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Fowler KJ, Bashir MR, Fetzer DT, Kitao A, Lee JM, Jiang H, Kielar AZ, Ronot M, Kamaya A, Marks RM, Elsayes KM, Tang A, Sirlin CB, Chernyak V. Universal Liver Imaging Lexicon: Imaging Atlas for Research and Clinical Practice. Radiographics 2023; 43:e220066. [PMID: 36427260 DOI: 10.1148/rg.220066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of standardized terms in assessing and reporting disease processes has well-established benefits, such as clear communication between radiologists and other health care providers, improved diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility, and the enhancement and facilitation of research. Recently, the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) Steering Committee released a universal liver imaging lexicon. The current version of the lexicon includes 81 vetted and precisely defined terms that are relevant to acquisition of images using all major liver imaging modalities and contrast agents, as well as lesion- and organ-level features. Most terms in the lexicon are applicable to all patients undergoing imaging of the liver, and only a minority of the terms are strictly intended to be used for patients with high risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. This pictorial atlas familiarizes readers with the liver imaging lexicon and includes discussion of general concepts, providing sample definitions, schematics, and clinical examples for a subset of the terms in the liver imaging lexicon. The authors discuss general, technical, and imaging feature terms used commonly in liver imaging, with the goal of illustrating their use for clinical and research applications. Work of the U.S. Government published under an exclusive license with the RSNA. Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Fowler
- From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, Calif (K.J.F., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (D.T.F.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (A.Kitao); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (A.Kamaya); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (V.C.)
| | - Mustafa R Bashir
- From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, Calif (K.J.F., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (D.T.F.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (A.Kitao); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (A.Kamaya); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (V.C.)
| | - David T Fetzer
- From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, Calif (K.J.F., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (D.T.F.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (A.Kitao); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (A.Kamaya); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (V.C.)
| | - Azusa Kitao
- From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, Calif (K.J.F., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (D.T.F.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (A.Kitao); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (A.Kamaya); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (V.C.)
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, Calif (K.J.F., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (D.T.F.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (A.Kitao); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (A.Kamaya); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (V.C.)
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, Calif (K.J.F., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (D.T.F.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (A.Kitao); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (A.Kamaya); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (V.C.)
| | - Ania Z Kielar
- From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, Calif (K.J.F., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (D.T.F.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (A.Kitao); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (A.Kamaya); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (V.C.)
| | - Maxime Ronot
- From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, Calif (K.J.F., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (D.T.F.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (A.Kitao); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (A.Kamaya); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (V.C.)
| | - Aya Kamaya
- From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, Calif (K.J.F., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (D.T.F.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (A.Kitao); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (A.Kamaya); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (V.C.)
| | - Robert M Marks
- From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, Calif (K.J.F., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (D.T.F.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (A.Kitao); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (A.Kamaya); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (V.C.)
| | - Khaled M Elsayes
- From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, Calif (K.J.F., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (D.T.F.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (A.Kitao); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (A.Kamaya); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (V.C.)
| | - An Tang
- From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, Calif (K.J.F., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (D.T.F.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (A.Kitao); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (A.Kamaya); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (V.C.)
| | - Claude B Sirlin
- From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, Calif (K.J.F., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (D.T.F.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (A.Kitao); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (A.Kamaya); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (V.C.)
| | - Victoria Chernyak
- From the Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, Calif (K.J.F., C.B.S.); Department of Radiology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC (M.R.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (D.T.F.); Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan (A.Kitao); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China (H.J.); Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.K.); Department of Radiology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, and Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, APHP.Nord, Clichy, France (M.R.); Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (A.Kamaya); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md (R.M.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.M.E.); Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (A.T.); and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 (V.C.)
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