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Tai Y, Chen M, Wang F, Fan Y, Zhang J, Cai B, Yan L, Luo Y, Li Y. The role of dendritic cells in cancer immunity and therapeutic strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111548. [PMID: 38244518 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are asserted as the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that orchestrate both innate and adaptive immunity, being extremely effective in the induction of robust anti-cancer T cell responses. Hence, the modulation of DCs function represents an attractive target for improving cancer immunotherapy efficacy. A better understanding of the immunobiology of DCs, the interaction among DCs, immune effector cells and tumor cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) and the latest advances in biomedical engineering technology would be required for the design of optimal DC-based immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on elaborating the immunobiology of DCs in healthy and cancer environments, the recent advances in the development of enhancing endogenous DCs immunocompetence via immunomodulators as well as DC-based vaccines. The rapidly developing field of applying nanotechnology to improve DC-based immunotherapy is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunze Tai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Man Chen
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili, Guizhou 556000, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Organ Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bei Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Rezvan H, Ali SA, Hamoon Navard S, Rees R. Evaluation of murine OX40L-murine IgG1(MM1) fusion protein on immunogenicity against L. mexicana infection in BALB/c mice. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 99:102011. [PMID: 37393646 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The majority of OX40L is found on professional antigen-presenting cells (APC), the potency of OX40L to enhance the immunogenicity of potential vaccines against leishmania is not yet fully investigated. There is no report of administration of OX40L on cutaneous leishmaniasis either in therapy or prophylactic immunisation and the present study for the first time reports the effect of OX40L on L. mexicana infection. In this study, B9B8E2 cells were transfected with the murine OX40L and IgG1 plasmids, were used to produce the mOX40-mIgG1 (MM1). The therapeutic effects of MM1(mOX40L-mIgG1) was tested in a challenge experiment using L. mexicana infected BALB/c mice. Mice received two doses of MM1, on day 3 and 7 after the infection. Mice receiving MM1 generated an inflammatory reaction a few days after the injection of the OX40L, which was gradually dampened and finally disappeared 3 weeks later. There was a significant delay in the growth of developing lesions in mice receiving OX40L compared to controls injected with PBS and the size of lesions in the group receiving MM1 was significantly smaller than that of injected with either PBS. 40% of mice given MM1 remained lesion free for two months, when experiments were terminated. The results clearly indicate the high therapeutic effect of mOX40L-mIgG1 fusion protein in L. mexicana infection. The effect of OX40L on the enhancement of immunisation, needs to be further investigated for developing new vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Rezvan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of veterinary Sceince, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Selman A Ali
- School of Science, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Sahar Hamoon Navard
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of veterinary Sceince, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Robert Rees
- Department of Life Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
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Deng J, Zhao S, Zhang X, Jia K, Wang H, Zhou C, He Y. OX40 (CD134) and OX40 ligand, important immune checkpoints in cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7347-7353. [PMID: 31564917 PMCID: PMC6735535 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s214211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has shown promising results in cancer treatment. Research shows that most patients might be resistant to these therapies. So, new immune therapies are needed. OX40 (CD134) and OX40 ligand (OX40L), costimulatory molecules, express on different types of immune cells. The interaction between OX40 and OX40L (OX40/OX40L) induces the expansion and proliferation of T cells and decreases the immunosuppression of regulatory T (Treg) cells to enhance the immune response to the specific antigen. For the important role OX40 takes in the process of immunity, many clinical trials are focusing on OX40 to find out whether it may have active effects in clinical cancer treatment. The results of clinical trials are still not enough. So, we reviewed the OX40 and its ligand (OX40L) function in cancer, clinical trials with OX40/OX40L and the correlation between OX40/OX40L and other immune checkpoints to add more ideas to tumor feasible treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyi Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Gaston DC, Whitley RJ, Parker JN. Engineered herpes simplex virus vectors for antitumor therapy and vaccine delivery. Future Virol 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.11.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) have been exploited for both antitumor therapy and vaccine delivery. These mutant viruses retain their ability to replicate and lyse permissive cells, including many tumor types, and are referred to as oncolytic HSVs. In addition, deletion of nonessential genes permits the introduction of foreign genes to augment the antitumor effect by either immune stimulation, targeting for select tumors, or expression of tumor or vaccine antigens. This article reviews the development of oncolytic HSVs as an anticancer therapy, as well as the application of HSV-1 vectors for delivery of targeted antigens or as vaccine adjuvants. The impact of these novel vectors with respect to enhanced antitumor activity and development of antitumor vaccination strategies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Gaston
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Department of Cell Biology, CHB 130, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Richard J Whitley
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology, Medicine & Neurosurgery, CHB 303, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jacqueline N Parker
- Departments of Pediatrics & Cell Biology, CHB 118B, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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Zhang Y, Li Y. The Expanding Mi-2/NuRD Complexes: A Schematic Glance. PROTEOMICS INSIGHTS 2011. [DOI: 10.4137/pri.s6329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This mini-review will schematically update the progress of the expanding Mi-2/Nucleosome Remodeling Deacetylase (NuRD) complexes in cancer and in normal development such as stemness, with a focus on mammals and the increasingly popular and powerful model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. The Mi-2/NuRD complexes control gene activity during the development of complex organisms. Every Mi-2/NuRD complex contains many different core polypeptides, which form distinct multifunctional complexes with specific context-dependent regulators. The Mi-2/NuRD complexes have unique ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling, histone deacetylase, demethylase activities and higher order chromatin organization. They can regulate the accessibility of transcription factors or repair proteins to DNA. In this review, we summarize our current knowleges in the composition, interaction and function of the subunits within the Mi-2/NuRD complex, the methodology used for the identification of Mi-2/NuRD complexes, as well as the clinical and therapeutic implications targeting the Mi-2/NuRD subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yinghua Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Since its emergence onto the gene therapy scene nearly 25 years ago, the replication-defective Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 (HSV-1) amplicon has gained significance as a versatile gene transfer platform due to its extensive transgene capacity, widespread cellular tropism, minimal immunogenicity, and its amenability to genetic manipulation. Herein, we detail the recent advances made with respect to the design of the HSV amplicon, its numerous in vitro and in vivo applications, and the current impediments this virus-based gene transfer platform faces as it navigates a challenging path towards future clinical testing.
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Toh Y, Nicolson GL. The role of the MTA family and their encoded proteins in human cancers: molecular functions and clinical implications. Clin Exp Metastasis 2008; 26:215-27. [PMID: 19116762 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-008-9233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
MTA (metastasis-associated gene) is a newly discovered family of cancer progression-related genes and their encoded products. MTA1, the first gene found in this family, has been repeatedly reported to be overexpressed along with its protein product MTA1 in a wide range of human cancers. In addition, the expression of MTA1/MTA1 correlates with the clinicopathological properties (malignant properties) of human cancers. MTA proteins are transcriptional co-repressors that function in histone deacetylation and are involved in the NuRD complex, which contains nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylating molecules. MTA1 expression correlates with tumor formation in the mammary gland. In addition, MTA1 converts breast cancer cells to a more aggressive phenotype by repression of the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha trans-activation function through deacetylation of the chromatin in the ER-responsive element of ER-responsive genes. Furthermore, MTA1 plays an essential role in c-MYC-mediated cell transformation. Another member of this family, MTA3, is induced by estrogen and represses the expression of the transcriptional repressor Snail, a master regulator of "epithelial to mesenchymal transitions", resulting in the expression of the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin and maintenance of a differentiated, normal epithelial phenotype in breast cells. In addition, tumor suppressor p53 protein is deacetylated and inactivated by both MTA1 and MTA2, leading to inhibition of growth arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, a hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) is also deacetylated and stabilized by MTA1, resulting in angiogenesis. Thus, MTA proteins, especially MTA1, represent a possible set of master co-regulatory molecules involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of various malignant tumors. MTA proteins are proposed to be important new tools for clinical application in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Toh
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Miles AK, Matharoo-Ball B, Li G, Ahmad M, Rees RC. The identification of human tumour antigens: Current status and future developments. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:996-1003. [PMID: 16408215 PMCID: PMC11029826 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 12/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The biggest challenge facing us today in cancer control and prevention is the identification of novel biomarkers for detection and improved therapeutic interventions to reduce mortality and morbidity rates. Biomarkers are important indicators to inform us of the physiological state of the cell at a specific time. It is now clear that malignant transformation occurs by changes in cellular DNA and protein expression with subsequent clonal proliferation of the altered cells. The affected genes and their expressed protein products or biomarkers are those involved in the normal growth and maintenance of the cancerous cells. These biomarkers could prove pivotal for the identification of early cancer and people at risk of developing cancer. Altered proteins or changes in gene expression in malignant cells may lead to the expression of tumour antigens recognised by host immune system. In this review we discuss current research into the molecular technologies making possible the global genomic-wide analysis of changes in DNA (genotyping), RNA expression (transcriptomics) and protein expression (proteomics) that have accelerated the rate of new biomarker/tumour antigen discovery. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of cancer an approach that harmoniously integrates the various 'omic' platforms are key to unraveling the complexity 'needle-in-a-haystack' quality of biomarker/tumour antigen discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Miles
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Balwir Matharoo-Ball
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Geng Li
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Murrium Ahmad
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert C. Rees
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
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