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Bhukhai K, de Dreuzy E, Giorgi M, Colomb C, Negre O, Denaro M, Gillet-Legrand B, Cheuzeville J, Paulard A, Trebeden-Negre H, Borwornpinyo S, Sii-Felice K, Maouche L, Down JD, Leboulch P, Payen E. Ex Vivo Selection of Transduced Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Gene Therapy of β-Hemoglobinopathies. Mol Ther 2018; 26:480-495. [PMID: 29221807 PMCID: PMC5835017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although gene transfer to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has shown therapeutic efficacy in recent trials for several individuals with inherited disorders, transduction incompleteness of the HSC population remains a hurdle to yield a cure for all patients with reasonably low integrated vector numbers. In previous attempts at HSC selection, massive loss of transduced HSCs, contamination with non-transduced cells, or lack of applicability to large cell populations has rendered the procedures out of reach for human applications. Here, we fused codon-optimized puromycin N-acetyltransferase to herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase. When expressed from a ubiquitous promoter within a complex lentiviral vector comprising the βAT87Q-globin gene, viral titers and therapeutic gene expression were maintained at effective levels. Complete selection and preservation of transduced HSCs were achieved after brief exposure to puromycin in the presence of MDR1 blocking agents, suggesting the procedure's suitability for human clinical applications while affording the additional safety of conditional suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanit Bhukhai
- CEA, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; UMR_007, CEA and University of Paris Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France
| | - Edouard de Dreuzy
- CEA, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; UMR_007, CEA and University of Paris Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France
| | - Marie Giorgi
- CEA, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; UMR_007, CEA and University of Paris Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France
| | - Charlotte Colomb
- CEA, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; UMR_007, CEA and University of Paris Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France
| | - Olivier Negre
- CEA, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; UMR_007, CEA and University of Paris Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; bluebird bio, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; bluebird bio France, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France
| | | | - Béatrix Gillet-Legrand
- CEA, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; UMR_007, CEA and University of Paris Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; bluebird bio France, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France
| | - Joëlle Cheuzeville
- CEA, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; UMR_007, CEA and University of Paris Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; bluebird bio France, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France
| | - Anaïs Paulard
- CEA, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; UMR_007, CEA and University of Paris Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; bluebird bio France, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France
| | | | | | - Karine Sii-Felice
- CEA, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; UMR_007, CEA and University of Paris Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France
| | - Leila Maouche
- CEA, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; UMR_007, CEA and University of Paris Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; INSERM, Paris 75013, France
| | - Julian D Down
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Phillippe Leboulch
- CEA, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; UMR_007, CEA and University of Paris Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Harvard Medical School and Genetics Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Emmanuel Payen
- CEA, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; UMR_007, CEA and University of Paris Saclay, Fontenay aux Roses 92260, France; INSERM, Paris 75013, France.
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Antibodies elicited by the first non-viral prophylactic cancer vaccine show tumor-specificity and immunotherapeutic potential. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31740. [PMID: 27545199 PMCID: PMC4992835 DOI: 10.1038/srep31740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
MUC1 is a shared tumor antigen expressed on >80% of human cancers. We completed the first prophylactic cancer vaccine clinical trial based on a non-viral antigen, MUC1, in healthy individuals at-risk for colon cancer. This trial provided a unique source of potentially effective and safe immunotherapeutic drugs, fully-human antibodies affinity-matured in a healthy host to a tumor antigen. We purified, cloned, and characterized 13 IgGs specific for several tumor-associated MUC1 epitopes with a wide range of binding affinities. These antibodies bind hypoglycosylated MUC1 on human cancer cell lines and tumor tissues but show no reactivity against fully-glycosylated MUC1 on normal cells and tissues. We found that several antibodies activate complement-mediated cytotoxicity and that T cells carrying chimeric antigen receptors with the antibody variable regions kill MUC1(+) target cells, express activation markers, and produce interferon gamma. Fully-human and tumor-specific, these antibodies are candidates for further testing and development as immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Marr LA, Gilham DE, Campbell JDM, Fraser AR. Immunology in the clinic review series; focus on cancer: double trouble for tumours: bi-functional and redirected T cells as effective cancer immunotherapies. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 167:216-25. [PMID: 22235997 PMCID: PMC3278687 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important pathological conditions facing mankind in the 21st century, and is likely to become the most important cause of death as improvements continue in health, diet and life expectancy. The immune response is responsible for controlling nascent cancer through immunosurveillance. If tumours escape this control, they can develop into clinical cancer. Although surgery and chemo- or radiotherapy have improved survival rates significantly, there is a drive to reharness immune responses to treat disease. As T cells are one of the key immune cells in controlling cancer, research is under way to enhance their function and improve tumour targeting. This can be achieved by transduction with tumour-specific T cell receptor (TCR) or chimaeric antigen receptors (CAR) to generate redirected T cells. Virus-specific cells can also be transduced with TCR or CAR to create bi-functional T cells with specificity for both virus and tumour. In this review we outline the development and optimization of redirected and bi-functional T cells, and outline the results from current clinical trials using these cells. From this we discuss the challenges involved in generating effective anti-tumour responses while avoiding concomitant damage to normal tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Marr
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Jiang Y, Tang F, Li Z, Cui L, He W. Critical role of γ4 chain in the expression of functional Vγ4Vδ1 T cell receptor of gastric tumour-infiltrating γδT lymphocytes. Scand J Immunol 2011; 75:102-8. [PMID: 21988289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vγ4Vδ1 T cell receptor (TCRγ4δ1)-expressing γδT cells were the most dominant subset in gastric tumour-infiltrating γδT cells (γδTIL) we recently analyzed. To study the essential roles of γ and δ chains in assembly and function of TCRγ4δ1, we sequenced and constructed them into lentiviral vectors for the reconstitution of TCRγ4δ1 using different modalities of transduction. We were able to efficiently reconstitute TCRγ4δ1 with functional activities when both γ4 and δ1 chains are coexpressed in TCR-negative J.RT3-T3.5 cells. However, the expression of δ1 chain is greatly diminished when γ4 expression is absent, suggesting that the coexpressing γ4 is critical in maintaining the folding and stability of δ1 product. To functionally study the reconstituted TCRγ4δ1, we examined the cytolytic activity of TCRγ4δ1-reconstituted J.RT3-T3.5 cells and cytokine secretion and found the receptors are fully functional, but their functionality also requires the presence of γ4. Our results demonstrated that γ4 is critical for the stability of δ1 and the function of TCRγ4δ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
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Abstract
The overexpression and aberrant glycosylation of MUC1 is associated with a wide variety of cancers, making it an ideal target for immunotherapeutic strategies. This review highlights the main avenues of research in this field, focusing on adenocarcinomas, from the preclinical to clinical; the problems and possible solutions associated with each approach; and speculates on the direction of MUC1 immunotherapeutic research over the next 5-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Beatson
- Breast Cancer Biology Group, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Adoptive therapy with T cell receptor- (TCR-) redirected T cells has shown efficacy in mouse tumor models and first responses in cancer patients. One prerequisite to elicit effective anti-tumor reactivity is the transfer of high-avidity T cells. Their generation, however, faces several technical difficulties. Target antigens are often expressed at low levels and their recognition requires the use of high-affine receptors. Yet, mainly low-affinity TCRs have been isolated from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Furthermore, upon transfer into a T cell the introduced receptor has to compete with the endogenous TCR. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review discusses how the functional avidity of TCR-modified T cells can be enhanced by i) increasing the amount of introduced TCR heterodimers on the cell surface; and ii) generating receptors with high affinity. Risks of TCR gene therapy and possible safety mechanisms are discussed. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will gain an overview of the technical developments in TCR and T cell engineering. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Despite technical obstacles, many advances have been made in the generation of high-avidity T cells expressing enhanced TCRs. Mouse studies and clinical trials will evaluate the effect of these improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Kieback
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, D-13092 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Mucins are the most abundant high molecular weight glycoproteins in mucus. Their nature and glycosylation content dictates the biochemical and biophysical properties of viscoelastic secretions, pointing out an important role in diverse biological functions, such as differentiation, cell adhesions, immune responses, and cell signaling. Mucins are expressed in tubular organs by specialized epithelial cells in the body. Their aberrant expression is well documented in a variety of inflammatory or malignant diseases. From a prognosis point of view, their expression and alterations in glycosylation are associated with the development and progression of malignant diseases. Therefore, mucins can be used as valuable markers to distinguish between normal and disease conditions. Indeed, this alteration in glycosylation patterns generates several epitopes in the oligosaccharide side chains that can be used as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers. Furthermore, these characteristic tumor-associated epitopes are extensively used as appropriate immunotargets of malignant epithelial cells. Therefore, in an effort to detect and treat cancer at the earliest stage possible, mucins are analyzed as potential markers of disease for diagnosis, progression, and for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we focused on the current status of the distribution of mucins in normal and pathologic conditions and their clinical use both in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Maria P. Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Nicolas Moniaux
- INSERM, U785, Centre Hépatobiliaire, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Address for correspondence: Surinder K. Batra, Ph.D., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA. Tel: 402-559-5455; Fax: 402-559-6650;
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