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Xu D, Zhang Y, Huang W, Pan X, An S, Wang C, Huang G, Liu J, Wei W. ImmunoPET imaging of EpCAM in solid tumours with nanobody tracers: a preclinical study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06910-8. [PMID: 39249490 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a potential therapeutic target and anchoring molecule for circulating and disseminated tumour cells (CTC/DTC) in liquid biopsy. In this study, we aimed to construct EpCAM-specific immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging probes and assess the diagnostic abilities in preclinical cancer models. METHODS By engineering six single-domain antibodies (e.g., EPCD1 - 6) targeting EpCAM of different binding properties and labelling with 68Ga (T1/2 = 1.1 h) and 18F (T1/2 = 110 min), we developed a series of EpCAM-targeted immunoPET imaging probes. The probes' pharmacokinetics and diagnostic accuracies were investigated in cell-derived human colorectal (LS174T) and esophageal cancer (OE19) tumour models. RESULTS Based on in vitro binding affinities and in vivo pharmacokinetics of the first three tracers ([68Ga]Ga-NOTA-EPCD1, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-EPCD2, and [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-EPCD3), we selected [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-EPCD3 for tumour imaging which showed an average tumour uptake of 2.06 ± 0.124%ID/g (n = 3) in LS174T cell-derived tumour model. Development and characterisation of [18F]AIF-RESCA-EPCD3 showed comparable tumour uptake of 1.73 ± 0.0471%ID/g (n = 3) in the same tumour model. Further validation of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-EPCD3 in OE19 cell-derived tumour model showed an average tumour uptake of 4.27 ± 1.16%ID/g and liver uptake of 13.5 ± 1.30%ID/g (n = 3). Near-infrared fluorescence imaging with Cy7-EPCD3 confirmed the in vivo pharmacokinetics and relatively high liver accumulation. We further synthesized another three 18F-labeled nanobody tracers ([18F]AIF-RESCA-EPCD4, [18F]AIF-RESCA-EPCD5, and [18F]AIF-RESCA-EPCD6) and found that [18F]AIF-RESCA-EPCD6 had the best pharmacokinetics with low background. [18F]AIF-RESCA-EPCD6 showed explicit uptake in the subcutaneously inoculated OE19 tumour model with an average uptake of 4.70 ± 0.26%ID/g (n = 3). In comparison, the corresponding tumour uptake (0.17 ± 0.25%ID/g, n = 3) in the EPCD6 blocking group was substantially lower (P < 0.001), indicating the targeting specificity of the tracer. CONCLUSIONS We developed a series of 68Ga/18F-labeled nanobody tracers targeting human EpCAM. ImmunoPET imaging with [18F]AIF-RESCA-EPCD6 may facilitate better use of EpCAM-targeted therapeutics by noninvasively displaying the target's expression dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - You Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinbing Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shuxian An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Zhang J, Kang F, Wang X, Chen X, Yang X, Yang Z, Wang J. Recent Advances in Radiotracers Targeting Novel Cancer-Specific Biomarkers in China: A Brief Overview. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:38S-45S. [PMID: 38719241 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals play a critical role in nuclear medicine, providing novel tools for specifically delivering radioisotopes for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. As the starting point for developing radiopharmaceuticals, cancer-specific biomarkers are important and receive worldwide attention. This field in China is currently experiencing a rapid expansion, with multiple radiotracers targeting novel targets being developed and translated into clinical studies. This review provides a brief overview of the exploration of novel imaging targets, preclinical evaluation of their targeting ligands, and translational research in China from 2020 to 2023, for detecting cancer, guiding targeted therapy, and visualizing the immune microenvironment. We believe that China will play an even more important role in the development of nuclear medicine in the world in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Beijing, China
- International Cancer Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Beijing, China;
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China;
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Hu B, Ma X, Shi L, Liu T, Li L, Yao M, Li C, Jia B. Noninvasive Evaluation of Tumoral PD-L1 Using a Novel 99mTc-Labeled Nanobody Tracer with Rapid Renal Clearance. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1977-1986. [PMID: 38395797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The expression level of PD-L1 in tumor tissue is considered one of the effective biomarkers to guide PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Quantifying whole-body PD-L1 expression by SPECT imaging may help in selecting patients that potentially respond to PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Nanobody is the smallest antibody fragment with antigen-binding ability that is well suited for radionuclide imaging. Nevertheless, high retention of radioactivity in the kidney may limit its clinical translation. The present study aimed to screen, design, and prepare a nanobody-based SPECT probe with rapid renal clearance to evaluate the PD-L1 expression level in vivo noninvasively. A phage library was constructed by immunizing alpaca with recombinant human PD-L1 protein, and 17 anti-PD-L1 nanobodies were screened by the phage display technique. After sequence alignment and flow cytometry analysis, APN09 was selected as the candidate nanobody, and a GGGC chelator was attached to its C-terminus for 99mTc labeling to prepare a SPECT imaging probe. The affinity and specificity of 99mTc-APN09 were evaluated by protein and cell-binding experiments, and SPECT imaging and biodistribution were performed in a mouse model with bilateral transplantation of A549 and A549PD-L1 tumors. The ability of 99mTc-APN09 to quantify the PD-L1 expression level in vivo was validated in tumor models with different PD-L1 expression levels. 99mTc-APN09 had a radiochemical purity higher than 99% and a binding equilibrium dissociation constant of 21.44 ± 1.65 nM with hPD-L1, showing high affinity. SPECT imaging results showed that 99mTc-APN09 could efficiently detect PD-L1-positive tumors within 0.5 h, and the quantitative results of SPECT were well correlated with the expression level of PD-L1 in cell lines. SPECT imaging and biodistribution results also showed that 99mTc-APN09 was rapidly cleared from the kidney in 2 h postinjection. 99mTc-APN09 was a simple and stable tool for visualizing PD-L1 expression in the whole body. In addition, due to its significant reduction in renal retention, it has better prospects for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Hu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging Lab, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaopan Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Linqing Shi
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meinan Yao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenzhen Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Cong Y, Devoogdt N, Lambin P, Dubois LJ, Yaromina A. Promising Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches Based on VHHs for Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:371. [PMID: 38254860 PMCID: PMC10814765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the distinctive structure of heavy chain-only antibodies in species belonging to the Camelidae family has elicited significant interest in their variable antigen binding domain (VHH) and gained attention for various applications, such as cancer diagnosis and treatment. This article presents an overview of the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of VHHs as compared to conventional antibodies, and their usage in diverse applications. The singular properties of VHHs are explained, and several strategies that can augment their utility are outlined. The preclinical studies illustrating the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of distinct VHHs in diverse formats against solid cancers are summarized, and an overview of the clinical trials assessing VHH-based agents in oncology is provided. These investigations demonstrate the enormous potential of VHHs for medical research and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cong
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group (MITH), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J. Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Ala Yaromina
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW—School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.C.); (P.L.)
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Li L, Lin X, Wang L, Ma X, Zeng Z, Liu F, Jia B, Zhu H, Wu A, Yang Z. Immuno-PET of colorectal cancer with a CEA-targeted [68 Ga]Ga-nanobody: from bench to bedside. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3735-3749. [PMID: 37382662 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE An accurate diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) can assist physicians in developing reasonable therapeutic regimens, thereby significantly improving the patient's prognosis. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-targeted PET imaging shows great potential for this purpose. Despite showing remarkable abilities to detect primary and metastatic CRC, previously reported CEA-specific antibody radiotracers or pretargeted imaging are not suitable for clinical use due to poor pharmacokinetics and complicated imaging procedures. In contrast, radiolabeled nanobodies exhibit ideal characteristics for PET imaging, for instance, rapid clearance rates and excellent distribution profiles, allowing same-day imaging with sufficient contrast. In this study, we developed a novel CEA-targeted nanobody radiotracer, [68 Ga]Ga-HNI01, and assessed its tumor imaging ability and biodistribution profile in preclinical xenografts and patients with primary and metastatic CRC. METHODS The novel nanobody HNI01 was acquired by immunizing the llama with CEA proteins. [68 Ga]Ga-HNI01 was synthesized by site-specifically conjugating [68 Ga]Ga with tris(hydroxypyridinone) (THP). Small-animal PET imaging and biodistribution studies were performed in CEA-overexpressed LS174T and CEA-low-expressed HT-29 tumor models. Following successful preclinical assessment, a phase I study was conducted on 9 patients with primary and metastatic CRC. Study participants received 151.21 ± 25.25 MBq of intravenous [68 Ga]Ga-HNI01 and underwent PET/CT scans at 1 h and 2 h post injection. Patients 01-03 also underwent whole-body dynamic PET imaging within 0-40 min p.i. All patients underwent [18F]F-FDG PET/CT imaging within 1 week after [68 Ga]Ga-HNI01 imaging. Tracer distribution, pharmacokinetics, and radiation dosimetry were calculated. RESULTS [68 Ga]Ga-HNI01 was successfully synthesized within 10 min under mild conditions, and the radiochemical purity was more than 98% without purification. Micro-PET imaging with [68 Ga]Ga-HNI01 revealed clear visualization of LS174T tumors, while signals from HT-29 tumors were significantly lower. Biodistribution studies indicated that uptake of [68 Ga]Ga-HNI01 in LS174T and HT-29 was 8.83 ± 3.02%ID/g and 1.81 ± 0.87%ID/g, respectively, at 2 h p.i. No adverse events occurred in all clinical participants after the injection of [68 Ga]Ga-HNI01. A fast blood clearance and low background uptake were observed, and CRC lesions could be visualized with high contrast as early as 30 min after injection. [68 Ga]Ga-HNI01 PET could clearly detect metastatic lesions in the liver, lung, and pancreas and showed superior ability in detecting small metastases. A significant accumulation of radioactivity was observed in the kidney, and normal tissues physiologically expressing CEA receptors showed slight uptakes of [68 Ga]Ga-HNI01. An interesting finding was that strong uptake of [68 Ga]Ga-HNI01 was found in non-malignant colorectal tissues adjacent to the primary tumor in some patients, suggesting abnormal CEA expression in these healthy tissues. CONCLUSION [68 Ga]Ga-HNI01 is a novel CEA-targeted PET imaging radiotracer with excellent pharmacokinetics and favorable dosimetry profiles. [68 Ga]Ga-HNI01 PET is an effective and convenient imaging tool for detecting CRC lesions, particularly for identifying small metastases. Furthermore, its high specificity for CEA in vivo makes it an ideal tool for selecting patients for anti-CEA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xinfeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Unit III, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ziqing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Futao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Aiwen Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, Unit III, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China.
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Cheng Z, Ma J, Yin L, Yu L, Yuan Z, Zhang B, Tian J, Du Y. Non-invasive molecular imaging for precision diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes: opportunities from preclinical to clinical applications. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1111-1133. [PMID: 36443568 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-06056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is an indicator of the invasiveness and aggressiveness of cancer. It is a vital prognostic factor in clinical staging of the disease and therapeutic decision-making. Patients with positive metastatic lymph nodes are likely to develop recurrent disease, distant metastasis, and succumb to death in the coming few years. Lymph node dissection and histological analysis are needed to detect whether regional lymph nodes have been infiltrated by cancer cells and determine the likely outcome of treatment and the patient's chances of survival. However, these procedures are invasive, and tissue biopsies are prone to sampling error. In recent years, advanced molecular imaging with novel imaging probes has provided new technologies that are contributing to comprehensive management of cancer, including non-invasive investigation of lymphatic drainage from tumors, identifying metastatic lymph nodes, and guiding surgeons to operate efficiently in patients with complex lesions. In this review, first, we outline the current status of different molecular imaging modalities applied for lymph node metastasis management. Second, we summarize the multi-functional imaging probes applied with the different imaging modalities as well as applications of cancer lymph node metastasis from preclinical studies to clinical translations. Third, we describe the limitations that must be considered in the field of molecular imaging for improved detection of lymph node metastasis. Finally, we propose future directions for molecular imaging technology that will allow more personalized treatment plans for patients with lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongquan Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road 2#, ChaoYang Dist., Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lin Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Leyi Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhu Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road 2#, ChaoYang Dist., Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China.
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Maali A, Gholizadeh M, Feghhi-Najafabadi S, Noei A, Seyed-Motahari SS, Mansoori S, Sharifzadeh Z. Nanobodies in cell-mediated immunotherapy: On the road to fight cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1012841. [PMID: 36761751 PMCID: PMC9905824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1012841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is essential in recognizing and eliminating tumor cells. The unique characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as heterogeneity, reduced blood flow, hypoxia, and acidity, can reduce the efficacy of cell-mediated immunity. The primary goal of cancer immunotherapy is to modify the immune cells or the TME to enable the immune system to eliminate malignancies successfully. Nanobodies, known as single-domain antibodies, are light chain-free antibody fragments produced from Camelidae antibodies. The unique properties of nanobodies, including high stability, reduced immunogenicity, enhanced infiltration into the TME of solid tumors and facile genetic engineering have led to their promising application in cell-mediated immunotherapy. They can promote the cancer therapy either directly by bridging between tumor cells and immune cells and by targeting cancer cells using immune cell-bound nanobodies or indirectly by blocking the inhibitory ligands/receptors. The T-cell activation can be engaged through anti-CD3 and anti-4-1BB nanobodies in the bispecific (bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs)) and trispecific (trispecific T-cell engager (TriTEs)) manners. Also, nanobodies can be used as natural killer (NK) cell engagers (BiKEs, TriKEs, and TetraKEs) to create an immune synapse between the tumor and NK cells. Nanobodies can redirect immune cells to attack tumor cells through a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) incorporating a nanobody against the target antigen. Various cancer antigens have been targeted by nanobody-based CAR-T and CAR-NK cells for treating both hematological and solid malignancies. They can also cause the continuation of immune surveillance against tumor cells by stopping inappropriate inhibition of immune checkpoints. Other roles of nanobodies in cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy include reprogramming macrophages to reduce metastasis and angiogenesis, as well as preventing the severe side effects occurring in cell-mediated immunotherapy. Here, we highlight the critical functions of various immune cells, including T cells, NK cells, and macrophages in the TME, and discuss newly developed immunotherapy methods based on the targeted manipulation of immune cells and TME with nanobodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Maali
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Monireh Gholizadeh
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Noei
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sheila Seyed-Motahari
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Sharifzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Zahra Sharifzadeh,
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Gong X, Chi H, Strohmer DF, Teichmann AT, Xia Z, Wang Q. Exosomes: A potential tool for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1089410. [PMID: 36741380 PMCID: PMC9889675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1089410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, with a very poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most common treatments for ovarian cancer, with unsatisfactory results. Exosomes are a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles, which have a diameter of approximately 30-100 nm and are secreted by many different types of cells in various body fluids. Exosomes are highly stable and are effective carriers of immunotherapeutic drugs. Recent studies have shown that exosomes are involved in various cellular responses in the tumor microenvironment, influencing the development and therapeutic efficacy of ovarian cancer, and exhibiting dual roles in inhibiting and promoting tumor development. Exosomes also contain a variety of genes related to ovarian cancer immunotherapy that could be potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Undoubtedly, exosomes have great therapeutic potential in the field of ovarian cancer immunotherapy. However, translation of this idea to the clinic has not occurred. Therefore, it is important to understand how exosomes could be used in ovarian cancer immunotherapy to regulate tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the biomarkers of exosomes in different body fluids related to immunotherapy in ovarian cancer and the potential mechanisms by which exosomes influence immunotherapeutic response. We also discuss the prospects for clinical application of exosome-based immunotherapy in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dorothee Franziska Strohmer
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Tobias Teichmann
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynecology and Breast Diseases (Gynecology), Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhijia Xia
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany,*Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Qin Wang,
| | - Qin Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynecology and Breast Diseases (Gynecology), Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Qin Wang,
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Toyohara J, Al-Qahtani M, Huang YY, Cazzola E, Todde S, Furumoto S, Mikolajczak R, Decristoforo C, Gillings N, Yang M, Reilly R, Duatti A, Denkova A, Schirrmacher R, Carlucci G, Seimbille Y, Liu Z, Ellis B, Cornelissen BT, Kopka K, Bernardes E. Highlight selection of radiochemistry and radiopharmacy developments by editorial board. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:25. [PMID: 36182995 PMCID: PMC9526771 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Editorial Board of EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry releases a biannual highlight commentary to update the readership on trends in the field of radiopharmaceutical development. MAIN BODY This commentary of highlights has resulted in 21 different topics selected by each coauthoring Editorial Board member addressing a variety of aspects ranging from novel radiochemistry to first in man application of novel radiopharmaceuticals. CONCLUSION Trends in radiochemistry and radiopharmacy are highlighted demonstrating the progress in the research field in various topics including new PET-labelling methods, FAPI-tracers and imaging, and radionuclide therapy being the scope of EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Toyohara
- PET Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohammed Al-Qahtani
- Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceuticals Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ya-Yao Huang
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Emiliano Cazzola
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Vr), Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria, Negrar (Vr), Italia
| | - Sergio Todde
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Tecnomed Foundation, Monza, Italy
| | - Shozo Furumoto
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Renata Mikolajczak
- Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Otwock, Poland
- Ośrodek Radioizotopów POLATOM, NARODOWE CENTRUM BADAŃ JĄDROWYCH (NCBJ), Otwock, Poland
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nic Gillings
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Min Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu China
| | - Raymond Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Adriano Duatti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche e Agrarie Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italia
| | - Antonia Denkova
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Giuseppe Carlucci
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhaofei Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Beverley Ellis
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Bart T. Cornelissen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen (UMCG), University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emerson Bernardes
- Energy and Nuclear Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN/SP), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP), Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brasil
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Lan X, Huo L, Li S, Wang J, Cai W. State-of-the-art of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging in China: after the first 66 years (1956-2022). Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2455-2461. [PMID: 35665836 PMCID: PMC9167647 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuren Li
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA.
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