to define the process and the target population that sustain malignant transformation of tissue-resident SCs or the reprogramming of a more differentiated cell. Here, we will critically discuss new insights into thyroid SCs as a potential source of cancer formation in light of the available information on the oncogenic role of genetic modifications that occur during thyroid cancer development. Understanding the fine mechanisms that regulate tumour transformation may provide new ground for clinical intervention in terms of prevention, diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zane
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - E Scavo
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - V Catalano
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Bonanno
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Todaro
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - R De Maria
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - G Stassi
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Gallala H, Winter J, Veit N, Nowak M, Perner S, Courts C, Kraus D, Janzen V, Probstmeier R. Staurosporine analogs promote distinct patterns of process outgrowth and polyploidy in small cell lung carcinoma cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2725-35. [PMID: 25487614 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that staurosporine mediates the conversion of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells into a neuron-like process-bearing phenotype. Here, we have extended these studies to the staurosporine analogs K252a, lestaurtinib, PKC412, stauprimide, and UCN-01 and analyzed their influence on process extension, cell cycle distribution, and induction of polyploidy in four SCLC cell lines. In GLC-2 cells, all compounds provoked extensive process formation with the exception of PKC412 that showed no response. In H1184 cells, process formation was predominantly induced by staurosporine and, to lesser extent, in lestaurtinib-, stauprimide-, and UCN-01-treated cells. In the presence of K252a or PKC412, cells became bipolar and spindle shaped or showed pronounced cell flattening. In GLC-36 and SCLC-24H cells, only cell flattening was detectable. Process formation was reversible upon drug removal as shown for GLC-2 and H1184 cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis indicated the induction of polyploidy in all staurosporine and in two out of four stauprimide-treated SCLC cell lines. For other staurosporine analogs, polyploidy was observed only in UCN-01-treated GLC-36 cells and in K252a-treated H1184 and GLC-36 cells. The presence of staurosporine or its analogs did not alter the constitutive activation pattern of the canonical Akt/PI3K or MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathways nor could we detect an influence of stauprimide application on the expression level of the c-Myc oncogene. These data demonstrate that in SCLC cells, albeit a higher substrate specificity, staurosporine analogs can induce staurosporine-comparable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Gallala
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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35
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Fang J, Zhou SH, Fan J, Yan SX. Roles of glucose transporter-1 and the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase/protein kinase B pathway in cancer radioresistance (review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1573-81. [PMID: 25376370 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying cancer radioresistance remain unclear. Several studies have found that increased glucose transporter‑1 (GLUT‑1) expression is associated with radioresistance. Recently, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway was reported to be involved in the control of GLUT‑1 trafficking and activity. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway may itself be associated with cancer radioresistance. Thus, increasing attention has been devoted to the effects of modifying the expression of GLUT‑1 and the PI3K/Akt pathway on the increase in the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. This review discusses the importance of the association between elevated expression of GLUT‑1 and activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the development of radioresistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Sen-Xiang Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Abstract
Thyroid cancer is one of the most rapidly increasing malignancies. The reasons for this increase is not completely known, but increases in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas along with the enhanced detection of well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas are probably all contributing factors. Although most cases of well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas are associated with an excellent prognosis, a small percentage of patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas as well as most patients with poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas have recurrent and/or metastatic disease that is often fatal. The cancer stem-like cell (CSC) model suggests that a small number of cells within a cancer, known as CSCs, are responsible for resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, as well as for recurrent and metastatic disease. This review discusses current studies about thyroid CSCs, the processes of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition that provide plasticity to CSC growth, in addition to the role of microRNAs in CSC development and regulation. Understanding the biology of CSCs, EMT and the metastatic cascade should lead to the design of more rational targeted therapies for highly aggressive and fatal thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heather Hardin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang, China
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Nilubol N, Boufraqech M, Zhang L, Kebebew E. Loss of CPSF2 expression is associated with increased thyroid cancer cellular invasion and cancer stem cell population, and more aggressive disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1173-82. [PMID: 24654752 PMCID: PMC4079301 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identification of molecular factors that promote thyroid cancer progression have important clinical implications for therapy and prognostication in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The aim of this study was to validate and determine the function of dysregulated genes that were associated increased mortality in patients with PTC. Experiemental Design: We selected the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 2 (CPSF2) gene from the top 5 significantly dysregulated genes associated with PTC-associated mortality from our previous study. We used 86 PTC samples enriched for aggressive disease (recurrence and mortality) by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). In vitro functional studies of the validated gene were performed. RESULTS Decreased CPSF2 gene expression was associated with shorter disease-free survival (P = .03), large tumor size (T3 and T4) (P = .03), tumor recurrence (P < .01), and mortality (P < .01), independent of BRAF V600E mutation status. CPSF2 knockdown increased cellular invasion by 1.8- to 3.2-fold (P < .01) and increased markers of thyroid cancer stem cells (CD44 and CD133 expression). Immunohistochemistry showed an inverse correlation between CD44 protein expression in PTC samples and CPSF2 expression. CONCLUSION Decreased CPSF2 expression is associated with increased cellular invasion and cancer stem cell population, and more aggressive disease in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naris Nilubol
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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38
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Mato E, González C, Moral A, Pérez JI, Bell O, Lerma E, de Leiva A. ABCG2/BCRP gene expression is related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer genes in a papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line (TPC-1). J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:289-300. [PMID: 24643400 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor malignancy is associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and resistance to chemotherapy. However, little is known about the relationship between the EMT and the multidrug-resistance gene in thyroid tumor progression. We investigated whether the expression of the ABCG2/BCRP gene is associated with ZEB1 and other EMT inducer genes involved in tumor dedifferentiation. We established a subpopulation of cells that express the ABCG2/BCRP gene derived from the thyroid papillary carcinoma cell line (TPC-1), the so-called TPC-1 MITO-resistant subline. The most relevant findings in these TPC-1 selected cells were a statistically significant upregulation of ZEB1 and TWIST1 (35- and 15-fold change respectively), no changes in the relative expression of vimentin and SNAIL1, and no expression of E-cadherin. The TPC-1 MITO-resistant subline displayed a faster migration and greater invasive ability than parental cells in correlation with a significant upregulation of the survivin (BIRC5) gene (twofold change, P<0.05). The knockdown of ZEB1 promoted nuclear re-expression of E-cadherin, reduced expression of vimentin, N-cadherin, and BIRC5 genes, and reduced cell migration (P<0.05). Analysis of human thyroid carcinoma showed a slight overexpression of the ABCG2/BCRP at stages I and II (P<0.01), and a higher overexpression at stages III and IV (P<0.01). SNAIL1, TWIST1, and ZEB1 genes showed higher expression at stages III and IV than at stages I and II. E- and N-cadherin genes were upregulated at stages I and II of the disease (ninefold and tenfold change, respectively, P<0.01) but downregulated at stages III and IV (fourfold lower, P<0.01). These results could be a promising starting point for further study of the role of the ABCG2/BCRP gene in the progression of thyroid tumor.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/biosynthesis
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cadherins/biosynthesis
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Homeodomain Proteins/biosynthesis
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/biosynthesis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Staging
- Nuclear Proteins/biosynthesis
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Snail Family Transcription Factors
- Survivin
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Gland/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Twist-Related Protein 1/biosynthesis
- Up-Regulation
- Vimentin/biosynthesis
- Young Adult
- Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1
- Zinc Fingers/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mato
- Thyroid Neoplasia Study Group, EDUAB-HSP, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Departament de Biologia Cel-lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain Departments of Endocrinology and Nutrition General Surgery Pathology IIB, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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McDermott N, Meunier A, Lynch TH, Hollywood D, Marignol L. Isogenic radiation resistant cell lines: development and validation strategies. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:115-26. [PMID: 24350914 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.873557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The comparison of cell lines with differing radiosensitivities and their molecular response to radiation exposure has been used in a number of human cancer models to study the molecular response to radiation. This review proposes to analyze and compare the protocols used by investigators for the development and validation of these isogenic models of radioresistance. CONCLUSION There is large variability in the strategies used to generate and validate isogenic models of radioresistance. Further characterization of these models is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh McDermott
- Radiation and Urologic Oncology, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity and Prostate Molecular Oncology Research Group, Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity College Dublin , Ireland
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40
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Kucerova L, Feketeova L, Kozovska Z, Poturnajova M, Matuskova M, Nencka R, Babal P. In vivo 5FU-exposed human medullary thyroid carcinoma cells contain a chemoresistant CD133+ tumor-initiating cell subset. Thyroid 2014; 24:520-32. [PMID: 24073856 PMCID: PMC3949502 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hierarchical model of solid tumor proposes the existence of rare tumor cell subpopulations with stem-cell properties. The glycoprotein prominin-1 (CD133) represents one of the cancer stem-cell markers in several tumor types. The CD133+ cell subpopulation was shown to be enriched for tumor-initiating and highly chemoresistant cells in human cancer(s). METHODS We investigated whether CD133+ cells derived from human medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) possess tumor-initiating properties in vivo and exhibit differential responses to chemotherapeutic agents. We demonstrated that separated CD133+ cells from the human MTC cell line TT are enriched for tumor-initiating cells as demonstrated by tumor formation in vivo. Nevertheless, TT CD133+ cells do not exhibit increased chemoresistance in comparison to parental cells. However, when MTC xenotransplants were treated with the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in vivo, CD133 expression increased in MTC cells. RESULTS This cell line, designated FTTiv isolated from the drug-exposed xenotransplants, exhibits a significantly different response to 5FU associated with the substantial change in the expression profile of genes involved in 5FU metabolism and drug resistance. Moreover, the CD133+ tumor-initiating subpopulation derived from these drug-exposed FTTiv cells is significantly more resistant to 5FU and retains the chemoresistant properties upon FTTiv culture propagation. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the chemoresistant phenotype and the CD133+ MTC subpopulation emerged in response to chemotherapy in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- AC133 Antigen
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Medullary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Medullary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Medullary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fluorouracil/pharmacology
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Peptides/genetics
- Peptides/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kucerova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Feketeova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kozovska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Poturnajova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Matuskova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Babal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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41
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Ma R, Minsky N, Morshed SA, Davies TF. Stemness in human thyroid cancers and derived cell lines: the role of asymmetrically dividing cancer stem cells resistant to chemotherapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E400-9. [PMID: 24823711 PMCID: PMC3942234 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have the ability to self-renew through symmetric and asymmetric cell division. CSCs may arise from mutations within an embryonic stem cell/progenitor cell population or via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and recent advances in the study of thyroid stem cells have led to a growing recognition of the likely central importance of CSCs in thyroid tumorigenesis. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to establish the presence of a stem cell population in human thyroid tumors and to identify, isolate, and characterize CSCs in thyroid cancer cell lines. RESULTS 1) Human thyroid cancers (n = 10) and thyroid cancer cell lines (n = 6) contained a stem cell population as evidenced by pluripotent stem cell gene expression. 2) Pulse-chase experiments with thyroid cancer cells identified a label-retaining cell population, a primary characteristic of CSCs, which at mitosis divided their DNA both symmetrically and asymmetrically and included a population of cells expressing the progenitor marker, stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1). 3) Cells positive for SSEA-1 expressed additional stem cell markers including Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog were confirmed as CSCs by their tumor-initiating properties in vivo, their resistance to chemotherapy, and their multipotent capability. 4) SSEA-1-positive cells showed enhanced vimentin expression and decreased E-cadherin expression, indicating their likely derivation via EMT. CONCLUSIONS Cellular diversity in thyroid cancer occurs through both symmetric and asymmetric cell division, and SSEA-1-positive cells are one form of CSCs that appear to have arisen via EMT and may be the source of malignant thyroid tumor formation. This would suggest that thyroid cancer CSCs were the result of thyroid cancer transformation rather than the source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Ma
- Thyroid Research Unit, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and the James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York 10468
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42
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Gao YJ, Li B, Wu XY, Cui J, Han JK. Thyroid tumor-initiating cells: increasing evidence and opportunities for anticancer therapy (review). Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1035-42. [PMID: 24424445 PMCID: PMC3926673 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the notion that thyroid cancer is initiated by tumor-initiating cells (TICs) (commonly known as cancer stem cells), which are thought to play a crucial role in malignant progression, therapeutic resistance and recurrence. Thyroid TICs have been isolated and identified using specific biomarkers (such as CD133), the side population, sphere formation and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity assays. Although their characteristics remain largely unknown, TICs provide an attractive cellular mechanism to explain therapeutic refractoriness. Efforts are currently being directed toward the identification of therapeutic strategies that could target these cells. The present review discusses the cellular origins of TICs and the main approaches used to isolate and identify thyroid TICs, with a focus on the remaining challenges and opportunities for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ju Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Kui Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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43
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Chen XH, Bao YY, Zhou SH, Wang QY, Wei Y, Fan J. Glucose transporter-1 expression in CD133+ laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1695-700. [PMID: 24146103 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CD133 is a useful putative marker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in human laryngeal tumors. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CD133+ CSCs possess higher clonogenicity, invasiveness and tumorigenesis compared with CD133- cells. Recently, interest in the Warburg effect in the microenvironment of CSCs has escalated. The Warburg effect dictates that cancer cells rely on glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation under aerobic conditions. In numerous cancer cells, glucose is used mainly for the glycolytic pathway. Stem cells express high levels of glycolytic enzymes and rely mostly on glycolysis to meet their energy demands. Glucose is transported through cell membranes by glucose transporters (Glut). Studies of Glut-1 expression in CSCs are limited. In the present study, we investigated the proliferation of CD133+ Hep-2 cells and whether Glut-1 is expressed in laryngeal carcinoma CD133+ Hep-2 cells. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) demonstrated that the size of the CD133 product was 213 bp. Dissociation curve analysis demonstrated only the expected peaks at 82.1˚C for CD133. The mean ΔCt of CD133 expression was 10.98. Prior to isolation, the CD133+ fraction was 1.2% by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Following isolation, the CD133+ fraction was increased to 76.1%. Successive tests also demonstrated that cells grew well following isolation. The proliferation of CD133+ and CD133- cells was not different during the first 3 days (P>0.05). From day 4, the proliferation capacity of CD133+ cells in vitro was higher than that of CD133- cells (P<0.05). The mean ΔCt of Glut-1 mRNA expression was 1.78 for CD133+ cells and 1.00 for CD133- cells (P<0.05). The mean Glut-1 protein values in CD133+ and CD133- Hep-2 cells relative to β-tubulin were 0.48 ± 0.02 and 0.21 ± 0.03 (µg/µl), respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, CD133+ cells demonstrated higher proliferation. Glut-1 mRNA and protein levels were higher in CD133+ than in CD133- cells. Our results suggest that Glut-1 is important in the energy supply of laryngeal CD133+ Hep-2 cells and Glut-1 may represent a potential therapeutic target for the inhibition of the proliferation of laryngeal CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Kabat GC, Anderson ML, Heo M, Hosgood HD, Kamensky V, Bea JW, Hou L, Lane DS, Wactawski-Wende J, Manson JE, Rohan TE. Adult stature and risk of cancer at different anatomic sites in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:1353-63. [PMID: 23887996 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective studies in Western and Asian populations suggest that height is a risk factor for various cancers. However, few studies have explored potential confounding or effect modification of the association by other factors. METHODS We examined the association between height measured at enrollment in 144,701 women participating in the Women's Health Initiative and risk of all cancers combined and cancer at 19 specific sites. Over a median follow-up of 12.0 years, 20,928 incident cancers were identified. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate HR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) per 10 cm increase in height, with adjustment for established risk factors. We also examined potential effect modification of the association with all cancer and specific cancers. RESULTS Height was significantly positively associated with risk of all cancers (HR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.11-1.16), as well as with cancers of the thyroid, rectum, kidney, endometrium, colorectum, colon, ovary, and breast, and with multiple myeloma and melanoma (range of HRs: 1.13 for breast cancer to 1.29 for multiple myeloma and thyroid cancer). These associations were generally insensitive to adjustment for confounders, and there was little evidence of effect modification. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the positive association of height with risk of all cancers and a substantial number of cancer sites. IMPACT Identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated both with height and with increased cancer risk may help elucidate the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey C Kabat
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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Yan SX, Luo XM, Zhou SH, Bao YY, Fan J, Lu ZJ, Liao XB, Huang YP, Wu TT, Wang QY. Effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides glucose transporter-1 on enhancement of radiosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:1375-86. [PMID: 23983599 PMCID: PMC3753417 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.6855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Laryngeal carcinomas always resist to radiotherapy. Hypoxia is an important factor in radioresistance of laryngeal carcinoma. Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) is considered to be a possible intrinsic marker of hypoxia in malignant tumors. We speculated that the inhibition of GLUT-1 expression might improve the radiosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS We assessed the effect of GLUT-1 expression on radioresistance of laryngeal carcinoma and the effect of GLUT-1 expressions by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) on the radiosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS After transfection of GLUT-1 AS-ODNs: MTS assay showed the survival rates of radiation groups were reduced with the prolongation of culture time (p<0.05); Cell survival rates were significantly reduced along with the increasing of radiation dose (p<0.05). There was significant difference in the expression of GLUT-1mRNA and protein in the same X-ray dose between before and after X-ray radiation (p<0.05). In vivo, the expressions of GLUT-1 mRNA and protein after 8Gy radiation plus transfection of GLUT-1 AS-ODNs were significant decreased compared to 8Gy radiation alone (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Radioresistance of laryngeal carcinoma may be associated with increased expression of GLUT-1 mRNA and protein. GLUT-1 AS-ODNs may enhance the radiosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma mainly by inhibiting the expression of GLUT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Xiang Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
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