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Pan T, Su L, Zhang Y, Xu L, Chen Y. Advances in Bio-Optical Imaging Systems for Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Intestinal Bacteria. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300760. [PMID: 38491399 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Vast and complex intestinal communities are regulated and balanced through interactions with their host organisms, and disruption of gut microbial balance can cause a variety of diseases. Studying the mechanisms of pathogenic intestinal flora in the host and early detection of bacterial translocation and colonization can guide clinical diagnosis, provide targeted treatments, and improve patient prognosis. The use of in vivo imaging techniques to track microorganisms in the intestine, and study structural and functional changes of both cells and proteins, may clarify the governing equilibrium between the flora and host. Despite the recent rapid development of in vivo imaging of intestinal microecology, determining the ideal methodology for clinical use remains a challenge. Advances in optics, computer technology, and molecular biology promise to expand the horizons of research and development, thereby providing exciting opportunities to study the spatio-temporal dynamics of gut microbiota and the origins of disease. Here, this study reviews the characteristics and problems associated with optical imaging techniques, including bioluminescence, conventional fluorescence, novel metabolic labeling methods, nanomaterials, intelligently activated imaging agents, and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. It hopes to provide a valuable theoretical basis for future bio-intelligent imaging of intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Pan
- Hepatology Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Lihuang Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Hepatology Diagnosis and Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
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2
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Jiang H, Cao Z, Liu Y, Liu R, Zhou Y, Liu J. Bacteria-Based Living Probes: Preparation and the Applications in Bioimaging and Diagnosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306480. [PMID: 38032119 PMCID: PMC10811517 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria can colonize a variety of in vivo biointerfaces, particularly the skin, nasal, and oral mucosa, the gastrointestinal tract, and the reproductive tract, but also target specific lesion sites, such as tumor and wound. By virtue of their prominent characteristics in motility, editability, and targeting ability, bacteria carrying imageable agents are widely developed as living probes for bioimaging and diagnosis of different diseases. This review first introduces the strategies used for preparing bacteria-based living probes, including biological engineering, chemical modification, intracellular loading, and optical manipulation. It then summarizes the recent progress of these living probes for fluorescence imaging, near-infrared imaging, ultrasonic imaging, photoacoustic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography imaging. The biomedical applications of bacteria-based living probes are also reviewed particularly in the bioimaging and diagnosis of bacterial infections, cancers, and intestine-associated diseases. In addition, the advantages and challenges of bacteria-based living probes are discussed and future perspectives are also proposed. This review provides an updated overview of bacteria-based living probes, highlighting their great potential as a unique yet versatile platform for developing next-generation imageable agents for intelligent bioimaging, diagnosis, and even therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejin Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and NanomedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineState Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for CancerRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Zhenping Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and NanomedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineState Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for CancerRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Ying Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and NanomedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineState Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for CancerRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Rui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and NanomedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineState Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for CancerRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of RadiologyRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and NanomedicineInstitute of Molecular MedicineState Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for CancerRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
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3
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Zhu F, Zhang P, Liu Y, Bao C, Qian D, Ma C, Li H, Yu T. Mendelian randomization suggests a causal relationship between gut dysbiosis and thyroid cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1298443. [PMID: 38106470 PMCID: PMC10722196 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1298443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations in gut microbiota composition and function have been linked to the development and progression of thyroid cancer (TC). However, the exact nature of the causal relationship between them remains uncertain. Methods A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis was conducted to assess the causal connection between gut microbiota (18,340 individuals) and TC (6,699 cases combined with 1,613,655 controls) using data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The primary analysis used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method to estimate the causal effect, with supplementary approaches including the weighted median, weighted mode, simple mode, and MR-Egger. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy were assessed using the Cochrane Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and MR-PRESSO global test. A reverse TSMR analysis was performed to explore reverse causality. Results This study identified seven microbial taxa with significant associations with TC. Specifically, the genus Butyrivibrio (OR: 1.127, 95% CI: 1.008-1.260, p = 0.036), Fusicatenibacter (OR: 1.313, 95% CI: 1.066-1.618, p = 0.011), Oscillospira (OR: 1.240, 95% CI: 1.001-1.536, p = 0.049), Ruminococcus2 (OR: 1.408, 95% CI: 1.158-1.711, p < 0.001), Terrisporobacter (OR: 1.241, 95% CI: 1.018-1.513, p = 0.032) were identified as risk factors for TC, while The genus Olsenella (OR: 0.882, 95% CI: 0.787-0.989, p = 0.031) and Ruminococcaceae UCG004 (OR: 0.719, 95% CI: 0.566-0.914, p = 0.007) were associated with reduced TC risk. The reverse MR analysis found no evidence of reverse causality and suggested that TC may lead to increased levels of the genus Holdemanella (β: 0.053, 95% CI: 0.012~0.094, p = 0.011) and decreased levels of the order Bacillales (β: -0.075, 95% CI: -0.143~-0.006, p = 0.033). No significant bias, heterogeneity, or pleiotropy was detected in this study. Conclusion This study suggests a potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and TC, providing new insights into the role of gut microbiota in TC. Further research is needed to explore the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, China
| | - Chongchan Bao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Dong Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Bauer D, Cornejo MA, Hoang TT, Lewis JS, Zeglis BM. Click Chemistry and Radiochemistry: An Update. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1925-1950. [PMID: 37737084 PMCID: PMC10655046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The term "click chemistry" describes a class of organic transformations that were developed to make chemical synthesis simpler and easier, in essence allowing chemists to combine molecular subunits as if they were puzzle pieces. Over the last 25 years, the click chemistry toolbox has swelled from the canonical copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition to encompass an array of ligations, including bioorthogonal variants, such as the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition and the inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction. Without question, the rise of click chemistry has impacted all areas of chemical and biological science. Yet the unique traits of radiopharmaceutical chemistry have made it particularly fertile ground for this technology. In this update, we seek to provide a comprehensive guide to recent developments at the intersection of click chemistry and radiopharmaceutical chemistry and to illuminate several exciting trends in the field, including the use of emergent click transformations in radiosynthesis, the clinical translation of novel probes synthesized using click chemistry, and the advent of click-based in vivo pretargeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bauer
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Mike A. Cornejo
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University
of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D.
Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of
the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Tran T. Hoang
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York 10021, New York United States
| | - Brian M. Zeglis
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10021, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University
of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D.
Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of
the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York 10021, New York United States
- Ph.D.
Program
in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the
City University of New York, New
York, New York 10016, United States
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5
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Zheng Q, Chang PV. Shedding Light on Bacterial Physiology with Click Chemistry. Isr J Chem 2023; 63:e202200064. [PMID: 37841997 PMCID: PMC10569449 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria constitute a major lifeform on this planet and play numerous roles in ecology, physiology, and human disease. However, conventional methods to probe their activities are limited in their ability to visualize and identify their functions in these diverse settings. In the last two decades, the application of click chemistry to label these microbes has deepened our understanding of bacterial physiology. With the development of a plethora of chemical tools that target many biological molecules, it is possible to track these microorganisms in real-time and at unprecedented resolution. Here, we review click chemistry, including bioorthogonal reactions, and their applications in imaging bacterial glycans, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids using chemical reporters. We also highlight significant advances that have enabled biological discoveries that have heretofore remained elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Pamela V Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Cornell Center for Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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6
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Microbiota in vivo imaging approaches to study host-microbe interactions in preclinical and clinical setting. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12511. [PMID: 36593827 PMCID: PMC9803719 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging in preclinical and clinical settings can enhance knowledge of the host-microbiome interactions. Imaging techniques are a crucial node between findings at the molecular level and clinical implementation in diagnostics and therapeutics. The purpose of this study was to review existing knowledge on the microbiota in the field of in vivo imaging and provide guidance for future research, emphasizing the critical role that molecular imaging plays in increasing understanding of the host-microbe interaction. Preclinical microbiota animal models lay the foundation for the clinical translatability of novel microbiota-based therapeutics. Adopting animal models in which factors such as host genetic landscape, microbiota profile, and diet can be controlled enables investigating how the microbiota contributes to immunological dysregulation and inflammatory disorders. Current preclinical imaging of gut microbiota relies on models where the bacteria can be isolated, labelled, and re-administered. In vivo, optical imaging, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging define the bacteria's biodistribution in preclinical models, whereas nuclear imaging investigates bacterial metabolic activity. For the clinical investigation of microbe-host interactions, molecular nuclear imaging is increasingly becoming a promising approach. Future microbiota research should develop selective imaging probes to investigate in vivo microbiota profiles and individual strains of specific microbes. Preclinical knowledge can be translated into the molecular imaging field with great opportunities for studying the microbiome.
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7
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Zhou R, Qian S, Cho WCS, Zhou J, Jin C, Zhong Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Xu Z, Tian M, Chan LWC, Zhang H. Microbiota-microglia connections in age-related cognition decline. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13599. [PMID: 35349746 PMCID: PMC9124309 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable process that all individuals experience, of which the extent differs among individuals. It has been recognized as the risk factor of neurodegenerative diseases by affecting gut microbiota compositions, microglia, and cognition abilities. Aging‐induced changes in gut microbiota compositions have a critical role in orchestrating the morphology and functions of microglia through the gut‐brain axis. Gut microbiota communicates with microglia by its secreted metabolites and neurotransmitters. This is highly associated with age‐related cognitive declines. Here, we review the main composition of microbiota in the aged individuals, outline the changes of the brain in age‐related cognitive decline from a neuroinflammation perspective, especially the changes of morphology and functions of microglia, discuss the crosstalk between microbiota and microglia in the aged brain and further highlight the role of microbiota‐microglia connections in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Shufang Qian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - William C. S. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jinyun Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Chentao Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Zhoujiao Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Lawrence W. C. Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- The College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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8
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Total-body PET. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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9
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Lin L, Du Y, Song J, Wang W, Yang C. Imaging Commensal Microbiota and Pathogenic Bacteria in the Gut. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2076-2087. [PMID: 33856204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a newly discovered organ, gut microbiota has been extensively studied in the last two decades, with their highly diverse and fundamental roles in the physiology of many organs and systems of the host being gradually revealed. However, most of the current research heavily relies on DNA sequencing-based methodologies. To truly understand the complex physiological and pathological functions demonstrated by commensal and pathogenic gut bacteria, we need more powerful methods and tools, among which imaging strategies suitable for approaching this ecosystem in different settings are one of the most desirable. Although the phrase gut "dark matter" is often used in referring to the unculturability of many gut bacteria, it is also applicable to describing the formidable difficulties in visualizing these microbes in the intestines. To develop suitable and versatile chemical and biological tools for imaging bacteria in the gut, great efforts have been devoted in the past several years.In this Account, we highlight the recent progress made by our group and other laboratories in the development of visualization strategies for commensal microbiota and pathogenic bacteria in the gut. First, we summarize our efforts toward the development of derivatized antibiotic staining probes that directly bind to specific bacterial surface structures for selective labeling of different groups of gut bacteria. Next, metabolic labeling-based imaging strategies, using unnatural amino acids, unnatural sugars, and stable isotopes, for imaging gut bacteria on various scales and in different settings are discussed in detail. We then introduce nucleic acid staining-based bacterial imaging, using either general nucleic acid-binding reagents or selective-labeling techniques (e.g., fluorescence in situ hybridization) to meet the diverse needs in gut microbiota research. This classical imaging strategy has witnessed a renaissance owing to a series of new technical advancements. Furthermore, despite the notorious difficulties of performing genetic manipulations in many commensal gut bacteria, great effort has been made recently in engineering gut bacteria with reporters like fluorescent proteins and acoustic response proteins.Our perspectives on the current limitations of the chemical tools and strategies and the future directions for improvement are also presented. We hope that this Account can offer valuable references to spark new ideas and invite new efforts to help decipher the complex biological and chemical interactions between commensal microbiota and pathogenic bacteria and the hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yahui Du
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jia Song
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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10
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Giron MC, Mazzi U. Molecular imaging of microbiota-gut-brain axis: searching for the right targeted probe for the right target and disease. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:72-77. [PMID: 33262001 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The highly bidirectional dialogue between the gut and the brain is markedly stimulated and influenced by the microbiome through integrated neuroendocrine, neurological and immunological processes. Gut microbiota itself communicate with the host producing hormonal intermediates, metabolites, proteins, and toxins responsible for a variety of biochemical and functional inputs, thereby shaping host homeostasis. Indeed, a dysregulated microbiota-gut-brain axis might be the origin of many neuroimmune-mediated disorders, e.g. autism, multiple sclerosis, depression, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, which appear months or even years prior to a diagnosis, corroborating the theory that the pathological process is spread from the gut to the brain. A much deeper comprehension of how commensal microbe can be manipulated to interfere with disease progression is crucial for developing new strategies to diagnose and treat diseases. In recent years, the potential of positron-emission-tomography (PET) in the field of bacteria detection has gained attention. The uptake of several PET tracers has been evaluated to investigate infection pathophysiology, e.g. sterile or pathogen-mediated infection, monitoring of progression, or as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials. In this minireview, we briefly describe the role of microbiome-gut-brain axis in health and disease and we discuss the imaging modalities and agents that could be applied to study the dynamic interactions between microbiome, gut and brain. These are key aspects in understanding the biochemical lexicon underpinning the microbiome-host crosstalk that would enable the development of diagnostics and therapeutics by targeting the human microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Ulderico Mazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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11
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Wu L, Zou H, Wang H, Zhang S, Liu S, Jiang Y, Chen J, Li Y, Shao M, Zhang R, Li X, Dong J, Yang L, Wang K, Zhu X, Sun X. Update on the development of molecular imaging and nanomedicine in China: Optical imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 13:e1660. [PMID: 32725869 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has received increased attention worldwide, including in China, because it offers noninvasive characterization of widely diverse clinically significant pathologies. To achieve these goals, nanomedicine has evolved into a broad interdisciplinary field with flexible designs to accommodate and concentrate imaging and therapeutic payloads into pathological cells through selective binding to disease specific cell membrane biomarkers. This concept of personalized medicine reflects the vision of "magic bullets" proposed by German biochemist Paul Ehrlich over 100 years ago. As happening worldwide, Chinese scientists are contributing to this tsunami of science and technologies through impactful national programs and international research collaborations. This review provides a comprehensive update of Chinese innovations to address intractable unmet medical need in China and worldwide in the optical sciences. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyan Zou
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Shuang Liu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Chen
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengping Shao
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruixin Zhang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Dong
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Yang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xilin Sun
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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