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Jin H, Zhang M, Zhou H, Zhu S, Hu C. Survival and prognostic analysis of preoperative indicators in patients undergoing surgical resections with rhabdomyosarcoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22760. [PMID: 33120782 PMCID: PMC7581107 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several preoperative blood and biochemical parameters are associated with postoperative survival in many kinds of tumors. The aim of this study is to study the predictive value of several routine preoperative blood and biochemical parameters on the prognosis patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS).We retrospectively recruited 55 patients diagnosed with RMS and had surgery at West China Hospital, Sichuan University between January 2010 and December 2018. Baseline characteristics of the patients, tumor features, surgery details, and values of several examinations were extracted. A long-term follow-up was conducted by phone call. A novel statistical analysis was subsequently carried out to look for the relationship of preoperative parameters and patients' prognosis.The ROC analysis showed an area under curve (AUC) of 0.608, 0.620, 0.626, 0.591, and 0.518 for neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) respectively, and the cut-off value of 2.843, 162.961, and 0.239 for NLR, PLR, and MLR respectively. The survival analysis showed that certain blood and biochemical parameters could cause differences in overall survival (OS) (P = .005 for NLR, P = .005 for PLR, and P = .007 for MLR) and progression free survival (PFS) (P = .029 for NLR, P = .008 for PLR, and P = .013 for MLR).Several preoperative blood and biochemical parameters are novel prognostic factors in RMS patients. Specifically, a higher NLR, PLR, and MLR value will predict a statistically shorter OS and PFS.In the future, surgeons should care more about NLR, PLR, and MLR values and several other parameters in patients' preoperative normal blood and biochemical tests to predict the postoperative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center
| | | | - Hui Zhou
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology
| | | | - Chenggong Hu
- Department of Critical Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
Early Ca2+ signaling is characterized by occurrence of Ca2+ microdomains formed by opening of single or clusters of Ca2+ channels, thereby initiating first signaling and subsequently activating global Ca2+ signaling mechanisms. However, only few data are available focusing on the first seconds and minutes of Ca2+ microdomain formation and related signaling pathways in activated T-lymphocytes. In this review, we condense current knowledge on Ca2+ microdomain formation in T-lymphocytes and early Ca2+ signaling, function of Ca2+ microdomains, and microdomain organization. Interestingly, considering the first seconds of T cell activation, a triphasic Ca2+ signal is becoming apparent: (i) initial Ca2+ microdomains occurring in the first second of T cell activation, (ii) amplification of Ca2+ microdomains by recruitment of further channels in the next 5-10 s, and (iii) a transition to global Ca2+ increase. Apparently, the second messenger nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate is the first second messenger involved in initiation of Ca2+ microdomains. Ryanodine receptors type 1 act as initial Ca2+ release channels in CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Regarding the temporal correlation of Ca2+ microdomains with other molecular events of T cell activation, T cell receptor-dependent microdomain organization of signaling molecules Grb2 and Src homology [SH2] domain-containing leukocyte protein of 65 kDa was observed within the first 20 s. In addition, fast cytoskeletal changes are initiated. Furthermore, the involvement of additional Ca2+ channels and organelles, such as the Ca2+ buffering mitochondria, is discussed. Future research developments will comprise analysis of the causal relation between these temporally coordinated signaling events. Taken together, high-resolution Ca2+ imaging techniques applied to T cell activation in the past years paved the way to detailed molecular understanding of initial Ca2+ signaling mechanisms in non-excitable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa M A Wolf
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Clark AJ, Petty HR. Protocol for Biomarker Ratio Imaging Microscopy with Specific Application to Ductal Carcinoma In situ of the Breast. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:120. [PMID: 27857940 PMCID: PMC5093143 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes the methods and steps involved in performing biomarker ratio imaging microscopy (BRIM) using formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of human breast tissue. The technique is based on the acquisition of two fluorescence images of the same microscopic field using two biomarkers and immunohistochemical tools. The biomarkers are selected such that one biomarker correlates with breast cancer aggressiveness while the second biomarker anti-correlates with aggressiveness. When the former image is divided by the latter image, a computed ratio image is formed that reflects the aggressiveness of tumor cells while increasing contrast and eliminating path-length and other artifacts from the image. For example, the aggressiveness of epithelial cells may be assessed by computing ratio images of N-cadherin and E-cadherin images or CD44 and CD24 images, which specifically reflect the mesenchymal or stem cell nature of the constituent cells, respectively. This methodology is illustrated for tissue samples of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancer. This tool should be useful in tissue studies of experimental cancer as well as the management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Clark
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Howard R Petty
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Clark AJ, Petty HR. Identification of lesion subtypes in biopsies of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast using biomarker ratio imaging microscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27039. [PMID: 27247112 PMCID: PMC4887986 DOI: 10.1038/srep27039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although epidemiological studies propose aggressive and non-aggressive forms of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), they cannot be identified with conventional histopathology. We now report a retrospective study of human biopsy samples using biomarker ratio imaging microscopy (BRIM). Using BRIM, micrographs of biomarkers whose expression correlates with breast cancer aggressiveness are divided by micrographs of biomarkers whose expression negatively correlates with aggressiveness to create computed micrographs reflecting aggressiveness. The biomarker pairs CD44/CD24, N-cadherin/E-cadherin, and CD74/CD59 stratified DCIS samples. BRIM identified subpopulations of DCIS lesions with ratiometric properties resembling either benign fibroadenoma or invasive carcinoma samples. Our work confirms the existence of distinct subpopulations of DCIS lesions, which will likely have utility in breast cancer research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Clark
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 1000 Wall Street, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Howard R Petty
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 1000 Wall Street, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Shrestha S, Noh JM, Kim SY, Ham HY, Kim YJ, Yun YJ, Kim MJ, Kwon MS, Song DK, Hong CW. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonist attenuate tumor growth via polarization of neutrophils toward an antitumor phenotype. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1067744. [PMID: 26942086 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1067744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments polarize neutrophils to protumoral phenotypes. Here, we demonstrate that the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) antagonist attenuate tumor growth via polarization of neutrophils toward an antitumoral phenotype. The ACEis or AGTR1 antagonist enhanced hypersegmentation of human neutrophils and increased neutrophil cytotoxicity against tumor cells. This neutrophil hypersegmentation was dependent on the mTOR pathway. In a murine tumor model, ACEis and AGTR1 antagonist attenuated tumor growth and enhanced neutrophil hypersegmentation. ACEis inhibited tumor-induced polarization of neutrophils to a protumoral phenotype. Neutrophil depletion reduced the antitumor effect of ACEi. Together, these data suggest that the modulation of Ang II pathway attenuates tumor growth via polarization of neutrophils to an antitumoral phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeb Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myoung Noh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Yeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Yong Ham
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ja Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, CHA university , Seongnam, Kyeon-ki do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
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Liu B, Yu HH, Ye HL, Luo ZY, Xiao F. Effects of stromal interacting molecule 1 gene silencing by short hairpin RNA on the biological behavior of human gastric cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3047-54. [PMID: 25976311 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. It has been reported that stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) is associated with tumor progression and metastatic spread, including in cervical cancer, breast carcinoma and prostatic cancer. The present study investigated whether STIM1, an endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) sensor and activator of store-operated channel entry, contributed to SGC7901 cell progression. The pGPU6-shSTIM1 recombinant plasmid was constructed, and the effects of downregulation of STIM1 on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of SGC7901 cells were examined. Western blot analysis revealed that transfection with the pGPU6-shSTIM1 plasmid successfully inhibited the expression of STIM1. STIM1 silencing in the gastric cancer cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and increasing the apoptotic rate following treatment of the SGC7901 cells with pGPU6-shSTIM1, indicated using an MTT cell viability assay and flow cytometery, respectively. As expected, STIM1 knock down also reduced the migration and invasion of the SGC7901 cells, demonstrated using a Transwell assay. The possible molecular mechanism involved the regulation of several signaling pathways involved in the biological behavior of cell survival, apoptosis, migration and metastasis. Together, these finding suggested that the expression of STIM1 is crucial for the proliferation and invasion of SGC7901 cells, providing a foundation for the development of novel type‑specific diagnostic strategies and treatments for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343000, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Hong Yu
- Ji'an Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Li Ye
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ying Luo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343000, P.R. China
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Tanaka K, Nakagawa K, Yabushita Y, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Ota M, Ichikawa Y, Taguri M, Tanabe M, Koda K, Endo I. Reversal of attachment to or invasion of major intrahepatic vessels by colorectal liver metastases according to prehepatectomy chemotherapy regimen. Surgery 2013; 155:936-44. [PMID: 24656858 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2013.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor reduction by present-day prehepatectomy chemotherapy can render initially unresectable disease resectable. However, little is known about whether effects on liver metastases with radiologically defined "attachment to or invasion of" major intrahepatic vessels differ between chemotherapy regimens with or without monoclonal antibodies. We compared histologically the relationships between liver tumors and major intrahepatic vessels after chemotherapy according to regimens used to treat colorectal liver metastasis. METHODS In 38 patients who underwent chemotherapy and hepatectomy with pretreatment images showing metastases attached to or invading major intrahepatic vessels, 62 metastases showed attachment to or invasion of 88 vessels. After resection, attachment, invasion, and separation were determined histopathologically in resected specimens. RESULTS Thirteen patients received cytotoxic drug combinations alone, whereas 25 were treated with regimens including a monoclonal antibody (bevacizumab in 15 and cetuximab in 10). By imaging, 16% (5/32) of vessels in patients receiving cytotoxic drugs alone, 23% (8/35) of vessels in those also receiving bevacizumab, and 48% (10/21) of vessels in those also receiving cetuximab showed detachment after chemotherapy (P = .015 for cetuximab versus cytotoxic and P = .039 for cetuximab versus bevacizumab). Excluding 8 vessels not evaluated histologically, 23 of 31 vessels in the cytotoxic group remained attached or invaded, as did 16 of 29 in the bevacizumab group and 8 of 20 vessels in the cetuximab group (P = .05 versus cytotoxic). CONCLUSION Prehepatectomy chemotherapy regimens including monoclonal antibodies, particularly anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies, eradicated attachment or invasion between vessels and metastases more frequently. Individualized strategies for prehepatectomy chemotherapy based on intrahepatic location of metastases may offer advantages according to proximity of the metastases to the major intrahepatic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniya Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yabushita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsuo
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Ota
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ichikawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tanabe
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiji Koda
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Clark A, Zhu A, Petty HR. Titanium-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles protect cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013; 15:2126. [PMID: 24791147 PMCID: PMC4001933 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-013-2126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To develop new nanoparticle materials possessing anti-oxidative capacity with improved physical characteristics, we have studied titanium-doped cerium oxide (CeTiO2) nanoparticles. CeTiO2 nanoparticles had a mode diameter of 15-20 nm. These nanoparticles demonstrated catalase activity, and did not promote the activation of hemolytic or cytolytic pathways in living cells. Using surface plasmon resonance enhanced microscopy, we find that these nanoparticles associate with cells. Transmission electron microscopy studies demonstrated that these nanoparticles accumulate within the vacuolar compartment of cells. Importantly, CeTiO2 nanoparticles decrease hydrogen peroxide-mediated apoptosis of cells as judged by the reduced cleavage of a caspase 3-sensitive label. CeTiO2 nanoparticles may contribute to deflecting tissue damage in a broad spectrum of oxidant-mediated diseases, such as macular degeneration and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Howard R. Petty
- Address editorial correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr. Howard R. Petty, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 1000 Wall Street, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, Phone: 734-647-0384/fax:734-936-3815/
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Clark A, Zhu A, Sun K, Petty HR. Cerium oxide and platinum nanoparticles protect cells from oxidant-mediated apoptosis. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2011; 13:5547-5555. [PMID: 22039334 PMCID: PMC3203015 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-011-0544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic nanoparticles represent a potential clinical approach to replace or correct aberrant enzymatic activities in patients. Several diseases, including many blinding eye diseases, are promoted by excessive oxidant stress due to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cerium oxide and platinum nanoparticles represent two potentially therapeutic nanoparticles that de-toxify ROS. In the present study we directly compare these two classes of catalytic nanoparticles. Cerium oxide and platinum nanoparticles were found to be 16±2.4 nm and 1.9±0.2 nm in diameter, respectively. Using surface plasmon enhanced microscopy, we find that these nanoparticles associate with cells. Furthermore, cerium oxide and platinum nanoparticles demonstrated superoxide dismutase catalytic activity, but did not promote hemolytic or cytolytic pathways in living cells. Importantly, both cerium oxide and platinum nanoparticles reduce oxidant-mediated apoptosis in target cells as judged by the activation of caspase 3. The ability to diminish apoptosis may contribute to maintaining healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Clark
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Aiping Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Howard R. Petty
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
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