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Liu T, Liu H, Xue S, Xiao L, Xu J, Tong S, Wei X. MiR129-5p-loaded exosomes suppress seizure-associated neurodegeneration in status epilepticus model mice by inhibiting HMGB1/TLR4-mediated neuroinflammation. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:292. [PMID: 38332381 PMCID: PMC10853309 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation contributes to both epileptogenesis and the associated neurodegeneration, so regulation of inflammatory signaling is a potential strategy for suppressing epilepsy development and pathological progression. Exosomes are enriched in microRNAs (miRNAs), considered as vital communication tools between cells, which have been proven as potential therapeutic method for neurological disease. Here, we investigated the role of miR129-5p-loaded mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes in status epilepticus (SE) mice model. METHODS Mice were divided into four groups: untreated control (CON group), kainic acid (KA)-induced SE groups (KA group), control exosome injection (KA + Exo-con group), miR129-5p-loaded exosome injection (KA + Exo-miR129-5p group). Hippocampal expression levels of miR129-5p, HMGB1, and TLR4 were compared among groups. Nissl and Fluoro-jade B staining were conducted to evaluate neuronal damage. In addition, immunofluorescence staining for IBA-1 and GFAP was performed to assess glial cell activation, and inflammatory factor content was determined by ELISA. Hippocampal neurogenesis was assessed by BrdU staining. RESULTS The expression of HMGB1 was increased after KA-induced SE and peaking at 48 h, while hippocampal miR129-5p expression decreased in SE mice. Exo-miR129-5p injection reversed KA-induced upregulation of hippocampal HMGB1 and TLR4, alleviated neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA3, reduced IBA-1 + and GFAP + staining intensity, suppressed SE-associated increases in inflammatory factors, and decreased BrdU + cell number in dentate gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Exosomes loaded with miR129-5p can protect neurons against SE-mediated degeneration by inhibiting the pro-inflammatory HMGB1/TLR4 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyi Xue
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijie Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuyan Tong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu'e Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu, China.
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Tang Y, Xiao L, Deng C, Zhu H, Gao X, Li J, Yang Z, Liu D, Feng L, Hu S. [ 18F]FDG PET metabolic patterns in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with different pathological types. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:887-898. [PMID: 37581655 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate [18F]FDG PET patterns of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients with distinct pathologic types and provide possible guidance for predicting long-term prognoses of patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. METHODS This was a retrospective review of MTLE patients who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy between 2016 and 2021. Patients were classified as having chronic inflammation and gliosis (gliosis, n = 44), hippocampal sclerosis (HS, n = 43), or focal cortical dysplasia plus HS (FCD-HS, n = 13) based on the postoperative pathological diagnosis. Metabolic patterns and the severity of metabolic abnormalities were investigated among MTLE patients and healthy controls (HCs). The standardized uptake value (SUV), SUV ratio (SUVr), and asymmetry index (AI) of regions of interest were applied to evaluate the severity of metabolic abnormalities. Imaging processing was performed with statistical parametric mapping (SPM12). RESULTS With a mean follow-up of 2.8 years, the seizure freedom (Engel class IA) rates of gliosis, HS, and FCD-HS were 54.55%, 62.79%, and 69.23%, respectively. The patients in the gliosis group presented a metabolic pattern with a larger involvement of extratemporal areas, including the ipsilateral insula. SUV, SUVr, and AI in ROIs were decreased for patients in all three MTLE groups compared with those of HCs, but the differences among all three MTLE groups were not significant. CONCLUSIONS MTLE patients with isolated gliosis had the worst prognosis and hypometabolism in the insula, but the degree of metabolic decrease did not differ from the other two groups. Hypometabolic regions should be prioritized for [18F]FDG PET presurgical evaluation rather than [18F]FDG uptake values. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT This study proposes guidance for optimizing the operation scheme in patients with refractory MTLE and emphasizes the potential of molecular neuroimaging with PET using selected tracers to predict the postsurgical histology of patients with refractory MTLE epilepsy. KEY POINTS • MTLE patients with gliosis had poor surgical outcomes and showed a distinct pattern of decreased metabolism in the ipsilateral insula. • In the preoperative assessment of MTLE, it is recommended to prioritize the evaluation of glucose hypometabolism areas over [18F]FDG uptake values. • The degree of glucose hypometabolism in the epileptogenic focus was not associated with the surgical outcomes of MTLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chijun Deng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoyue Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaomei Gao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiquan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dingyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University (Jiangxi Branch), Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological, Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Pan D, Xu Y, Wang X, Wang L, Yan J, Shi D, Yang M, Chen M. Evaluation the in vivo behaviors of PM 2.5 in rats using noninvasive PET imaging with mimic particles. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139663. [PMID: 37506893 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled PM2.5 particles is harmful to human health. However, real-time tracking of PM2.5 particles and dynamic evaluation of the pharmacokinetic behaviors in vivo are still challenging. Here, PET imaging is utilized to noninvasively monitor the in vivo behavior of PM2.5 particles in rats. To mimic aerosol PM2.5 particles suspended in ambient air, 89Zr-labeled melanin nanoparticles (89Zr-MNP) are nebulized into microscopic liquid particles with a mean size of 2.5 μm. Then, the 89Zr-labeled PM2.5 mimic particles (89Zr-PM2.5) are administrated into rats via inhalation. PET imaging showed that 89Zr-PM2.5 mainly accumulated in the lungs for up to 384 h after administration. Besides, we also observe that a small amount of 89Zr-PM2.5 can penetrate the brain through the inhalation. Further PET imaging showed that enhanced uptakes of 18F-FDG and 18F-DPA-714 were found in the brain of rats upon PM2.5 mimic particle exposure, which revealed that pulmonary exposure to PM2.5 could cause potential damages to the brain. Note that abnormal glucose metabolism was reversed, but the neuroinflammation was permanent and could not be alleviated after ceasing PM2.5 exposure. Our results demonstrate that PET is a sensitive and feasible tool for evaluating the in vivo behaviors of PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, National Health Commission, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, National Health Commission, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, National Health Commission, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, National Health Commission, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, National Health Commission, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, China
| | - Dongjian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, National Health Commission, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, China.
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Zhao Y, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Yang Y, Du X, Feng H, Zhang S. Application of Deep Learning for Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease in PET/MR Imaging. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1120. [PMID: 37892850 PMCID: PMC10604050 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging is a promising technique that combines the advantages of PET and MR to provide both functional and structural information of the brain. Deep learning (DL) is a subfield of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on developing algorithms and models inspired by the structure and function of the human brain's neural networks. DL has been applied to various aspects of PET/MR imaging in AD, such as image segmentation, image reconstruction, diagnosis and prediction, and visualization of pathological features. In this review, we introduce the basic concepts and types of DL algorithms, such as feed forward neural networks, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and autoencoders. We then summarize the current applications and challenges of DL in PET/MR imaging in AD, and discuss the future directions and opportunities for automated diagnosis, predictions of models, and personalized medicine. We conclude that DL has great potential to improve the quality and efficiency of PET/MR imaging in AD, and to provide new insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Information Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Qianrui Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China;
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing United Imaging Research Institute of Intelligent Imaging, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Xuemei Du
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Hongbo Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
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Yu C, Deng XJ, Xu D. Microglia in epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106249. [PMID: 37536386 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of most common chronic neurological disorders, and the antiseizure medications developed by targeting neurocentric mechanisms have not effectively reduced the proportion of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Further exploration of the cellular or molecular mechanism of epilepsy is expected to provide new options for treatment. Recently, more and more researches focus on brain network components other than neurons, among which microglia have attracted much attention for their diverse biological functions. As the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, microglia have highly plastic transcription, morphology and functional characteristics, which can change dynamically in a context-dependent manner during the progression of epilepsy. In the pathogenesis of epilepsy, highly reactive microglia interact with other components in the epileptogenic network by performing crucial functions such as secretion of soluble factors and phagocytosis, thus continuously reshaping the landscape of the epileptic brain microenvironment. Indeed, microglia appear to be both pro-epileptic and anti-epileptic under the different spatiotemporal contexts of disease, rendering interventions targeting microglia biologically complex and challenging. This comprehensive review critically summarizes the pathophysiological role of microglia in epileptic brain homeostasis alterations and explores potential therapeutic or modulatory targets for epilepsy targeting microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Xue-Jun Deng
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
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6
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Wang X, Chen C, Yan J, Xu Y, Pan D, Wang L, Yang M. Druggability of Targets for Diagnostic Radiopharmaceuticals. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1107-1119. [PMID: 37588760 PMCID: PMC10425999 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Targets play an indispensable and pivotal role in the development of radiopharmaceuticals. However, the initial stages of drug discovery projects are often plagued by frequent failures due to inadequate information on druggability and suboptimal target selection. In this context, we aim to present a comprehensive review of the factors that influence target druggability for diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. Specifically, we explore the crucial determinants of target specificity, abundance, localization, and positivity rate and their respective implications. Through a detailed analysis of existing protein targets, we elucidate the significance of each factor. By carefully considering and balancing these factors during the selection of targets, more efficacious and targeted radiopharmaceuticals are expected to be designed for the diagnosis of a wide range of diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Chongyang Chen
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Junjie Yan
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Yuping Xu
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Donghui Pan
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- NHC
Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular
Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear
Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
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Blockade of Kv1.3 Potassium Channel Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314693. [PMID: 36499018 PMCID: PMC9740890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder whose pathophysiology relates to inflammation. The potassium channel Kv1.3 in microglia has been reported as a promising therapeutic target in neurological diseases in which neuroinflammation is involved, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Currently, little is known about the relationship between Kv1.3 and epilepsy. In this study, we found that Kv1.3 was upregulated in microglia in the KA-induced mouse epilepsy model. Importantly, blocking Kv1.3 with its specific small-molecule blocker 5-(4-phenoxybutoxy)psoralen (PAP-1) reduced seizure severity, prolonged seizure latency, and decreased neuronal loss. Mechanistically, we further confirmed that blockade of Kv1.3 suppressed proinflammatory microglial activation and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production by inhibiting the Ca2+/NF-κB signaling pathway. These results shed light on the critical function of microglial Kv1.3 in epilepsy and provided a potential therapeutic target.
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Jia H, Xie T. Tracers progress for positron emission tomography imaging of glial-related disease. J Biomed Res 2022; 36:321-335. [PMID: 36131689 PMCID: PMC9548440 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cells play an essential part in the neuron system. They can not only serve as structural blocks in the human brain but also participate in many biological processes. Extensive studies have shown that astrocytes and microglia play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, as well as glioma, epilepsy, ischemic stroke, and infections. Positron emission tomography is a functional imaging technique providing molecular-level information before anatomic changes are visible and has been widely used in many above-mentioned diseases. In this review, we focus on the positron emission tomography tracers used in pathologies related to glial cells, such as glioma, Alzheimer's disease, and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jia
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianwu Xie
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Tianwu Xie, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China. Tel: +86-21-64048363, E-mail:
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