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Ishitobi K, Kotani H, Iida Y, Taniura T, Notsu Y, Tajima Y, Harada M. A modulatory effect of L-arginine supplementation on anticancer effects of chemoimmunotherapy in colon cancer-bearing aged mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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2
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Harada M, Iida Y, Kotani H, Minami T, Komohara Y, Eto M, Yoshikawa K, Uemura H. T-cell responses and combined immunotherapy against human carbonic anhydrase 9-expressing mouse renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:339-352. [PMID: 34160685 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known to respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, whereas there has been limited analysis of T-cell responses to RCC. In this study, we utilized human carbonic anhydrase 9 (hCA9) as a model neoantigen of mouse RENCA RCC. hCA9-expressing RENCA RCC (RENCA/hCA9) cells were rejected in young mice but grew in aged mice. CD8+ T cells were the primary effector cells involved in rejection in young mice, whereas CD4+ T cells participated at the early stage. Screening of a panel of hCA9-derived peptides revealed that mouse CD8+ T cells responded to hCA9288-296 peptide. Mouse CD4+ T cells responded to lysates of RENCA/hCA9, but not RENCA cells, and showed reactivity to hCA9 276-290, which shares three amino acids with hCA9 288-296 peptide. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that few T cells infiltrated RENCA/hCA9 tissues in aged mice. ICB therapy of anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 antibodies promoted T-cell infiltration into tumor tissues, whereas no definite antitumor effect was observed. However, additional combination with cyclophosphamide or axitinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, induced complete regression in half of the RENCA/hCA9-bearing aged mice with increased expression of PD-L1 in tumor tissues. These results indicate that hCA9 can be a useful model neoantigen to investigate antitumor T-cell responses in mice with RCC, and that RENCA/hCA9 in aged mice can serve as a non-inflamed 'cold' tumor model facilitating the development of effective combined immunotherapies for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Harada
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Iida
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kotani
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takafumi Minami
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshikawa
- Division of Research Creation and Biobank, Research Creation Support Center, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Xue X, Asuquo I, Hong L, Gao J, Dong Z, Pang L, Jiang T, Meng M, Fan J, Wen J, Deng H, Zang X, Ma X, Guo R, Qin C, Meng Y, Ma H, Han J, Wang H, Xue Z, Zhao D, Lin D, Pan L. Catalog of Lung Cancer Gene Mutations Among Chinese Patients. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1251. [PMID: 32850378 PMCID: PMC7417348 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Detailed catalog of lung cancer-associated gene mutations provides valuable information for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. In China, there has never been a wide-ranging study cataloging lung cancer-associated gene mutations. This study aims to reveal a comprehensive catalog of lung cancer gene mutations in china, focusing on EGFR, ALK, KRAS, HER2, PIK3CA, MET, BRAF, HRAS, and CTNNB1 as major targets. Additionally, we also aim to correlate smoking history, gender, and age distribution and pathological types with various types of gene mutations. Patients and Methods: A retrospective data acquisition was conducted spanning 6 years (2013-2018) among all patients who underwent lung cancer surgeries not bronchial or percutaneous lung biopsy at three major tertiary hospitals. Finally, we identified 1,729 patients who matched our inclusion criteria. Results: 1081 patients (62.49%) harbored EGFR mutation. ALK (n = 42, 2.43%), KRAS (n = 201, 11.62%), CTNNB1 (n = 28, 1.62%), BRAF (n = 31, 1.79%), PIK3CA (n = 51, 2.95%), MET (n = 14, 0.81%), HER2 (n = 47, 2.72%), HRAS (n = 3, 0.17%), and other genes(n = 232, 13.4%). Females expressed 55.38% vs. males 44.62% mutations. Among subjects with known smoking histories, 32.82% smokers, 67.15% non-smokers were observed. Generally, 51.80% patients were above 60 years vs. 48.20% in younger patients. Pathological types found includes LUADs 71.11%, SQCCs 1.68%, ASC 0.75%, LCC 0.58%, SCC 0.35%, ACC 0.17%, and SC 0.06%, unclear 25.19%. Conclusion: We offer a detailed catalog of the distribution of lung cancer mutations. Showing how gender, smoking history, age, and pathological types are significantly related to the prevalence of lung cancer in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Idorenyin Asuquo
- Department of Radiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lei Hong
- Internal Medicine Department, Xuhui Changqiao Community Health Care Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhouhuan Dong
- Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Pang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjiao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingming Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbo Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Jiaxin Wen
- Department of Chest Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelei Zang
- Department of Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xidong Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Meng
- Department of Chest Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Heji Ma
- Department of Radiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haijiao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xue
- Department of Chest Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dahai Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Dongliang Lin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Masuda T, Fujitaka K, Ishikawa N, Nakano K, Yamasaki M, Kitaguchi S, Masuda K, Yamaguchi K, Sakamoto S, Horimasu Y, Kawase S, Miyamoto S, Nakashima T, Iwamoto H, Shiota N, Senoo T, Awaya Y, Kondo T, Yoshida T, Hamada H, Murakami I, Hattori N. Treatment rationale and design of the PROLONG study: safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab as first-line therapy for elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:1079-1084. [PMID: 32274176 PMCID: PMC7139059 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.12.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Pembrolizumab is recommended as first-line therapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and a Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) of ≥50% without driver mutations. However, the safety and efficacy were not investigated among patients who were ≥75 years old. Methods This open-label single-arm phase II study is designed to evaluate pembrolizumab as first-line therapy for patients who are ≥75 years old with advanced NSCLC and a PD-L1 TPS of ≥50% without driver mutations. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival, and the secondary endpoints are overall survival, objective response rate, safety, and quality of life. Recruitment started in October 2017 and is expected to continue for approximately 3 years. Conclusions Given the currently poor prognosis of elderly patients with advanced NSCLC, we hope that the findings of this study will facilitate more effective treatment in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujitaka
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Ishikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, 1-5-54 Ujinakanda, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8530, Japan
| | - Kikuo Nakano
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Kure Medical Center, 3-1 Aoyama, Kure, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamasaki
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic-bomb Survivors Hospital, 1-9-6 Sendamachi Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8619, Japan
| | - Souichi Kitaguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens' Hospital, 2-1-1 Kabeminami, Asakita-ku, Hiroshima, 731-0293, Japan
| | - Ken Masuda
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, 7-33 Motomachi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8518, Japan
| | - Kakuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasushi Horimasu
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kawase
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Kure Kyosai Hospital, 2-3-28 Nishichuo, Kure, 737-8505, Japan
| | - Shintaro Miyamoto
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Taku Nakashima
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Naoki Shiota
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Chugoku Rosai Hospital, 1-5-1 Hirotakaya, Kure, 737-0193, Japan
| | - Tadashi Senoo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Awaya
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Miyoshi Central Hospital, 10531 Higashisakaya, Miyoshi, 728-8502, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kondo
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, 1-3-3 jigozen, Hatsukaichi, 738-8503, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshida
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, JA Onomichi General Hospital, 1-10-23, Hirahara, Onomichi, 722-8508, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Isao Murakami
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Higashihiroshima Medical Center, 513, Jike, Higashihiroshima, 739-0041, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Szor DJ, Dias AR, Pereira MA, Ramos MFKP, Zilberstein B, Cecconello I, Ribeiro U. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio change after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a subgroup analysis. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2020; 18:eAO4860. [PMID: 31778466 PMCID: PMC6896601 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ao4860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio change after curative surgery for gastric cancer. METHODS A retrospective analysis of patients with gastric cancer who underwent curative surgery between 2009 and 2017 was performed. A cutoff value was established for the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in the pre- and postoperative periods, according to the median value, and four subgroups were formed (low-low/low-high/high-low/high-high). Clinical-pathological and survival data were analyzed and related to these subgroups. RESULTS A total of 325 patients were included in the study. The cutoff values of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio were 2.14 and 1.8 for the pre and postoperative periods, respectively. In patients with stages I and II, the high-high subgroup presented worse overall survival (p=0.016) and disease-free survival (p=0.001). Complications were higher in the low-high subgroup of patients. CONCLUSION The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is a low cost, efficient and reproducible marker. The prognosis individualization can be performed according to the identification of subgroups at a higher risk of complications and worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel José Szor
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de MedicinaInstituto do Câncer do Estado de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazilInstituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Corresponding author: Daniel José Szor Avenida Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 255 Cerqueira César Zip code: 05403-000 – São Paulo, SP, Brazil Phone: (55 11) 3289-5222 E-mail:
| | - André Roncon Dias
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de MedicinaInstituto do Câncer do Estado de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazilInstituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marina Alessandra Pereira
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de MedicinaInstituto do Câncer do Estado de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazilInstituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcus Fernando Kodama Pertille Ramos
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de MedicinaInstituto do Câncer do Estado de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazilInstituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Zilberstein
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de MedicinaInstituto do Câncer do Estado de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazilInstituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ivan Cecconello
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de MedicinaInstituto do Câncer do Estado de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazilInstituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ulysses Ribeiro
- Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de MedicinaInstituto do Câncer do Estado de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazilInstituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Yilmaz M, Wang F, Loghavi S, Bueso-Ramos C, Gumbs C, Little L, Song X, Zhang J, Kadia T, Borthakur G, Jabbour E, Pemmaraju N, Short N, Garcia-Manero G, Estrov Z, Kantarjian H, Futreal A, Takahashi K, Ravandi F. Late relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): clonal evolution or therapy-related leukemia? Blood Cancer J 2019; 9:7. [PMID: 30651532 PMCID: PMC6335405 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-019-0170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Late relapse, defined as relapse arising after at least 5 years of remission, is rare and occurs in 1–3% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The underlying mechanisms of late relapse remain poorly understood. We identified patients with AML who achieved remission with standard induction chemotherapy and relapsed after at least five years of remission (n = 15). Whole exome sequencing was performed in available bone marrow samples obtained at diagnosis (n = 10), remission (n = 6), and first relapse (n = 10). A total of 41 driver mutations were identified, of which 11 were primary tumor-specific, 17 relapse-specific, and 13 shared (detected both in primary and relapsed tumor samples). We demonstrated that 12 of 13 shared mutations were in epigenetic modifier and spliceosome genes. Longitudinal genomic characterization revealed that in eight of 10 patients the founder leukemic clone persisted after chemotherapy and established the basis of relapse years later. Understanding the mechanisms of such quiescence in leukemic cells may help designing future strategies aimed at increasing remission duration in patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Yilmaz
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Genomics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sanam Loghavi
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carlos Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Curtis Gumbs
- Department of Genomics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Latasha Little
- Department of Genomics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tapan Kadia
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas Short
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Gardner JK, Jackaman C, Mamotte CDS, Nelson DJ. The Regulatory Status Adopted by Lymph Node Dendritic Cells and T Cells During Healthy Aging Is Maintained During Cancer and May Contribute to Reduced Responses to Immunotherapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:337. [PMID: 30560130 PMCID: PMC6287204 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increased incidence of cancer. One contributing factor could be modulation of immune cells responsible for anti-tumor responses, such as dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells. These immunological changes may also impact the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies in the elderly. The effects of healthy aging on DCs and T cells, and their impact on anti-mesothelioma immune responses, had not been reported. This study examined DCs and T cells in young (2–5 months; equivalent to 16–26 human years) and elderly (20–24 months; equivalent to 60–70 human years) healthy and mesothelioma-bearing C57BL/6J mice. During healthy aging, elderly lymph nodes adopted a regulatory profile, characterized by: (i) increased plasmacytoid DCs, (ii) increased expression of the adenosine-producing enzyme CD73 on CD11c+ cells, and (iii) increased expression of multiple regulatory markers (including CD73, the adenosine A2B receptor, CTLA-4, PD-1, ICOS, LAG-3, and IL-10) on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, compared to lymph nodes from young mice. Although mesotheliomas grew faster in elderly mice, the increased regulatory status observed in healthy elderly lymph node DCs and T cells was not further exacerbated. However, elderly tumor-bearing mice demonstrated reduced MHC-I, MHC-II and CD80 on CD11c+ cells, and decreased IFN-γ by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells within tumors, compared to young counterparts, implying loss of function. An agonist CD40 antibody based immunotherapy was less efficient at promoting tumor regression in elderly mice, which may be due to: (i) failure of elderly CD8+ T cells to up-regulate perforin, and (ii) increased expression of multiple regulatory markers on CD11c+ cells and T cells in elderly tumor-draining lymph nodes (including CD73, PD-1, ICOS, LAG-3, and TGF-β). Our findings suggest that checkpoint blockade may improve responses to immunotherapy in elderly hosts with mesothelioma, and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne K Gardner
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Connie Jackaman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Cyril D S Mamotte
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Delia J Nelson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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8
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Ibrahim T, Mateus C, Baz M, Robert C. Older melanoma patients aged 75 and above retain responsiveness to anti-PD1 therapy: results of a retrospective single-institution cohort study. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1571-1578. [PMID: 30056599 PMCID: PMC11028036 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The utility of immunotherapy in elderly melanoma patients is debated. We aimed in this study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of immunotherapy among elderly patients. METHOD This is a retrospective single-institution cohort study. Patients aged 75 years and above who had been treated with nivolumab, pembrolizumab or ipilimumab for advanced or metastatic melanoma, were included. Patients and disease characteristics were collected using electronic medical records. Objective response was determined according to the immune-related response criteria. Drug-related toxicities (DRT) were graded according to the CTCAE v4.03. RESULTS 99 patients were included with a mean age of 80 years (SD = 4). One patient received nivolumab and ipilimumab combination, but died because of drug-related diverticulitis. Median PFS on pembrolizumab, nivolumab or ipilimumab were equal to 11.9 (95% CI 5.4-18.4), 1.4 (95% CI 0.01-2.8), and 2.8 months (95% CI 2.6-3), respectively, while objective response rates were equal to 51.6, 12.5, and 17.3%, respectively. Median OS was not reached in patients who received only pembrolizumab, 8.7 months in the ipilimumab only group, and 23 months in patients receiving several immune therapies sequentially. Pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and ipilimumab grade 3-4 DRT rates were equal to 24.2, 62.5, and 32.7% respectively, while discontinuation rates were equal to 43.5, 62.5, and 28.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that immunotherapy is effective and well tolerated in the elderly. The PFS on pembrolizumab was greater than expected, a finding that needs to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institut, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France.
| | - Christine Mateus
- Dermatology Department, Gustave Roussy Institut, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Baz
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Caroline Robert
- Dermatology Department, Gustave Roussy Institut, Villejuif, France
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9
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Han Z, Brown JR, Niederkorn JY. Growth and Metastasis of Intraocular Tumors in Aged Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:2366-76. [PMID: 27138736 PMCID: PMC4857834 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Since deterioration of the immune apparatus is closely associated with cancer, we examined the effect of aging on the growth and metastasis of intraocular melanomas in mice. Methods Murine B16LS9 melanoma cells were transplanted into the posterior compartment of the eye (vitreous chamber) and intraocular tumor growth and development of liver metastases were evaluated in young (8–10 weeks of age) and old (>18 months of age) mice. Liver metastases were also induced by intrasplenic injection of melanoma cells. Natural killer (NK) cells from the livers of mice harboring liver metastases were evaluated in vitro for their cytolytic activity. Results Tumors grew more rapidly in the eyes of young mice than old mice, yet old mice developed significantly more liver metastases. Increased liver metastasis in old mice was evident even when melanoma cells were injected intrasplenically as a means of bypassing the influence of the ocular immunosuppressive environment. Increased liver metastases in old mice correlated with reduced cytolytic activity of liver NK cells. Lethally irradiated young mice reconstituted with bone marrow from old donors developed significantly more liver metastases than young mice reconstituted with bone marrow from young donors, indicating that bone marrow–derived cells were the root cause of the heightened development of metastases in old mice. Conclusions Aging affects the growth and metastasis of intraocular melanomas. Even though intraocular melanomas grow slower in old mice, the development of liver metastases is exacerbated and correlates with a reduction in liver NK cell activity in the old mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph R Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Jerry Y Niederkorn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
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10
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Peel E, Belov K. Immune-endocrine interactions in marsupials and monotremes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 244:178-185. [PMID: 28132863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between the immune and endocrine systems are not well studied in marsupials and monotremes. One exception to this is the phenomenon of semelparity, which is well covered in the literature as this is an unusual reproductive strategy amongst mammals and is only observed in some dasyurid and didelphid marsupials. Thymus involution provides a direct link between the endocrine and immune systems and warrants further study in marsupials and monotremes. The thymus is a primary immune tissue which is essential for overall immune function. Whilst the organ is large in juvenile animals, it begins to involute around puberty due to the suppressive effects of sex steroids. Thymus involution has a significant effect on the immune system, as it signals the onset of immune aging and decline in function. The output of naïve T lymphocytes by the thymus decreases, increasing susceptibility of aged individuals to infection and cancers. Understanding the links between the immune and endocrine system in marsupials and monotremes may shed light on diseases such as devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) which threatens the future of the Tasmanian devil. We hypothesise that changes in sex hormones around puberty may drive changes in the immune system, such as thymus involution, which may make devils more susceptible to DFTD as they age. In addition, the Schwann cell origin of DFTD may enable tumours to respond to sex hormones, as occurs in similar cancers in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peel
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - K Belov
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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11
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Ishikawa S, Matsui Y, Wachi S, Yamaguchi H, Harashima N, Harada M. Age-associated impairment of antitumor immunity in carcinoma-bearing mice and restoration by oral administration of Lentinula edodes mycelia extract. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:961-72. [PMID: 27312060 PMCID: PMC11028864 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Because cancer is associated with aging, immunological features in the aged should be considered in anticancer immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated antitumor immunity in aged mice using a CT26 colon carcinoma model. The tumor growth of CT26 was accelerated in aged mice compared with that in young mice, but this difference was not observed in nude mice. The serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were higher in aged mice than those in young mice, irrespective of the CT26-bearing state. The in vitro induction of CT26-specific CTLs from aged mice that were vaccinated with doxorubicin (DTX)-treated CT26 cells was impaired. In vivo neutralization of IL-6, but not TNF-α, showed a tendency to restore the in vitro induction of CT26-specific CTLs from vaccinated aged mice. Analyses on tumor-infiltrating immune cells as early as day 5 after CT26 inoculation revealed that monocytic and granulocytic MDSCs preferentially infiltrated into tumor sites in aged mice compared with young mice. Alternatively, oral administration of Lentinula edodes mycelia (L.E.M.) extract, which has the potential to suppress inflammation in tumor-bearing hosts, decreased the serum levels of IL-6 in aged mice. When administration of L.E.M. extract was started 1 week earlier, CT26 growth was retarded in aged mice and the in vivo priming of tumor-specific CTLs was improved in CT26-vaccinated aged mice. These results indicate early infiltration of MDSCs is related to impaired immunity of aged hosts and that oral administration of L.E.M. extract can mitigate the impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Ishikawa
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
- Central R & D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaragi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Matsui
- Central R & D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaragi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wachi
- Central R & D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaragi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Central R & D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaragi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nanae Harashima
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Mamoru Harada
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
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12
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B-type Natriuretic Peptide-guided Chronic Heart Failure Therapy: A Meta-analysis of 11 Randomised Controlled Trials. Heart Lung Circ 2013; 22:852-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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ThyagaRajan S, Tran L, Molinaro CA, Gridley DS, Felten DL, Bellinger DL. Prevention of Mammary Tumor Development through Neuroimmunomodulation in the Spleen and Lymph Nodes of Old Female Sprague-Dawley Rats by L-Deprenyl. Neuroimmunomodulation 2013; 20:141-51. [PMID: 23445569 DOI: 10.1159/000346200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of mammary tumors is an age-associated phenomenon that is likely due to deficits in the neuroendocrine-immune interactions. Previously, we demonstrated that L-deprenyl, a monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor, can enhance immune responses and restore noradrenergic (NA) innervation in the spleens of rats with carcinogen-induced and spontaneously developing mammary tumors. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether (1) treatment of early middle-aged female rats would prevent the spontaneous development of mammary tumors accompanied by restoration of immunity in the spleen and draining lymph nodes (DLN) and sympathetic NA innervation in the spleen and (2) deprenyl can influence the proliferation of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (MCF-7 and T47D) and ER-negative (MDA-MB-231 and Hs 578T) human breast cancer cells. METHODS Early middle-aged (8- to 9-month-old) female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 0, 1.0 or 2.5 mg of deprenyl/kg body weight (BW) daily i.p. for 12 months. Cells of ER-positive (ER+) and ER-negative (ER-) human breast cancer cell lines were incubated with media or 10(-3) to 10(-8) M deprenyl for 1, 2, 4 or 6 days to examine the proliferation of cells. RESULTS Tumor incidence increased in saline-treated old female rats, while deprenyl treatment significantly reduced the incidence of mammary tumors in these rats. Saline-treated tumor-bearing rats exhibited reduced splenic NA innervation and norepinephrine (NE) content, splenic interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ levels and NK cell activity as well as DLN IL-2 and IFN-γ levels compared to young female rats without tumors. In contrast, treatment with 2.5 mg/kg of deprenyl enhanced IL-2 and IFN-γ production in both the spleen and DLN as well as splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity. Deprenyl treatment also increased concanavalin A (Con A)-induced proliferation of T lymphocytes in the DLN. Deprenyl-induced changes in immune responses were accompanied by enhanced NA innervation and NE content in the spleen. In vitro incubation of various concentrations of deprenyl with ER+ human breast cancer cell lines partly inhibited the proliferation of cells, while it had no effect on the ER- breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that (1) development of mammary tumors is mediated through the loss of immunity and sympathetic NA nerve fibers accompanied by reduced NE levels in the spleen, (2) the prevention of mammary tumor development by deprenyl may involve the reversal of the tumor-associated decline in sympathetic NA activity and cell-mediated immune responses in the spleen and DLN and (3) the antitumor effects of deprenyl may be partially mediated through ER-dependent intracellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan ThyagaRajan
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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14
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Mazzola P, Radhi S, Mirandola L, Annoni G, Jenkins M, Cobos E, Chiriva-Internati M. Aging, cancer, and cancer vaccines. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2012; 9:4. [PMID: 22510392 PMCID: PMC3353870 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-9-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
World population has experienced continuous growth since 1400 A.D. Current projections show a continued increase - but a steady decline in the population growth rate - with the number expected to reach between 8 and 10.5 billion people within 40 years. The elderly population is rapidly rising: in 1950 there were 205 million people aged 60 or older, while in 2000 there were 606 million. By 2050, the global population aged 60 or over is projected to expand by more than three times, reaching nearly 2 billion people [1]. Most cancers are age-related diseases: in the US, 50% of all malignancies occur in people aged 65-95. 60% of all cancers are expected to be diagnosed in elderly patients by 2020 [2]. Further, cancer-related mortality increases with age: 70% of all malignancy-related deaths are registered in people aged 65 years or older [3]. Here we introduce the microscopic aspects of aging, the pro-inflammatory phenotype of the elderly, and the changes related to immunosenescence. Then we deal with cancer disease and its development, the difficulty of treatment administration in the geriatric population, and the importance of a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Finally, we aim to analyze the complex interactions of aging with cancer and cancer vaccinology, and the importance of this last approach as a complementary therapy to different levels of prevention and treatment. Cancer vaccines, in fact, should at present be recommended in association to a stronger cancer prevention and conventional therapies (surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy), both for curative and palliative intent, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Mazzola
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Geriatric Clinic, San Gerardo University Hospital, Monza, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Saba Radhi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Leonardo Mirandola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,The Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Giorgio Annoni
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Geriatric Clinic, San Gerardo University Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Marjorie Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,The Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Everardo Cobos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.,The Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.,The Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
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15
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Hurez V, Daniel BJ, Sun L, Liu AJ, Ludwig SM, Kious MJ, Thibodeaux SR, Pandeswara S, Murthy K, Livi CB, Wall S, Brumlik MJ, Shin T, Zhang B, Curiel TJ. Mitigating age-related immune dysfunction heightens the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy in aged mice. Cancer Res 2012; 72:2089-99. [PMID: 22496463 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although cancer tends to affect the elderly, most preclinical studies are carried out in young subjects. In this study, we developed a melanoma-specific cancer immunotherapy that shows efficacy in aged but not young hosts by mitigating age-specific tumor-associated immune dysfunction. Both young and aged CD4(+)CD25(hi) regulatory T cells (Treg) exhibited equivalent in vitro T-cell suppression and tumor-associated augmentation in numbers. However, denileukin diftitox (DT)-mediated Treg depletion improved tumor-specific immunity and was clinically effective only in young mice. DT-mediated Treg depletion significantly increased myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) numbers in aged but not young mice, and MDSC depletion improved tumor-specific immunity and reduced tumor growth in aged mice. Combining Treg depletion with anti-Gr-1 antibody was immunologically and clinically more efficacious than anti-Gr-1 antibody alone in aged B16-bearing mice, similar to Treg depletion alone in young mice. In contrast, DT increased MDSCs in young and aged mice following MC-38 tumor challenge, although effects were greater in aged mice. Anti-Gr-1 boosted DT effects in young but not aged mice. Aged antitumor immune effector cells are therefore competent to combat tumor when underlying tumor-associated immune dysfunction is appropriately mitigated, but this dysfunction varies with tumor, thus also varying responses to immunotherapy. By tailoring immunotherapy to account for age-related tumor-associated immune dysfunctions, cancer immunotherapy for aged patients with specific tumors can be remarkably improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Hurez
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Adult Cancer Program STRF MC8252, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
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16
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Tomihara K, Shin T, Hurez VJ, Yagita H, Pardoll DM, Zhang B, Curiel TJ, Shin T. Aging-associated B7-DC+ B cells enhance anti-tumor immunity via Th1 and Th17 induction. Aging Cell 2012; 11:128-38. [PMID: 22044484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Because most patients with cancer are aged and because immunological functions are altered during aging, it is important to account for aging-associated immunological alterations in the design of new cancer immunotherapies. We thus compared immune populations in young and aged mice and found that B7-DC(+) (PD-L2/CD273) B cells, a minor population in young mice, were significantly increased in aged mice. Induction of both Th1 and Th17 cells was significantly augmented by B7-DC(+) B cells from aged mice, and this effect was blocked with anti-B7-DC antibodies in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, retardation of tumor growth in aged mice was largely B7-DC dependent. Tumor growth in young mice was significantly inhibited by immunization with B7-DC(+) B cells from aged mice owing to increased induction of tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These data indicate that B7-DC(+) B cells could play an important role in aging-associated cancer immunopathology as well as in other aging-associated diseases and further suggest that B7-DC(+) B cells have potential for future cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Tomihara
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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17
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Gladue RP, Paradis T, Cole SH, Donovan C, Nelson R, Alpert R, Gardner J, Natoli E, Elliott E, Shepard R, Bedian V. The CD40 agonist antibody CP-870,893 enhances dendritic cell and B-cell activity and promotes anti-tumor efficacy in SCID-hu mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:1009-17. [PMID: 21479995 PMCID: PMC11028430 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD40 is a member of the TNF family of receptors that has been shown to play a crucial role in enhancing dendritic cell activity and fostering anti-tumor immune responses. In this study, we demonstrate the in vitro properties and in vivo efficacious activity of the CD40 agonist antibody, CP-870,893. CP-870,893 is a fully human, IgG2 antibody that selectively interacts with CD40 at a site distinct from its ligand-binding region with a KD of 0.4 nM. It enhances the expression of MHC class II, CD54, CD86, and CD23 on human B cells in vitro. CP-870,893 also enhances dendritic cell activity as evidenced by cytokine secretion (IL-12, IL-23, IL-8), the upregulation of CD86 and CD83, and the ability to prime T cells to secrete IFNγ. In SCID-beige mice, a single parenteral injection of CP-870,893 was therapeutically effective against several CD40(pos) human tumors (B-cell lymphoma, breast, colon, and prostate) indicating direct effects on tumor cell survival and/or growth. When mice were co-implanted with human T cells and dendritic cells, the activity of CP-870,893 against CD40(pos) tumors increased, and efficacy was also observed against CD40(neg) and CD40(low) tumors demonstrating the ability of CP-870,893 to enhance anti-tumor immune function in vivo. These studies suggest that CP-870,893 has the potential to be efficacious against a wide range of tumor types through both direct and immune-mediated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P Gladue
- Department of Immunology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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18
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Cramer DW, Finn OJ. Epidemiologic perspective on immune-surveillance in cancer. Curr Opin Immunol 2011; 23:265-71. [PMID: 21277761 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Common 'themes' in epidemiology related to cancer risk beg a comprehensive mechanistic explanation. As people age, risk for cancer increases. Obesity and smoking increase the risk for many types of cancer. History of febrile childhood diseases lowers the risk for melanomas, leukemias, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and ovarian cancer. Increasing number of ovulatory cycles uninterrupted by pregnancies correlate positively with breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer risk while pregnancies and breastfeeding lower the risk for these cancers as well as cancers of the colon, lung, pancreas, and NHL. Chronic inflammatory events such as endometriosis or mucosal exposure to talc increase the risk for several types of cancer. Mechanisms so far considered are site specific and do not explain multiple associations. We propose that most of these events affect cancer immunosurveillance by changing the balance between an effective immune response and immune tolerance of an emerging cancer. We review recently published data that suggest that immune mechanisms underlie most of these observed epidemiologic associations with cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Cramer
- Obsterics-Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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19
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Lustgarten J. Cancer immunotherapy: focusing on the young, neglecting the old. Future Oncol 2010; 6:873-6. [PMID: 20528222 DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Pawelec G, Derhovanessian E, Larbi A. Immunosenescence and cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2010; 75:165-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Pal SK, Hurria A. Impact of age, sex, and comorbidity on cancer therapy and disease progression. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:4086-93. [PMID: 20644100 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A theme of personalized medicine was highlighted at the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. To this end, the current review focuses on the impact of host characteristics (such as age, sex, and comorbidity) as they pertain to cancer biology, treatment efficacy, and tolerance. Increasing age is associated with complex changes in physiology, including alterations in renal and hepatic function, and decreased bone marrow reserve. These may in turn result in alterations in pharmacokinetics and toxicity related to many commonly used anticancer agents. Using tools, such as the geriatric assessment, may help to elucidate the physiologic age of the patient as opposed to the chronologic age. Increasing age is paralleled by an increase in comorbidity, and comorbidity may have independent prognostic implications and substantially impact medical decision making in the patient with cancer. Numerous biologic ties between cancer and comorbidity exist, one example being an association of diabetes with an increased risk of disease recurrence and mortality in the setting of colon cancer. Biologic features can also vary by sex; several biomarkers with either prognostic or predictive value (ie, excisionrepair cross-complementation group 1 expression, epidermal growth factor receptor mutation, or dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase polymorphism) may differentiate efficacy or toxicity in males and females. Taken together, age, sex, and comorbidity each encompass a complex array of physiologic and molecular variations that may each aid in personalizing care for the patient with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Kumar Pal
- Experimental Therapeutics and Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Cancer and Aging Research Program, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, USA
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22
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Fulop T, Kotb R, Fortin CF, Pawelec G, de Angelis F, Larbi A. Potential role of immunosenescence in cancer development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1197:158-65. [PMID: 20536845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of most cancers increase with age. The reasons for this may include tumor escape mechanisms and decreased immunosurveillance, but most are caused by the time required for carcinogenesis, according to most scientists. The immune system is a unique mechanism of defense against pathogens and possibly cancers; however, there is a body of evidence that the immune system of the aged is eroded, a phenomenon termed immunosenescence. There is a growing interest in immunosenescence and how it may contribute to the increased number of cancers with aging. Each arm of the immune system, innate and adaptive, is altered with aging, contributing to increased tumorigenesis. Understanding the contribution of immunosenescence to cancer development and progression may lead to better interventions for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
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23
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24
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Pawelec G, Larbi A, Derhovanessian E. Senescence of the human immune system. J Comp Pathol 2009; 142 Suppl 1:S39-44. [PMID: 19897208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The umbrella term 'immunosenescence' is applied to describe age-associated failing systemic immunity and is believed to contribute to the increased incidence and severity of infectious disease in old animals and people. Very limited studies in man have begun to reveal biomarkers of immune ageing ('immune signatures') increasingly recognized as an 'immune risk profile' (IRP) predicting mortality in the elderly. Even more limited studies in companion animals seem consistent with the idea that most or all other mammals may also show an IRP. It is of practical and scientific interest to more accurately determine the IRP and to devise interventions to modulate immune ageing. In man, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has an enormous impact on biomarkers associated with immunosenescence; it is not clear whether the same is true for a persistent viral infection in other animals. A significant fraction of the human immune system is committed to controlling CMV; this commitment increases with age and may itself cause pathology as a result of maintaining higher systemic levels of inflammatory mediators. It will be interesting to test whether similar phenomena occur in relatively long-lived animals, often sharing a human environment, like cats and dogs, and whether interventions to restore appropriate immunity in companion animals might also be applicable to people.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pawelec
- Centre for Medical Research, ZMF, University of Tübingen Medical School, Tübingen, Germany.
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