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Piccardo A, Bottoni G, Puppo C, Massollo M, Ugolini M, Shoushtari Zadeh Naseri M, Melani E, Tomasello L, Boitano M, DeCensi A, Sambucco B, Campodonico F, Altrinetti V, Ennas M, Urru A, Negro CLA, Timossi L, Treglia G, Introini C, Fiz F. Role of 64CuCl 2 PET/CT in Detecting and Staging Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Comparison with Contrast-Enhanced CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT. J Nucl Med 2024:jnumed.124.267474. [PMID: 39054284 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.124.267474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MBC) is restricted to its locoregional and distant metastases, since most radiopharmaceuticals have a urinary excretion that limits the visualization of the primary tumor. 64CuCl2 , a positron-emitting radiotracer with nearly exclusive biliary elimination, could be well suited to exploring urinary tract neoplasms. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of 64CuCl2-based staging of patients with MBC; furthermore, we compared the diagnostic capability of this method with those of the current gold standards, that is, contrast-enhanced CT (ceCT) and 18F-FDG PET/CT. Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients referred to our institution for pathology-confirmed MBC staging/restaging between September 2021 and January 2023. All patients underwent ceCT, 18F-FDG, and 64CuCl2 PET/CT within 2 wk. Patient-based analysis and lesion-based analysis were performed for all of the potentially affected districts (overall, bladder wall, lymph nodes, skeleton, liver, lung, and pelvic soft tissue). Results: Forty-two patients (9 women) were enrolled. Thirty-six (86%) had evidence of disease, with a total of 353 disease sites. On patient-based analysis, ceCT and 64CuCl2 PET/CT showed higher sensitivity than 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting the primary tumor (P < 0.001); moreover, 64CuCl2 PET/CT was slightly more sensitive than 18F-FDG PET/CT in disclosing soft-tissue lesions (P < 0.05). Both PET methods were more specific and accurate than ceCT in classifying nodal lesions (P < 0.05). On lesion-based analysis, 64CuCl2 PET/CT outperformed 18F-FDG PET/CT and ceCT in detecting disease localizations overall (P < 0.001), in the lymph nodes (P < 0.01), in the skeleton (P < 0.001), and in the soft tissue (P < 0.05). Conclusion: 64CuCl2 PET/CT appears to be a sensitive modality for staging/restaging of MBC and might represent a "one-stop shop" diagnostic method in these scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldo Piccardo
- S.C. di Medicina Nucleare, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bottoni
- S.C. di Medicina Nucleare, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina Puppo
- S.C. Radiodiagnostica, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Massollo
- S.C. di Medicina Nucleare, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Ugolini
- S.C. di Medicina Nucleare, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Melani
- S.C. Radiodiagnostica, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Tomasello
- U.O. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Boitano
- S.C. Oncologia Medica, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea DeCensi
- S.C. Oncologia Medica, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Beatrice Sambucco
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL)-Radiology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Vania Altrinetti
- S.C. di Medicina Nucleare, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Ennas
- S.C. di Urologia, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessia Urru
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Villa Scassi Hospital-ASL 3, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Timossi
- S.S.A. Urologia dell'Ospedale Evangelico Internazionale, Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Treglia
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland; and
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Francesco Fiz
- S.C. di Medicina Nucleare, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy;
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Abdolmaleki S, Aliabadi A, Khaksar S. Unveiling the promising anticancer effect of copper-based compounds: a comprehensive review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:213. [PMID: 38662225 PMCID: PMC11045632 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Copper is a necessary micronutrient for maintaining the well-being of the human body. The biological activity of organic ligands, especially their anticancer activity, is often enhanced when they coordinate with copper(I) and (II) ions. Copper and its compounds are capable of inducing tumor cell death through various mechanisms of action, including activation of apoptosis signaling pathways by reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibition of angiogenesis, induction of cuproptosis, and paraptosis. Some of the copper complexes are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for their ability to map tumor hypoxia in various cancers, including locally advanced rectal cancer and bulky tumors. Several studies have shown that copper nanoparticles can be used as effective agents in chemodynamic therapy, phototherapy, hyperthermia, and immunotherapy. Despite the promising anticancer activity of copper-based compounds, their use in clinical trials is subject to certain limitations. Elevated copper concentrations may promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis by affecting cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdolmaleki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Alireza Aliabadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samad Khaksar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
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Capriotti G, Piccardo A, Giovannelli E, Signore A. Targeting Copper in Cancer Imaging and Therapy: A New Theragnostic Agent. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010223. [PMID: 36615024 PMCID: PMC9821557 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is required for cancer cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Copper-64 radionuclide (64Cu), a form of copper chloride (64CuCl2), is rapidly emerging as a diagnostic PET/CT tracer in oncology. It may also represent an interesting alternative to gallium-68 (68Ga) as a radionuclide precursor for labelling radiopharmaceuticals used to investigate neuroendocrine tumors and prostate cancer. This emerging interest is also related to the nuclear properties of 64CuCl2 that make it an ideal theragnostic nuclide. Indeed, 64CuCl2 emits β+ and β- particles together with high-linear-energy-transfer Auger electrons, suggesting the therapeutic potential of 64CuCl2 for the radionuclide cancer therapy of copper-avid tumors. Recently, 64CuCl2 was successfully used to image prostate cancer, bladder cancer, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and non-small cell lung carcinoma in humans. Copper cancer uptake was related to the expression of human copper transport 1 (hCTR1) on the cancer cell surface. Biodistribution, toxicology and radiation safety studies showed its radiation and toxicology safety. Based on the findings from the preclinical research studies, 64CuCl2 PET/CT also holds potential for the diagnostic imaging of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), malignant melanoma, and the detection of the intracranial metastasis of copper-avid tumors based on the low physiological background of radioactive copper uptake in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Capriotti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Nuclear Medicine Unit Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Arnoldo Piccardo
- S.C. Medicina Nucleare Ente Ospedaliero “Ospedali Galliera”, 16128 Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Giovannelli
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Nuclear Medicine Unit Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Signore
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Nuclear Medicine Unit Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
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Recent Advances in Cancer Imaging with 64CuCl2 PET/CT. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 56:80-85. [PMID: 35464672 PMCID: PMC8976861 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-022-00738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is required for cancer cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Radioactive copper-64 chloride (64CuCl2) is a useful radiotracer for cancer imaging with position emission tomography (PET) based on increased cellular uptake of copper mediated by human copper transporter 1 (hCtr1) expressed on cancer cell membrane. Significant progress has been made in research of using 64CuCl2 as a radiotracer for cancer imaging with PET. Radiation dosimetry study in humans demonstrated radiation safety of 64CuCl2. Recently, 64CuCl2 was successfully used for PET imaging of prostate cancer, bladder cancer, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and non-small cell lung carcinoma in humans. Based on the findings from the preclinical research studies, 64CuCl2 PET/CT also holds potential for diagnostic imaging of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), malignant melanoma, and detection of intracranial metastasis of copper-avid tumors based on low physiological background of radioactive copper uptake in the brain. Copper-64 radionuclide emits both β+ and β- particles, suggesting therapeutic potential of 64CuCl2 for radionuclide cancer therapy of copper-avid tumors. Recent progress in production of therapeutic copper-67 radionuclide invites clinical research in use of theranostic pair of 64CuCl2 and 67CuCl2 for cancer imaging and radionuclide therapy.
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A Prospective Study Assessing the Post-Prostatectomy Detection Rate of a Presumed Local Failure at mpMR with Either 64CuCl 2 or 64CuPSMA PET/CT. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215564. [PMID: 34771726 PMCID: PMC8582802 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of PET/CT with two novel tracers was investigated in prostate cancer patients with both a biochemical failure after surgery and a presumed local failure at multiparametric MR. Overall, both PET tracers detected only about 50% of local failures. Therefore, multiparametric MR remains the exam of choice to investigate the prostatic fossa in patients who fail surgery. Abstract Background: We aimed assess the detection rate (DR) of positron emission tomography/computed tomography with two novel tracers in patients referred for salvage radiotherapy (sRT) with a presumed local recurrence at multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMR) after radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: The present prospective study was conducted at a single institution between August 2017 and June 2020. Eligibility criteria were undetectable PSA after RP; subsequent biochemical recurrence (two consecutive PSA rises to 0.2 ng/mL or greater); a presumed local failure at mpMR; no distant metastases at 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT (CH/PET); no previous history of androgen deprivation therapy. Patients were offered both 64CuCl2 PET/CT (CU/PET) and 64Cu-PSMA PET/CT (PSMA/PET) before sRT. After image co-registration, PET findings were compared to mpMR ones in terms of DR and independent predictors of DR investigated at logistic regression. Results: A total of 62 patients with 72 nodules at mpMR were accrued. Compared to mpMR (DR = 100%, 95%CI: 94.9–100%), DRs were 47.2% (95%CI: 36.1–58.6%) and 54.4% (95%CI: 42.7–65.7%) for CU/PET and PSMA/PET, respectively (p < 0.001 for both). Both experimental PET/CT performed particularly poorly at PSA levels consistent with early sRT. Conclusions: The two novel radiotracers are inferior to mpMR in restaging the prostatic fossa for sRT planning purposes, particularly in the context of early salvage radiotherapy.
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Zheng Z, Qiu K, Huang W. Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) RAMS11 Promotes Metastatis and Cell Growth of Prostate Cancer by CBX4 Complex Binding to Top2α. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:913-923. [PMID: 33564266 PMCID: PMC7866953 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s270144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies have confirmed that parts of the non-coding genes in the human genome play an important role in the pathogenesis and metastasis of prostate cancer. Among them, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are vitally involved in the biological regulation of prostate cancer. In addition, lncRNAs are closely associated with the recurrence, metastasis and prognosis of prostate cancer. However, the molecular pathogenesis of lncRNAs in regulating cell growth and metastasis of prostate cancer remains unclear. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the function and mechanism of lncRNA RAMS11 in cell growth and metastasis of prostate cancer. Methods Prostate cancer and para-carcinoma tissue samples were obtained from 42 patients who were diagnosed from March 2013 to September 2014 at Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University. Microarray experiments and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) measured the expression of lncRNA. RWPE-2, LNCap, PC3 and DU145 cells were used for an in vitro model. Results The expression of lncRNA RAMS11 was up-regulated in prostate cancer tissue samples. LncRNA RAMS11 promoted cell growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. Down-regulation of lncRNA RAMS11 attenuated cell growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. We also demonstrated that lncRNA RAMS11 bound to CBX4 to activate expression of Top2α. LncRNA RAMS11 promoted tumor growth of prostate cancer in the mouse model. The inhibition of CBX4 attenuated the pro-cancer effects of lncRNA AMS11 in prostate cancer cells, while the activation of Top2α attenuated the anti-cancer effects of si-lncRNA RAMS11 in prostate cancer cells. Discussion Our results indicated that lncRNA RAMS11 promoted cell growth and metastasis of prostate cancer by CBX4 complex via binding to Top2α, and might be developed for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Zheng
- Urology Department, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyan Qiu
- Urology Department, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwen Huang
- Urology Department, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, People's Republic of China
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Pinto CIG, Bucar S, Alves V, Fonseca A, Abrunhosa AJ, da Silva CL, Guerreiro JF, Mendes F. Copper-64 Chloride Exhibits Therapeutic Potential in Three-Dimensional Cellular Models of Prostate Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:609172. [PMID: 33335914 PMCID: PMC7736412 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.609172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer type in men, and in advanced metastatic stages is considerable incurable. This justifies the need for efficient early diagnostic methods and novel therapies, particularly radiopharmaceuticals with the potential for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy (theranostics). We have previously demonstrated, using monolayer-cultured cells, that copper-64 chloride, a promising theranostic agent for PCa, has the potential to induce significant damage in cancer cells while having minimal side effects in healthy tissues. Here, we further explored this compound for its theranostic applications using more advanced PCa cellular models, specifically multicellular spheroids. Namely, we evaluated the cellular uptake of 64CuCl2 in three human PCa spheroids (derived from 22RV1, DU145, and LNCaP cells), and characterized the growth profile and viability of those spheroids as well as the clonogenic capacity of spheroid-derived cells after exposure to 64CuCl2. Furthermore, the populations of cancer stem cells (CSCs), known to be important for cancer resistance and recurrence, present in the spheroid models were also evaluated using two different markers (CD44 and CD117). 64CuCl2 was found to have significant detrimental effects in spheroids and spheroid-derived cells, being able to reduce their growth and impair the viability and reproductive ability of spheroids from both castration-resistant (22RV1 and DU145) and hormone-naïve PCa (LNCaP). Interestingly, resistance to 64CuCl2 treatment seemed to be related with the presence of a CSC population, since the most resistant spheroids, derived from the DU145 cell line, had the highest initial percentage of CSCs among the three cell lines under study. Altogether, these results clearly highlight the theranostic potential of 64CuCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I G Pinto
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Bucar
- Departamento de Bioengenharia, iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vítor Alves
- CIBIT/ICNAS Instituto de Ciências Nucleares Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Fonseca
- CIBIT/ICNAS Instituto de Ciências Nucleares Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antero J Abrunhosa
- CIBIT/ICNAS Instituto de Ciências Nucleares Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L da Silva
- Departamento de Bioengenharia, iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana F Guerreiro
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Mendes
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Piccardo A, Ugolini M, Righi S, Bottoni G, Cistaro A, Paparo F, Giovanella L, Evangelista L. Copper, PET/CT and prostate cancer: a systematic review of the literature. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2020; 64:382-392. [PMID: 32900177 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.20.03277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential element that plays an important role in both cancer development and growth. Indeed, high levels of copper have been found in prostate cancer (PCa), and this finding have paved the way for the use of this element as a target for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Copper64 (64Cu) can be used alone, as 64CuCl2, and also as a precursor for the in-vitro radio-labelling of specific carriers for PET imaging in PCa, (e.g. associated to prostate-specific membrane antigen: PSMA). The use of 64Cu-PSMA can yield late acquisitions in which PET images are characterized by a higher target-to-background ratio. At the same time, the shorter positron range of 64Cu provides high spatial resolution, which leads to better detection of small lesions. In this context, the aim of this review was to systematically review studies evaluating the identification of PCa in humans by means of 64CuCl2 and other PET tracers radio-labelled with 64Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldo Piccardo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy -
| | - Martina Ugolini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sergio Righi
- Medical Physics Department, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bottoni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angelina Cistaro
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Giovanella
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Laura Evangelista
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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