1
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Bawden EG, Wagner T, Schröder J, Effern M, Hinze D, Newland L, Attrill GH, Lee AR, Engel S, Freestone D, de Lima Moreira M, Gressier E, McBain N, Bachem A, Haque A, Dong R, Ferguson AL, Edwards JJ, Ferguson PM, Scolyer RA, Wilmott JS, Jewell CM, Brooks AG, Gyorki DE, Palendira U, Bedoui S, Waithman J, Hochheiser K, Hölzel M, Gebhardt T. CD4 + T cell immunity against cutaneous melanoma encompasses multifaceted MHC II-dependent responses. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi9517. [PMID: 38241401 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi9517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Whereas CD4+ T cells conventionally mediate antitumor immunity by providing help to CD8+ T cells, recent clinical studies have implied an important role for cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in cancer immunity. Using an orthotopic melanoma model, we provide a detailed account of antitumoral CD4+ T cell responses and their regulation by major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) in the skin. Intravital imaging revealed prominent interactions of CD4+ T cells with tumor debris-laden MHC II+ host antigen-presenting cells that accumulated around tumor cell nests, although direct recognition of MHC II+ melanoma cells alone could also promote CD4+ T cell control. CD4+ T cells stably suppressed or eradicated tumors even in the absence of other lymphocytes by using tumor necrosis factor-α and Fas ligand (FasL) but not perforin-mediated cytotoxicity. Interferon-γ was critical for protection, acting both directly on melanoma cells and via induction of nitric oxide synthase in myeloid cells. Our results illustrate multifaceted and context-specific aspects of MHC II-dependent CD4+ T cell immunity against cutaneous melanoma, emphasizing modulation of this axis as a potential avenue for immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G Bawden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology (IEO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Teagan Wagner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jan Schröder
- Computational Sciences Initiative, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maike Effern
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology (IEO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Daniel Hinze
- Institute of Experimental Oncology (IEO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Lewis Newland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology (IEO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Grace H Attrill
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ariane R Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sven Engel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Freestone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcela de Lima Moreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elise Gressier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nathan McBain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Annabell Bachem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashraful Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruining Dong
- Computational Sciences Initiative, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela L Ferguson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation theme, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jarem J Edwards
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter M Ferguson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Tissue Oncology and Diagnostic Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, College Park, MD, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David E Gyorki
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Umaimainthan Palendira
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason Waithman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Katharina Hochheiser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology (IEO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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2
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Yang Z, Wu G, Zhao J, Shi G, Zhou J, Zhou X. UBE2V2 promotes metastasis by regulating EMT and predicts a poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19850-19865. [PMID: 37755128 PMCID: PMC10587983 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE As a member of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) family, UBE2V2 demonstrates significant tumorigenicity in many cancers. However, the relationship between UBE2V2 expression and the morbidity of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still unknown. METHODS We detected the mRNA and protein expression of UBE2V2 and analyzed its relationship with clinical parameters as well as survival prognosis based on bioinformatic and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in LUAD. The signaling pathway of UBE2V2 in the development of LUAD was obtained by GSEA. The TIMER database was used to investigate the association between UBE2V2 expression and the level of infiltration of different immune cells. Finally, we explored the effects of UBE2V2 knockdown on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of LUAD cells. RESULTS The results showed that UBE2V2 was a potential oncogene and might be considered an independent prognostic molecule for LUAD patients based on TCGA prediction (HR: 1.497 p = 0.012) and IHC (HR:1.864 p = 0.044). IHC showed that UBE2V2 was related to the following clinicopathological factors: gender (p = 0.043), stage (p = 0.042), and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.002). Finally, knockdown of UBE2V2 reduced the migration of LUAD cells by regulating EMT-related proteins. Knockdown of UBE2V2 induced LUAD cells to arrest in the G1 phase. Knockdown of UBE2V2 increased LUAD cell apoptosis and decreased proliferation, which might be related to the downregulation of PCNA and upregulation of P53 and ƳH2AX expression. Interestingly, UBE2V2 is negatively correlated with B cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. CONCLUSION UBE2V2 may be a valuable therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Gujie Wu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan Hospital Fudan UniversityshanghaiChina
| | - Jianmei Zhao
- Department of PediatricsAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Guanglin Shi
- Department of respiratory medicineThe sixth people's hospital of NantongNantongChina
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
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3
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DiPalma MP, Blattman JN. The impact of microbiome dysbiosis on T cell function within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1141215. [PMID: 37009485 PMCID: PMC10063789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1141215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insights into the effect of the microbiome’s composition on immune cell function have recently been discerned and further characterized. Microbiome dysbiosis can result in functional alterations across immune cells, including those required for innate and adaptive immune responses to malignancies and immunotherapy treatment. Dysbiosis can yield changes in or elimination of metabolite secretions, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), from certain bacterial species that are believed to impact proper immune cell function. Such alterations within the tumor microenvironment (TME) can significantly affect T cell function and survival necessary for eliminating cancerous cells. Understanding these effects is essential to improve the immune system’s ability to fight malignancies and the subsequent efficacy of immunotherapies that rely on T cells. In this review, we assess typical T cell response to malignancies, classify the known impact of the microbiome and particular metabolites on T cells, discuss how dysbiosis can affect their function in the TME then further describe the impact of the microbiome on T cell-based immunotherapy treatment, with an emphasis on recent developments in the field. Understanding the impact of dysbiosis on T cell function within the TME can carry substantial implications for the design of immunotherapy treatments and further our understanding of factors that could impact how the immune system combats malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle P. DiPalma
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Joseph N. Blattman
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Joseph N. Blattman,
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4
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Boustani J, Joseph ELM, Martin E, Benhmida S, Lecoester B, Tochet F, Mirjolet C, Chevalier C, Thibouw D, Vulquin N, Servagi S, Sun X, Adotévi O. Cisplatin-based chemoradiation decreases telomerase-specific CD4 TH1 response but increases immune suppressive cells in peripheral blood. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:38. [PMID: 34144673 PMCID: PMC8212531 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The synergistic effect of chemoradiation (CRT) has been previously demonstrated in several cancer types. Here, we investigated the systemic immune effects of CRT in patients with lung or head and neck cancer. Materials and methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected at baseline and 1 month after treatment from blood samples of 29 patients treated with cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy for lung or head and neck cancer. Circulating anti-tumor Th1 response was assessed by the ELISpot assay using a mixture of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II restricted peptides derived from telomerase (TERT). Phenotyping of circulating immunosuppressive cells (Treg and MDSC) was performed by flow cytometry. Results A significant increase of circulating Treg was observed in 60% of patients after CRT The mean rate of Treg was 3.1% versus 4.9% at baseline and after CRT respectively, p = 0.0015). However, there was a no significant increase of MDSC rate after CRT. In contrast, a decrease of tumor-specific Th1 response was documented in 7 out of 10 evaluated patients. We found high frequency of pre-existing tumor-specific Th1 response among patients with objective response after CRT compared to non-responders. Conclusion Cisplatin-based CRT promotes expansion of Treg and decrease of circulating anti-tumor Th1 response in peripheral blood. The balance towards a sustained specific anti-tumor T-cell response appears to be associated with response to CRT. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-021-00429-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Boustani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France. .,INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France.
| | - Elodie Lauret Marie Joseph
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Etienne Martin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre George François Leclerc, 21079, Dijon, France
| | - Salim Benhmida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Benoit Lecoester
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Florent Tochet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Céline Mirjolet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre George François Leclerc, 21079, Dijon, France.,INSERM UMR 1231, 21079, Dijon, France
| | - Cédric Chevalier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre George François Leclerc, 21079, Dijon, France
| | - David Thibouw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre George François Leclerc, 21079, Dijon, France
| | - Noémie Vulquin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre George François Leclerc, 21079, Dijon, France
| | - Stéphanie Servagi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Godinot, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Xushan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, North Franche-Comté Hospital, 25200, Montbéliard, France
| | - Olivier Adotévi
- INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT, Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France
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5
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Dosset M, Castro A, Carter H, Zanetti M. Telomerase and CD4 T Cell Immunity in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061687. [PMID: 32630460 PMCID: PMC7352225 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is a conserved self-tumor antigen which is overexpressed in most tumors and plays a critical role in tumor formation and progression. As such, TERT is an antigen of great relevance to develop widely applicable immunotherapies. CD4 T cells play a major role in the anti-cancer response alone or with other effector cells such as CD8 T cells and NK cells. To date, efforts have been made to identify TERT peptides capable of stimulating CD4 T cells that are also able to bind diverse MHC-II alleles to ease immune status monitoring and immunotherapies. Here, we review the current status of TERT biology, TERT/MHC-II immunobiology, and past and current vaccine clinical trials. We propose that monitoring CD4 T cell immunity against TERT is a simple and direct way to assess immune surveillance in cancer patients and a new way to predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi). Finally, we present the initial results of a systematic discovery of TERT peptides able to bind the most common HLA Class II alleles worldwide and show that the repertoire of MHC-II TERT peptides is wider than currently appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Dosset
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-081, USA;
| | - Andrea Castro
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.C.); (H.C.)
- Health Science, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hannah Carter
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.C.); (H.C.)
| | - Maurizio Zanetti
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-081, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Bogen B, Fauskanger M, Haabeth OA, Tveita A. CD4 + T cells indirectly kill tumor cells via induction of cytotoxic macrophages in mouse models. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1865-1873. [PMID: 31448380 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It is well recognized that CD4+ T cells may play an important role in immunosurveillance and immunotherapy against cancer. However, the details of how these cells recognize and eliminate the tumor cells remain incompletely understood. For the past 25 years, we have focused on how CD4+ T cells reject multiple myeloma cells in a murine model (MOPC315). In our experimental system, the secreted tumor-specific antigen is taken up by tumor-infiltrating macrophages that process it and present a neoepitope [a V region-derived idiotypic (Id) peptide] on MHC class II molecules to Th1 cells. Stimulated Th1 cells produce IFNγ, which activates macrophages in a manner that elicits an M1-like, tumoricidal phenotype. Through an inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS)-dependent mechanism, the M1 macrophages secrete nitric oxide (NO) that diffuses into neighboring tumor cells. Inside the tumor cells, NO-derived reactive nitrogen species, including peroxynitrite, causes nitrosylation of proteins and triggers apoptosis by the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This mode of indirect tumor recognition by CD4+ T cells operates independently of MHC class II expression on cancer cells. However, secretion of the tumor-specific antigen, and uptake and MHCII presentation on macrophages, is required for rejection. Similar mechanisms can also be observed in a B-lymphoma model and in the unrelated B16 melanoma model. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which CD4+ T cells kill tumor cells indirectly via induction of intratumoral cytotoxic macrophages. The data suggest that induction of M1 polarization of tumor-infiltrating macrophages, by CD4+ T cells or through other means, could serve as an immunotherapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarne Bogen
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marte Fauskanger
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Audun Haabeth
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Tveita
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
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7
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Localized immune tolerance from FasL-functionalized PLG scaffolds. Biomaterials 2018; 192:271-281. [PMID: 30458362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intraportal allogeneic islet transplantation has been demonstrated as a potential therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D). The placement of islets into the liver and chronic immunosuppression to control rejection are two major limitations of islet transplantation. We hypothesize that localized immunomodulation with a novel form of FasL chimeric with streptavidin, SA-FasL, can provide protection and long-term function of islets at an extrahepatic site in the absence of chronic immunosuppression. Allogeneic islets modified with biotin and engineered to transiently display SA-FasL on their surface showed sustained survival following transplantation on microporous scaffolds into the peritoneal fat in combination with a short course (15 days) of rapamycin treatment. The challenges with modifying islets for clinical translation motivated the modification of scaffolds with SA-FasL as an off-the-shelf product. Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) was conjugated with biotin and fabricated into particles and subsequently formed into microporous scaffolds to allow for rapid and efficient conjugation with SA-FasL. Biotinylated particles and scaffolds efficiently bound SA-FasL and induced apoptosis in cells expressing Fas receptor (FasR). Scaffolds functionalized with SA-FasL were subsequently seeded with allogeneic islets and transplanted into the peritoneal fat under the short-course of rapamycin treatment. Scaffolds modified with SA-FasL had robust engraftment of the transplanted islets that restored normoglycemia for 200 days. Transplantation without rapamycin or without SA-FasL did not support long-term survival and function. This work demonstrates that scaffolds functionalized with SA-FasL support allogeneic islet engraftment and long-term survival and function in an extrahepatic site in the absence of chronic immunosuppression with significant potential for clinical translation.
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8
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Fauskanger M, Haabeth OAW, Skjeldal FM, Bogen B, Tveita AA. Tumor Killing by CD4 + T Cells Is Mediated via Induction of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase-Dependent Macrophage Cytotoxicity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1684. [PMID: 30083157 PMCID: PMC6064871 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells can induce potent anti-tumor immune responses. Due to the lack of MHC class II expression in most cancer cells, antigen recognition occurs indirectly via uptake and presentation on tumor-infiltrating antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Activation of the APCs can induce tumor rejection, but the mechanisms underlying tumor killing by such cells have not been established. To elucidate the molecular basis of CD4+ T-cell-mediated tumor rejection, we utilized a murine model of multiple myeloma, in which the T cells recognize a secreted tumor neoantigen. Our findings demonstrate that T cell recognition triggers inducible nitric oxide synthase activity within tumor-infiltrating macrophages. Diffusion of nitric oxide into surrounding tumor cells results in intracellular accumulation of toxic secondary oxidants, notably peroxynitrite. This results in tumor cell apoptosis through activation of the mitochondrial pathway. We find that this mode of cytotoxicity has strict spatial limitations, and is restricted to the immediate surroundings of the activated macrophage, thus limiting bystander killing. These findings provide a molecular basis for macrophage-mediated anti-tumor immune responses orchestrated by CD4+ T cells. Since macrophages are abundant in most solid tumors, evoking the secretion of nitric oxide by such cells may represent a potent therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Fauskanger
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Frode Miltzow Skjeldal
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Aune Tveita
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Haabeth OAW, Fauskanger M, Manzke M, Lundin KU, Corthay A, Bogen B, Tveita AA. CD4+ T-cell–Mediated Rejection of MHC Class II–Positive Tumor Cells Is Dependent on Antigen Secretion and Indirect Presentation on Host APCs. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4573-4585. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Weng J, Baio FE, Moriarty KE, Torikai H, Wang H, Liu Z, Maiti SN, Gwak D, Popescu MS, Cha SC, Cooper LJN, Neelapu SS, Kwak LW. Targeting B-cell malignancies through human B-cell receptor specific CD4 + T cells. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1232220. [PMID: 27999743 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1232220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The B-cell receptor (BCR) expressed by a clonal B cell tumor is a tumor specific antigen (idiotype). However, the T-cell epitopes within human BCRs which stimulate protective immunity still lack detailed characterization. In this study, we identified 17 BCR peptide-specific CD4+ T-cell epitopes derived from BCR heavy and light chain variable region sequences. Detailed analysis revealed these CD4+ T-cell epitopes stimulated normal donors' and patients' Th1 CD4+ T cells to directly recognize the autologous tumors by secretion of IFNγ, indicating the epitopes are processed and presented by tumor cells. One BCR peptide-specific CD4+ T cell line was also cytotoxic and lysed autologous tumor cells through the perforin pathway. Sequence analysis of the epitopes revealed that 10 were shared by multiple primary patients' tumors, and 16 had the capacity to bind to more than one HLA DRB1 allele. T cells stimulated by shared epitopes recognized primary tumors expressing the same sequences on multiple HLA DRB1 alleles. In conclusion, we identified 17 BCR-derived CD4+ T-cell epitopes with promiscuous HLA DRB1 binding affinity that are shared by up to 36% of patients, suggesting a strategy to overcome the requirement for individual preparation of therapeutic agents targeting idiotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Weng
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Flavio Egidio Baio
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelsey E Moriarty
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hiroki Torikai
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sourindra N Maiti
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dongho Gwak
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael S Popescu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Soung-Chul Cha
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laurence J N Cooper
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sattva S Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Larry W Kwak
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Tveita AA, Schjesvold F, Haabeth OA, Fauskanger M, Bogen B. Tumors Escape CD4+ T-cell–Mediated Immunosurveillance by Impairing the Ability of Infiltrating Macrophages to Indirectly Present Tumor Antigens. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3268-78. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Tveita AA, Schjesvold FH, Sundnes O, Haabeth OAW, Haraldsen G, Bogen B. Indirect CD4+ T-cell-mediated elimination of MHC II(NEG) tumor cells is spatially restricted and fails to prevent escape of antigen-negative cells. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2625-37. [PMID: 24846412 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-specific Th1 cells can activate tumor-infiltrating macrophages that eliminate MHC class II negative (MHC II(NEG)) tumor cells. Activated M1-like macrophages lack antigen (Ag) receptors, and are presumably unable to discriminate and thus kill both Ag-positive (Ag(POS)) and Ag-negative (Ag(NEG)) tumor cells (bystander killing). The lack of specificity of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity might be of clinical importance as it could provide a means of avoiding tumor escape. Here, we have tested this idea using mixed populations of Ag(POS) and Ag(NEG) tumor cells in a TCR-transgenic model in which CD4(+) T cells recognize a secreted tumor-specific antigen. Surprisingly, while Ag(POS) tumor cells were recognized and rejected, Ag(NEG) cells grew unimpeded and formed tumors. We further demonstrated that macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity was spatially restricted to areas dominated by Ag(POS) tumor cells, sparing Ag(NEG) tumor cells in the vicinity. As a consequence, macrophage tumoricidal activity did not confer bystander killing in vivo. The present results offer novel insight into the mechanisms of indirect Th1-mediated elimination of MHC II(NEG) tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders A Tveita
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Haabeth OAW, Tveita AA, Fauskanger M, Schjesvold F, Lorvik KB, Hofgaard PO, Omholt H, Munthe LA, Dembic Z, Corthay A, Bogen B. How Do CD4(+) T Cells Detect and Eliminate Tumor Cells That Either Lack or Express MHC Class II Molecules? Front Immunol 2014; 5:174. [PMID: 24782871 PMCID: PMC3995058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells contribute to tumor eradication, even in the absence of CD8+ T cells. Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells can directly kill MHC class II positive tumor cells. More surprisingly, CD4+ T cells can indirectly eliminate tumor cells that lack MHC class II expression. Here, we review the mechanisms of direct and indirect CD4+ T cell-mediated elimination of tumor cells. An emphasis is put on T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic models, where anti-tumor responses of naïve CD4+ T cells of defined specificity can be tracked. Some generalizations can tentatively be made. For both MHCIIPOS and MHCIINEG tumors, presentation of tumor-specific antigen by host antigen-presenting cells (APCs) appears to be required for CD4+ T cell priming. This has been extensively studied in a myeloma model (MOPC315), where host APCs in tumor-draining lymph nodes are primed with secreted tumor antigen. Upon antigen recognition, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into Th1 cells and migrate to the tumor. At the tumor site, the mechanisms for elimination of MHCIIPOS and MHCIINEG tumor cells differ. In a TCR-transgenic B16 melanoma model, MHCIIPOS melanoma cells are directly killed by cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in a perforin/granzyme B-dependent manner. By contrast, MHCIINEG myeloma cells are killed by IFN-γ stimulated M1-like macrophages. In summary, while the priming phase of CD4+ T cells appears similar for MHCIIPOS and MHCIINEG tumors, the killing mechanisms are different. Unresolved issues and directions for future research are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Audun Werner Haabeth
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Anders Aune Tveita
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Marte Fauskanger
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Fredrik Schjesvold
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Kristina Berg Lorvik
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Peter O Hofgaard
- KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Influenza Vaccines, Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Hilde Omholt
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Zlatko Dembic
- Faculty of Dentistry, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Alexandre Corthay
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; Tumor Immunology Group, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway ; KG Jebsen Centre for Research on Influenza Vaccines, Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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14
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The cellular mechanism by which complementary Id+ and anti-Id antibodies communicate: T cells integrated into idiotypic regulation. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 88:515-22. [PMID: 20066000 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2009.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The V region antigenic determinants (idiotopes (Ids)) of antibodies (Abs) have been suggested to be involved in regulating the immune system. Certain diseases such as diabetes mellitus have recently been associated with a disequilibrium between Id(+) and anti-Id Abs. However, it is unknown how Abs carrying complementary idiotypes (that is, Id(+) and anti-Id Abs) regulate each other at the level of B and T cells. In this study, we show that B lymphoma cells genetically equipped with anti-Id BCR V regions receive a signal when exposed to Id(+)Ig. Moreover, they become x 10(4) more efficient at presenting exogenous Id(+) Ab to CD4(+) T cells in vitro. Activated Id-specific T cells in turn regulated the Id-specific B lymphoma cells. Similar results were obtained in vivo in a surrogate model in which an Id-peptide was incorporated genetically into the C-region of a recombinant Ab that targeted IgD on B cells. The findings suggest that conventional T-B collaboration can explain communication between complementary Id(+) and anti-Id Ab at the cellular level. A model is suggested that integrates present and previous data on B-cell regulation by Id-specific T cells.
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15
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The idiotype connection: linking infection and multiple sclerosis. Trends Immunol 2009; 31:56-62. [PMID: 19962346 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
B cells present idiotopes (Id) from their B cell receptor to Id-specific CD4(+) T cells. Chronic Id-driven T-B cell collaboration can cause autoimmune disease in mice. We propose that Id-driven T-B cell collaboration mediates the development of multiple sclerosis by perpetuating immune responses initiated against infectious agents. During germinal centre reactions, B cells express a multitude of mutated Ids. While most mutations lead to decreased affinity and deletion of the B cell, some B cells could be rescued by Id-specific T cells. Such Id-connected T-B cell pairs might initiate inflammatory foci in the central nervous system. This model may explain the intrathecal synthesis of low-avidity IgG against viruses, and the synthesis of oligoclonal IgG with unknown specificity in multiple sclerosis.
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16
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Corthay A, Lundin KU, Lorvik KB, Hofgaard PO, Bogen B. Secretion of tumor-specific antigen by myeloma cells is required for cancer immunosurveillance by CD4+ T cells. Cancer Res 2009; 69:5901-7. [PMID: 19567679 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-specific CD4(+) T cells orchestrate the adaptive immune responses against cancer. We have previously shown that CD4(+) T cells recognize MHC class II-negative myeloma cells indirectly by collaborating with tumor-infiltrating macrophages. We, here, hypothesize that this critical step may be dependent on secretion of tumor-specific antigens by cancer cells. This was investigated using T-cell receptor-transgenic mice, in which CD4(+) T cells mediate rejection of syngeneic MOPC315 myeloma cells. We analyzed the immune response against myeloma cell variants, which either secrete or retain intracellularly a tumor-specific idiotypic (Id) antigen. Our results reveal that CD4(+) T cells helped by macrophages are capable of detecting nonsecreted tumor antigens from MHC class II-negative cancer cells. However, Id secretion was required for successful myeloma immunosurveillance. Antigen secretion resulted in stronger priming of naive myeloma-specific CD4(+) T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Secretion of antigen by at least some cancer cells within a tumor was shown to facilitate immunosurveillance. Treatment by local injection of purified tumor-specific antigen successfully enhanced immunity against nonsecreting myeloma cells. Collectively, the data indicate that antigen concentration within the tumor extracellular matrix must reach a certain threshold to allow successful cancer immunosurveillance by CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Corthay
- Center for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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17
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Hestvik ALK, Skorstad G, Vartdal F, Holmøy T. Idiotope-specific CD4(+) T cells induce apoptosis of human oligodendrocytes. J Autoimmun 2009; 32:125-32. [PMID: 19250800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells specific for immunologic non-self determinants on self-IgG, idiotopes (Id), can be raised from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). To test if Id-specific CD4(+) T cells have the potential to destroy oligodendrocytes (ODCs), we analyzed their ability to induce apoptosis of human ODC cell lines. Id-specific CD4(+) T cells stimulated with either Id-bearing B cells, Id-peptide presented by other antigen presenting cells, or by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 in the absence of accessory cells induced DNA fragmentation and killed ODCs. Killing required contact between the ODCs and the T cells, it did not depend on the cytokine profile of the T cells, it was independent of other cell types, and was inhibited by a general caspase inhibitor and an anti-Fas antibody. Activated CD4(+) T cells specific for glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 also induced apoptosis, showing that killing does not depend on cognate interaction between T cells and target cells but rather on the activation status of the T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lise Karlsgot Hestvik
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Hong S, Qian J, Yang J, Li H, Kwak LW, Yi Q. Roles of idiotype-specific t cells in myeloma cell growth and survival: Th1 and CTL cells are tumoricidal while Th2 cells promote tumor growth. Cancer Res 2008; 68:8456-64. [PMID: 18922919 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Idiotype (Id) protein, secreted by myeloma cells, is a tumor-specific antigen. Id-based immunotherapy has been explored in patients with myeloma, and results were disappointing. Although previous studies have shown that Id-specific CTLs are able to lyse myeloma cells, it is unclear whether other types of Id-specific T cells, such as type-1 T-helper (Th1) and type-2 T-helper (Th2) cells, are also able to suppress or kill myeloma cells. Using a 5T murine myeloma model, we generated T-cell clones of different subsets and examined their function in the context of myeloma cells. Id-specific CTLs specifically lysed myeloma cells via MHC class I, perforin, and Fas ligand (FasL), and Th1, but not Th2, cells lysed the myeloma cells by FasL-Fas interaction. CTL and Th1 cells also suppressed the growth and function of myeloma cells, whereas Th2 cells promoted the proliferation and enhanced the secretion of Id protein and cytokines by myeloma cells. CTL and Th1, but not Th2, cells were able to eradicate established myeloma in vivo after adoptive transfer. These results show that Id-specific CTL and Th1 are promising effector cells, whereas Th2 provide no protection and may even promote tumor progression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyoul Hong
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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19
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Assudani DP, Horton RBV, Mathieu MG, McArdle SEB, Rees RC. The role of CD4+ T cell help in cancer immunity and the formulation of novel cancer vaccines. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:70-80. [PMID: 16555057 PMCID: PMC11030950 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 03/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen the unprecedented surge of interest in the role of CD4+ T cells and the role they play in the development of the immune response. In this symposium review, we examine the evidence for this and discuss their functions, particularly in respect to the cancer immunology, including CD4+CD25+ cells (Treg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak P. Assudani
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Roger B. V. Horton
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Morgan G. Mathieu
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephanie E. B. McArdle
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert C. Rees
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
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20
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Houet L, Veelken H. Active immunotherapy of multiple myeloma. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42:1653-60. [PMID: 16797966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Since myeloma cells express various potential target antigens, active immunotherapy is being investigated as a novel treatment modality for myeloma. Immunization against the clonal myeloma immunoglobulin (idiotype) elicits protective immunity in mouse models. Idiotype vaccination of myeloma patients can induce cellular immunity, albeit as yet without firm evidence for improved clinical outcome. Other tumour-associated antigens (including cancer/testis antigens) are expressed with various frequencies in myeloma. T cells with specificity for these antigens may exist in myeloma patients, and immunization trials with some of these antigens are ongoing. Future studies need to identify the best antigen, the optimal vaccine formulation and schedule, and the preferable clinical situation for vaccination with myeloma antigens. In addition, immunization of stem cell donors with myeloma antigens may improve the efficacy and outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation through transfer of idiotype-directed immunity to the patient, and has already shown promising clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonora Houet
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
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21
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Ali S, King GD, Curtin JF, Candolfi M, Xiong W, Liu C, Puntel M, Cheng Q, Prieto J, Ribas A, Kupiec-Weglinski J, van Rooijen N, Lassmann H, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Combined immunostimulation and conditional cytotoxic gene therapy provide long-term survival in a large glioma model. Cancer Res 2005; 65:7194-204. [PMID: 16103070 PMCID: PMC1242178 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In spite of preclinical efficacy and recent randomized, controlled studies with adenoviral vectors expressing herpes simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK) showing statistically significant increases in survival, most clinical trials using single therapies have failed to provide major therapeutic breakthroughs. Because glioma is a disease with dismal prognosis and rapid progression, it is an attractive target for gene therapy. Preclinical models using microscopic brain tumor models (e.g., < or =0.3 mm3) may not reflect the pathophysiology and progression of large human tumors. To overcome some of these limitations, we developed a syngeneic large brain tumor model. In this model, administration of single therapeutic modalities, either conditional cytotoxicity or immunostimulation, fail. However, when various immunostimulatory therapies were delivered in combination with conditional cytotoxicity (HSV1-TK), only the combined delivery of fms-like tyrosine kinase ligand (Flt3L) and HSV1-TK significantly prolonged the survival of large tumor-bearing animals (> or =80%; P < or = 0.005). When either macrophages or CD4+ cells were depleted before administration of viral therapy, TK + Flt3L therapy failed to prolong survival. Meanwhile, depletion of CD8+ cells or natural killer cells did not affect TK + Flt3L efficacy. Spinal cord of animals surviving 6 months after TK + Flt3L were evaluated for the presence of autoimmune lesions. Whereas macrophages were present within the corticospinal tract and low levels of T-cell infiltration were detected, these effects are not indicative of an overt autoimmune disorder. We propose that combined Flt3L and HSV1-TK adenoviral-mediated gene therapy may provide an effective antiglioma treatment with increased efficacy in clinical trials of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumia Ali
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gwendalyn D. King
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
| | - James F. Curtin
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
| | - Weidong Xiong
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
| | - Mariana Puntel
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
| | - Queng Cheng
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesus Prieto
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Jerzy Kupiec-Weglinski
- Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Hans Lassmann
- Institute of Brain Research, Department of Neuroimmunology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology
- Requests for reprints: Maria G. Castro, Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Davis Building, Room R5090, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048. Phone: 310-423-7303; Fax: 310-423-7308; E-mail:
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