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Peng Y, Zhang X, Tang Y, He S, Rao G, Chen Q, Xue Y, Jin H, Liu S, Zhou Z, Xiang Y. Role of autoreactive Tc17 cells in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. NEUROPROTECTION 2024; 2:49-59. [DOI: 10.1002/nep3.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundThe pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE—an animal model of MS) is primarily mediated by T cells. However, recent studies have only focused on interleukin (IL)‐17‐secreting CD4+ T‐helper cells, also known as Th17 cells. This study aimed to compare Th17 cells and IL‐17‐secreting CD8+ T‐cytotoxic cells (Tc17) in the context of MS/EAE.MethodsFemale C57BL/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptides 35–55 (MOG35–55), pertussis toxin, and complete Freund's adjuvant to establish the EAE animal model. T cells were isolated from the spleen (12–14 days postimmunization). CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were purified using isolation kit and then differentiated into Th17 and Tc17, respectively, using MOG35–55 and IL‐23. The secretion levels of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and IL‐17 were measured via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using cultured CD4+ and CD8+ T cell supernatants. The pathogenicity of Tc17 and Th17 cells was assessed through adoptive transfer (tEAE), with the clinical course assessed using an EAE score (0–5). Hematoxylin and eosin as well as Luxol fast blue staining were used to examine the spinal cord. Purified CD8+ CD3+ and CD4+ CD3+ cells differentiated into Tc17 and Th17 cells, respectively, were stimulated with MOG35–55 peptide for proliferation assays.ResultsThe results showed that Tc17 cells (15,951 ± 1985 vs. 55,709 ± 4196 cpm; p < 0.050) exhibited a weaker response to highest dose (20 μg/mL) MOG35–55 than Th17 cells. However, this response was not dependent on Th17 cells. After the 48 h stimulation, at the highest dose (20 μg/mL) of MOG35–55. Tc17 cells secreted lower levels of IFN‐γ (280.00 ± 15.00 vs. 556.67 ± 15.28 pg/mL, p < 0.050) and IL‐17 (102.67 ± 5.86 pg/mL vs. 288.33 ± 12.58 pg/mL; p < 0.050) than Th17 cells. Similar patterns were observed for IFN‐γ secretion at 96 and 144 h. Furthermore, Tc17 cell‐induced tEAE mice exhibited similar EAE scores to Th17 cell‐induced tEAE mice and also showed similar inflammation and demyelination.ConclusionThe degree of pathogenicity of Tc17 cells in EAE is lower than that of Th17 cells. Future investigation on different immune cells and EAE models is warranted to determine the mechanisms underlying MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yandan Tang
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Shunqing He
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Guilan Rao
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Yahui Xue
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Neurology Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College Zhuzhou Hunan China
- Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Zhuzhou Hunan China
| | - Ziyang Zhou
- Science and Technology Innovation Center Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha Hunan China
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Wang SH, Cao Z, Farazuddin M, Chen J, Janczak KW, Tang S, Cannon J, Baker JR. A novel intranasal peptide vaccine inhibits non-small cell lung cancer with KRAS mutation. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:464-471. [PMID: 38177307 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
KRAS mutations occur commonly in the lung and can lead to the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While the mutated KRAS protein is a neoantigen, it usually does not generate an effective anti-tumor immune response on mucosal/epithelial surfaces. Despite this, mutated KRAS remains a potential target for immunotherapy since immune targeting of this protein in animal models has been effective at eliminating tumor cells. We attempted to develop a KRAS vaccine using mutated and wild-type KRAS peptides in combination with a nanoemulsion (NE) adjuvant. The efficacy of this approach was tested in an inducible mutant KRAS-mouse lung tumor model. Animals were immunized intranasally using NE with KRAS peptides. These animals had decreased CD4+FoxP3+ T cells in both lymph nodes and spleen. Immunized animals also showed higher IFN-γ and IL-17a levels to mutated KRAS that were produced by CD8+ T cells and enhancement in KRAS-specific Th1 and Th17 responses that persisted for 3 months after the last vaccination. Importantly, the immunized animals had significantly decreased tumor incidence compared to control animals. In conclusion, a mucosal approach to KRAS vaccination demonstrated the ability to induce local KRAS-specific immune responses in the lung and resulted in reduced tumor incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su He Wang
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Division of Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Zhengyi Cao
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mohammad Farazuddin
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Division of Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jesse Chen
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Katarzyna W Janczak
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shengzhuang Tang
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jayme Cannon
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James R Baker
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Division of Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Filho AMC, Gomes NS, Lós DB, Leite IB, Tremblay MÈ, Macêdo DS. Microglia and Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:303-331. [PMID: 39207699 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian gut contains a community of microorganisms called gut microbiome. The gut microbiome is integrated into mammalian physiology, contributing to metabolism, production of metabolites, and promoting immunomodulatory actions. Microglia, the brain's resident innate immune cells, play an essential role in homeostatic neurogenesis, synaptic remodeling, and glial maturation. Microglial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent findings indicate that microglia are influenced by the gut microbiome and their derived metabolites throughout life. The pathways by which microbiota regulate microglia have only started to be understood, but this discovery has the potential to provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of brain disorders associated with an altered microbiome. Here, we discuss the recent literature on the role of the gut microbiome in modulating microglia during development and adulthood and summarize the key findings on this bidirectional crosstalk in selected examples of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. We also highlight some current caveats and perspectives for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Maia Chaves Filho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Nayana Soares Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Deniele Bezerra Lós
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Isabel Bessa Leite
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université de Laval, Québec City, Canada.
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Danielle S Macêdo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Yi Y, Liu X, Gao H, Qin S, Xu J, Ma F, Guan M. The Tumor Stemness Indice mRNAsi can Act as Molecular Typing Tool for Lung Adenocarcinoma. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:2401-2424. [PMID: 37100923 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high heterogeneity, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cannot be distinguished into precise molecular subtypes, thereby resulting in poor therapeutic effect and low 5-year survival rate clinically. Although the tumor stemness score (mRNAsi) has been shown to accurately characterize the similarity index of cancer stem cells (CSCs), whether mRNAsi can serve as an effective molecular typing tool for LUAD isn't reported to date. In this study, we first demonstrate that mRNAsi is significantly correlated with the prognosis and disease degree of LUAD patients, i.e., the higher the mRNAsi, the worse the prognosis and the higher the disease degree. Second, we identify 449 mRNAsi-related genes based on both weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and univariate regression analysis. Third, our results display that 449 mRNAsi-related genes can accurately distinguish the LUAD patients into two molecular subtypes: ms-H subtype (with high mRNAsi) and ms-L subtype (with low mRNAsi), particularly the ms-H subtype has a worse prognosis. Remarkably, significant differences in clinical characteristics, immune microenvironment, and somatic mutation exist between the two molecular subtypes, which might lead to the poorer prognosis of the ms-H subtype patients than that of the ms-L subtype ones. Finally, we establish a prognostic model containing 8 mRNAsi-related genes, which can effectively predict the survival rate of LUAD patients. Taken together, our work provides the first molecular subtype related to mRNAsi in LUAD, and reveals that these two molecular subtypes, the prognostic model and marker genes may have important clinical value for effectively monitoring and treating LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Yi
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanyu Gao
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shijie Qin
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieyun Xu
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Guan
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Varisli L, Dancik GM, Tolan V, Vlahopoulos S. Critical Roles of SRC-3 in the Development and Progression of Breast Cancer, Rendering It a Prospective Clinical Target. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5242. [PMID: 37958417 PMCID: PMC10648290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in women and is also one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Most breast tumors are hormone-dependent and estrogen signaling plays a critical role in promoting the survival and malignant behaviors of these cells. Estrogen signaling involves ligand-activated cytoplasmic estrogen receptors that translocate to the nucleus with various co-regulators, such as steroid receptor co-activator (SRC) family members, and bind to the promoters of target genes and regulate their expression. SRC-3 is a member of this family that interacts with, and enhances, the transcriptional activity of the ligand activated estrogen receptor. Although SRC-3 has important roles in normal homeostasis and developmental processes, it has been shown to be amplified and overexpressed in breast cancer and to promote malignancy. The malignancy-promoting potential of SRC-3 is diverse and involves both promoting malignant behavior of tumor cells and creating a tumor microenvironment that has an immunosuppressive phenotype. SRC-3 also inhibits the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with effector function and promotes stemness. Furthermore, SRC-3 is also involved in the development of resistance to hormone therapy and immunotherapy during breast cancer treatment. The versatility of SRC-3 in promoting breast cancer malignancy in this way makes it a good target, and methodical targeting of SRC-3 probably will be important for the success of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Varisli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey;
| | - Garrett M. Dancik
- Department of Computer Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT 06226, USA;
| | - Veysel Tolan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey;
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Lu L, Jin Y, Tong Y, Xiao L, Hou Y, Liu Z, Dou H. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells promote the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms through the IL-3-ICOSL-ICOS axis. BBA ADVANCES 2023; 4:100103. [PMID: 37705722 PMCID: PMC10495679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells are powerful inflammation promoters in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) can promote the differentiation of Th17 cells in chronic inflammatory autoimmune injury. Here, we aim to examine whether MDSCs regulate the differentiation of Th17 cells to participate in the development of AAA. We demonstrated an abnormal accumulation of MDSCs in AAA patients, which was positively associated with Th17 cells. We established angiotensin II-induced apolipoprotein E knockout mice and found the impaired immunosuppressive function of M-MDSCs. After systemic injection of anti-Gr-1 antibody in AAA mice to deplete circulating MDSCs, AAA formation and the differentiation of Th17 cells were abolished, and the overexpression of inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) on Th17 cells was reversed accordingly. Regulating the expression of ICOS ligand (ICOSL) on MDSCs affects the differentiation of Th17 cells. The adoptive transfer of ICOSLlowMDSCs in AAA mice inhibited the differentiation of Th17 cells and the development of AAA. Meanwhile, rIL-3 promoted the survival and immunosuppressive dysfunction of MDSCs, upregulated ICOSL expression on MDSCs by inhibiting activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and regulated MDSCs to promote the differentiation of Th17 cells via the ICOSL-ICOS axis. An increase in serum IL-3, ICOSL+MDSCs, and ICOS+Th17 cells was detected in AAA patients, and IL-3 levels were positively correlated with the proportion of ICOSL+MDSC cells. In conclusion, we uncovered a pivotal role of MDSCs in promoting the differentiation of Th17 cells through the IL-3-ICOSL-ICOS axis during AAA, providing an important theoretical basis for understanding the pathogenesis of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanhao Tong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lun Xiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Wyatt MM, Huff LW, Nelson MH, Neal LR, Medvec AR, Rangel Rivera GO, Smith AS, Rivera Reyes AM, Knochelmann HM, Riley JL, Lesinski GB, Paulos CM. Augmenting TCR signal strength and ICOS costimulation results in metabolically fit and therapeutically potent human CAR Th17 cells. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2120-2131. [PMID: 37081789 PMCID: PMC10362414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17-producing antigen-specific human T cells elicit potent antitumor activity in mice. Yet, refinement of this approach is needed to position it for clinical use. While activation signal strength regulates IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells, the degree to which T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and costimulation signal strength influences Th17 immunity remains unknown. We discovered that decreasing TCR/costimulation signal strength by incremental reduction of αCD3/costimulation beads progressively altered Th17 phenotype. Moreover, Th17 cells stimulated with αCD3/inducible costimulator (ICOS) beads produced more IL-17A, IFNγ, IL-2, and IL-22 than those stimulated with αCD3/CD28 beads. Compared with Th17 cells stimulated with the standard, strong signal strength (three beads per T cell), Th17 cells propagated with 30-fold fewer αCD3/ICOS beads were less reliant on glucose and favored the central carbon pathway for bioenergetics, marked by abundant intracellular phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Importantly, Th17 cells stimulated with weak αCD3/ICOS beads and redirected with a chimeric antigen receptor that recognizes mesothelin were more effective at clearing human mesothelioma. Less effective CAR Th17 cells generated with high αCD3/ICOS beads were rescued by overexpressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), a PEP regulator. Thus, Th17 therapy can be improved by using fewer activation beads during manufacturing, a finding that is cost effective and directly translatable to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Wyatt
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Logan W Huff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michelle H Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lillian R Neal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Andrew R Medvec
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guillermo O Rangel Rivera
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Aubrey S Smith
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Amalia M Rivera Reyes
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hannah M Knochelmann
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - James L Riley
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Surgery: Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Pan Y, Yang W, Tang B, Wang X, Zhang Q, Li W, Li L. The protective and pathogenic role of Th17 cell plasticity and function in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192303. [PMID: 37457739 PMCID: PMC10339829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
At the turn of the century, researchers discovered a unique subtype of T helper cells that secretes IL-17 and defined it as Th17. The latest study found that Th17 cells play both positive and negative definitive roles in the regulation of antitumor immune responses. Although the function of Th17 in the tumor microenvironment remains poorly understood, more and more studies have shown that this paradoxical dual role is closely related to the plasticity of Th17 cells in recent decades. Further understanding of the characteristics of Th17 cells in the tumor microenvironment could yield novel and useful therapeutic approaches to treat cancer. In this review, we further present the high plasticity of Th17 cells and the function of Th17-producing IL-17 in tumor immunity.
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Sun L, Su Y, Jiao A, Wang X, Zhang B. T cells in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:235. [PMID: 37332039 PMCID: PMC10277291 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Upon antigen stimulation, naïve T cells differentiate into CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic effector and memory cells, mediating direct killing, diverse immune regulatory function, and long-term protection. In response to acute and chronic infections and tumors, T cells adopt distinct differentiation trajectories and develop into a range of heterogeneous populations with various phenotype, differentiation potential, and functionality under precise and elaborate regulations of transcriptional and epigenetic programs. Abnormal T-cell immunity can initiate and promote the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of T cell development, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell classification, and differentiation in physiological settings. We further elaborate the heterogeneity, differentiation, functionality, and regulation network of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in infectious disease, chronic infection and tumor, and autoimmune disease, highlighting the exhausted CD8+ T cell differentiation trajectory, CD4+ T cell helper function, T cell contributions to immunotherapy and autoimmune pathogenesis. We also discuss the development and function of γδ T cells in tissue surveillance, infection, and tumor immunity. Finally, we summarized current T-cell-based immunotherapies in both cancer and autoimmune diseases, with an emphasis on their clinical applications. A better understanding of T cell immunity provides insight into developing novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China.
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10
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Miholjcic TBS, Halse H, Bonvalet M, Bigorgne A, Rouanne M, Dercle L, Shankar V, Marabelle A. Rationale for LDH-targeted cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2023; 181:166-178. [PMID: 36657325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have significantly improved the survival of patients in many cancers over the last decade. However, primary and secondary resistances are encountered in most patients. Unravelling resistance mechanisms to cancer immunotherapies is an area of active investigation. Elevated levels of circulating enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) have been historically considered in oncology as a marker of bad prognosis, usually attributed to elevated tumour burden and cancer metabolism. Recent evidence suggests that elevated LDH levels could be independent from tumour burden and contain a negative predictive value, which could help in guiding treatment strategies in immuno-oncology. In this review, we decipher the rationale supporting the potential of LDH-targeted therapeutic strategies to tackle the direct immunosuppressive effects of LDH on a wide range of immune cells, and enhance the survival of patients treated with cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina B S Miholjcic
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Heloise Halse
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Mélodie Bonvalet
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Amélie Bigorgne
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Rouanne
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Département d'Urologie, Hôpital Foch, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Laurent Dercle
- Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vishnu Shankar
- Immunology Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie (LRTI), INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique BIOTHERIS, INSERM CIC1428, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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11
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Zmigrodzka M, Witkowska-Pilaszewicz O, Pingwara R, Pawlak A, Winnicka A. Canine B Cell Lymphoma- and Leukemia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Moderate Differentiation and Cytokine Production of T and B Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179831. [PMID: 36077229 PMCID: PMC9456052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are formed in physiological and pathological conditions by almost all mammalian cells. They are known as submicron “molecules” that transport and horizontally transfer their cargo from maternal cells to donor cells. Moreover, cancer cells produce tumor-derived EVs (TEVs), which are present in blood of patients with solid tumors and those with hematological malignancies. Their role in evading immune system surveillance and induction of immunosuppression in hematological cancer is limited. According to the authors’ best knowledge, there is no information about the impact of TEVs from canine lymphoma (CLBL-1) and leukemia (CLB70) on lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In conclusion, we demonstrate in in vitro experiments that CLBL-1 EVs and CLB70 EVs are effectively taken up by T and B lymphocytes. TEVs decrease the percentage of B lymphocytes and increase that of T lymphocytes, and change T cells’ phenotype into the effector memory (EM) or terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) subtype after in vitro co-culturing. Moreover, CLBL70 EVs have pro-tumorogenic properties by inhibiting the production of CD8+IL-17+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zmigrodzka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Witkowska-Pilaszewicz
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Pingwara
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, CK Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Winnicka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Hickman TL, Choi E, Whiteman KR, Muralidharan S, Pai T, Johnson T, Parikh A, Friedman T, Gilbert M, Shen B, Barron L, McGinness KE, Ettenberg SA, Motz GT, Weiss GJ, Jensen-Smith A. BOXR1030, an anti-GPC3 CAR with exogenous GOT2 expression, shows enhanced T cell metabolism and improved anti-cell line derived tumor xenograft activity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266980. [PMID: 35507536 PMCID: PMC9067639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The solid tumor microenvironment (TME) drives T cell dysfunction and inhibits the effectiveness of immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor-based T cell (CAR T) cells. Early data has shown that modulation of T cell metabolism can improve intratumoral T cell function in preclinical models. Experimental design We evaluated GPC3 expression in human normal and tumor tissue specimens. We developed and evaluated BOXR1030, a novel CAR T therapeutic co-expressing glypican-3 (GPC3)-targeted CAR and exogenous glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2) in terms of CAR T cell function both in vitro and in vivo. Results Cell surface expression of tumor antigen GPC3 was observed by immunohistochemical staining in tumor biopsies from hepatocellular carcinoma, liposarcoma, squamous lung cancer, and Merkel cell carcinoma patients. Compared to control GPC3 CAR alone, BOXR1030 (GPC3-targeted CAR T cell that co-expressed GOT2) demonstrated superior in vivo efficacy in aggressive solid tumor xenograft models, and showed favorable attributes in vitro including an enhanced cytokine production profile, a less-differentiated T cell phenotype with lower expression of stress and exhaustion markers, an enhanced metabolic profile and increased proliferation in TME-like conditions. Conclusions Together, these results demonstrated that co-expression of GOT2 can substantially improve the overall antitumor activity of CAR T cells by inducing broad changes in cellular function and phenotype. These data show that BOXR1030 is an attractive approach to targeting select solid tumors. To this end, BOXR1030 will be explored in the clinic to assess safety, dose-finding, and preliminary efficacy (NCT05120271).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor L. Hickman
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eugene Choi
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kathleen R. Whiteman
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- SOTIO Biotech Inc
| | | | - Tapasya Pai
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tyler Johnson
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Avani Parikh
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Taylor Friedman
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Madaline Gilbert
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Binzhang Shen
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Luke Barron
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Seth A. Ettenberg
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Greg T. Motz
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Glen J. Weiss
- Unum Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- SOTIO Biotech Inc
- * E-mail: (GJW); (AJS)
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13
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López-Cantillo G, Urueña C, Camacho BA, Ramírez-Segura C. CAR-T Cell Performance: How to Improve Their Persistence? Front Immunol 2022; 13:878209. [PMID: 35572525 PMCID: PMC9097681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with T cells reprogrammed to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T cells) has been highly successful in patients with hematological neoplasms. However, its therapeutic benefits have been limited in solid tumor cases. Even those patients who respond to this immunotherapy remain at risk of relapse due to the short-term persistence or non-expansion of CAR-T cells; moreover, the hostile tumor microenvironment (TME) leads to the dysfunction of these cells after reinfusion. Some research has shown that, in adoptive T-cell therapies, the presence of less differentiated T-cell subsets within the infusion product is associated with better clinical outcomes. Naive and memory T cells persist longer and exhibit greater antitumor activity than effector T cells. Therefore, new methods are being studied to overcome the limitations of this therapy to generate CAR-T cells with these ideal phenotypes. In this paper, we review the characteristics of T-cell subsets and their implications in the clinical outcomes of adoptive therapy with CAR-T cells. In addition, we describe some strategies developed to overcome the reduced persistence of CAR T-cells and alternatives to improve this therapy by increasing the expansion ability and longevity of modified T cells. These methods include cell culture optimization, incorporating homeostatic cytokines during the expansion phase of manufacturing, modulation of CAR-T cell metabolism, manipulating signaling pathways involved in T-cell differentiation, and strategies related to CAR construct designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina López-Cantillo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería Celular y Molecular, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud (IDCBIS), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claudia Urueña
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Cesar Ramírez-Segura
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería Celular y Molecular, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud (IDCBIS), Bogotá, Colombia
- Instituto Distrital de Ciencia Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud (IDCBIS), Bogotá, Colombia
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14
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Zhang M, Zhao H, Gao H. Interleukin-24 Limits Tumor-Infiltrating T Helper 17 Cell Response in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:212-222. [PMID: 35099297 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Daqing People's Hospital, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Daqing People's Hospital, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglei Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Daqing People's Hospital, Daqing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Inflammatory Mediators and Gut Microbial Toxins Drive Colon Tumorigenesis by IL-23 Dependent Mechanism. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205159. [PMID: 34680308 PMCID: PMC8533859 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Western-style diet, rich in high fat, is the major cause of obesity and enhanced risk of colon cancer in the USA and worldwide. The inflammatory molecules are a well-established link between obesity and the modulation of colon tumorigenesis. In particular, IL-23 plays an important role in the impact of a western-style diet on obesity, the gut microbiome, and colon tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanism of IL-23 production for colon tumor progression and whether IL-23 can be a potential target is not clear. Our findings signify the role of pro-tumorigenic innate immune cells, including dendritic cells and macrophages in IL-23 production by bacterial toxins and eicosanoids. IL-23 knockdown in the tumorigenic dendritic cells and macrophages inhibited the colon tumor cell and organoids growth. Taken together, targeting IL-23 may be a promising option for the prevention and treatment of high-fat/obesity-associated colon cancer in clinical trials. Abstract Obesity-associated chronic inflammation predisposes colon cancer risk development. Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a potential inflammatory mediator linking obesity to chronic colonic inflammation, altered gut microbiome, and colon carcinogenesis. We aimed to elucidate the role of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and gut bacterial toxins in priming dendritic cells and macrophages for IL-23 secretion to promote colon tumor progression. To investigate the association of IL-23 with obesity and colon tumorigenesis, we utilized TCGA data set and colonic tumors from humans and preclinical models. To understand IL-23 production by inflammatory mediators and gut microbial toxins, we performed several in vitro mechanistic studies to mimic the tumor microenvironment. Colonic tumors were utilized to perform the ex vivo experiments. Our findings showed that IL-23 is elevated in obese individuals, colonic tumors and correlated with reduced disease-free survival. In vitro studies showed that IL-23 treatment increased the colon tumor cell self-renewal, migration, and invasion while disrupting epithelial barrier permeability. Co-culture experiments of educated dendritic cells/macrophages with colon cancer cells significantly increased the tumor aggression by increasing the secretory levels of IL-23, and these observations are further supported by ex vivo rat colonic tumor organotypic experiments. Our results demonstrate gut microbe toxins and eicosanoids facilitate IL-23 production, which plays an important role in obesity-associated colonic tumor progression. This newly identified nexus represents a potential target for the prevention and treatment of obesity-associated colon cancer.
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16
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Aharon A, Horn G, Bar-Lev TH, Zagagi Yohay E, Waks T, Levin M, Deshet Unger N, Avivi I, Globerson Levin A. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cells: A Potential Therapy for Cancer. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:1224-1241. [PMID: 34494460 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are genetically engineered T cells, directed against a tumor-associated antigen. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from CAR-T cells (CAR-T EVs) may preserve CAR-T activity and overcome one of the major obstacles responsible for CAR-T cell failure in patients with solid tumors. This study aimed to compare CAR-T EVs with their parental cells and explore their cell penetration and cytotoxic activity. Anti-HER-2 CARs were stimulated with specific target cells. EVs were isolated from the cell media and characterized for their content and functions. We found that CAR-T EVs contained a mixture of small and large EVs. Stimulated anti-HER-2+ CAR-T EVs expressed lower cytokine levels compared with their parental CAR-T cells (such as interferon gamma). Higher levels of granzyme B were found in CAR-T EVs (≥20 × ) compared with EVs from unstimulated cells (p < 0.001). Anti-HER-2+ CAR-T EVs bound and penetrated specifically into HER-2 expressing target cells. Similar cytotoxic effects measured by caspase-3/7 activity were found in CAR-T cells and their derived EVs. However, while the CAR-T cells induced massive apoptosis during the first 24 h, CAR-T EVs required 60 - 90 h. In summary, CAR-T EVs provide a novel potent immunotherapy approach that may be effective against solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Aharon
- Hematology Research Laboratory for Extracellular Vesicles, Hematology Division, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galit Horn
- Immunology Laboratory, Research & Development Department, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tali Hana Bar-Lev
- Hematology Research Laboratory for Extracellular Vesicles, Hematology Division, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Einav Zagagi Yohay
- Hematology Research Laboratory for Extracellular Vesicles, Hematology Division, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tova Waks
- Immunology Laboratory, Research & Development Department, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Immunology Department, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Levin
- Hematology Research Laboratory for Extracellular Vesicles, Hematology Division, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naamit Deshet Unger
- Immunology Laboratory, Research & Development Department, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Avivi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Hematology Division, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Globerson Levin
- Immunology Laboratory, Research & Development Department, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Dotan Center for Advanced Therapies, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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17
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Phloretin Modulates Human Th17/Treg Cell Differentiation In Vitro via AMPK Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6267924. [PMID: 32802861 PMCID: PMC7411462 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6267924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective We conducted studies to explore the effect of phloretin on glucose uptake, proliferation, and differentiation of human peripheral blood CD4+ T cells and investigated the mechanism of phloretin on inducing Th17/Treg development. Methods Naïve CD4+ T cells were purified from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers, stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies, and polarized in vitro to generate Th17 or Treg cells. Glucose uptake, proliferation, cell cycle, protein expression (phospho-Stat3, phospho-Stat5), and Th17 and Treg cell numbers were analyzed by flow cytometry. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling was analyzed by western blot. Results and Discussion. Phloretin could inhibit the glucose uptake and proliferation of activated CD4+ T cells. The proliferation inhibition was due to the G0/G1 phase arrest. Phloretin decreased Th17 cell generation and phospho-Stat3 expression as well as increased Treg cell generation and phospho-Stat5 expression in the process of inducing Th17/Treg differentiation. The phosphorylation level of AMPK was significantly enhanced, while the phosphorylation level of mTOR was significantly decreased in activated CD4+ T cells under phloretin treatment. The AMPK signaling inhibitor compound C (Com C) could neutralize the effect of phloretin, while the agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) could impact the Th17/Treg balance similar to phloretin during Th17/Treg induction. Conclusion Our results suggest that phloretin can mediate the Th17/Treg balance by regulating metabolism via the AMPK signal pathway.
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18
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Vitiello GA, Miller G. Targeting the interleukin-17 immune axis for cancer immunotherapy. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20190456. [PMID: 31727783 PMCID: PMC7037254 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-17 plays versatile roles during tumorigenesis. Here, Vitiello and Miller summarize current knowledge in harnessing IL-17–producing γδ and Th17 cells for successful cancer immunotherapy. The role of IL-17 in cancer remains controversial. Emerging evidence suggests that during early oncogenesis IL-17 supports tumor growth, whereas in established tumors IL-17 production by γδ and Th17 cells potentiates antitumor immunity. Consequently, γδ and Th17 cells are attractive targets for immunotherapy in the IL-17 immune axis. To optimize IL-17–based immunotherapy, a deeper understanding of the cytokines dictating IL-17 production and the polarity of γδ and Th17 cells is critical. Here, we delve into the dichotomous roles of IL-17 in cancer and provide insight into the tumor microenvironment conducive for successful IL-17–based γδ and Th17 cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo A Vitiello
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - George Miller
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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19
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Hewitt SL, Bai A, Bailey D, Ichikawa K, Zielinski J, Karp R, Apte A, Arnold K, Zacharek SJ, Iliou MS, Bhatt K, Garnaas M, Musenge F, Davis A, Khatwani N, Su SV, MacLean G, Farlow SJ, Burke K, Frederick JP. Durable anticancer immunity from intratumoral administration of IL-23, IL-36γ, and OX40L mRNAs. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/477/eaat9143. [PMID: 30700577 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat9143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many solid cancers contain dysfunctional immune microenvironments. Immune system modulators that initiate responses to foreign pathogens could be promising candidates for reigniting productive responses toward tumors. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-12 cytokine family members cooperate at barrier tissues after microbial invasion, in human inflammatory diseases, and in antitumoral immunity. IL-36γ, in classic alarmin fashion, acts in damaged tissues, whereas IL-23 centrally coordinates immune responses to danger signals. In this study, direct intratumoral delivery of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding these cytokines produced robust anticancer responses in a broad range of tumor microenvironments. The addition of mRNA encoding the T cell costimulator OX40L increased complete response rates in treated and untreated distal tumors compared to the cytokine mRNAs alone. Mice exhibiting complete responses were subsequently protected from tumor rechallenge. Treatments with these mRNA mixtures induced downstream cytokine and chemokine expression, and also activated multiple dendritic cell (DC) and T cell types. Consistent with this, efficacy was dependent on Batf3-dependent cross-presenting DCs and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. IL-23/IL-36γ/OX40L triplet mRNA mixture triggered substantial immune cell recruitment into tumors, enabling effective tumor destruction irrespective of previous tumoral immune infiltrates. Last, combining triplet mRNA with checkpoint blockade led to efficacy in models otherwise resistant to systemic immune checkpoint inhibition. Human cell studies showed similar cytokine responses to the individual components of this mRNA mixture, suggesting translatability of immunomodulatory activity to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ailin Bai
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dyane Bailey
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kana Ichikawa
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John Zielinski
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Russell Karp
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ameya Apte
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kristen Arnold
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sima J Zacharek
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maria S Iliou
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Khushbu Bhatt
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maija Garnaas
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Faith Musenge
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ashley Davis
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nikhil Khatwani
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephen V Su
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Graham MacLean
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Samuel J Farlow
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kristine Burke
- Moderna Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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20
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Kuen DS, Kim BS, Chung Y. IL-17-Producing Cells in Tumor Immunity: Friends or Foes? Immune Netw 2020; 20:e6. [PMID: 32158594 PMCID: PMC7049578 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17 is produced by RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt)-expressing cells including Th17 cells, subsets of γδT cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). The biological significance of IL-17-producing cells is well-studied in contexts of inflammation, autoimmunity and host defense against infection. While most of available studies in tumor immunity mainly focused on the role of T-bet-expressing cells, including cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and their exhaustion status, the role of IL-17-producing cells remains poorly understood. While IL-17-producing T-cells were shown to be anti-tumorigenic in adoptive T-cell therapy settings, mice deficient in type 17 genes suggest a protumorigenic potential of IL-17-producing cells. This review discusses the features of IL-17-producing cells, of both lymphocytic and myeloid origins, as well as their suggested pro- and/or anti-tumorigenic functions in an organ-dependent context. Potential therapeutic approaches targeting these cells in the tumor microenvironment will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Sol Kuen
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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21
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Mahalingam D, Wang JS, Hamilton EP, Sarantopoulos J, Nemunaitis J, Weems G, Carter L, Hu X, Schreeder M, Wilkins HJ. Phase 1 Open-Label, Multicenter Study of First-in-Class RORγ Agonist LYC-55716 (Cintirorgon): Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Evidence of Antitumor Activity. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3508-3516. [PMID: 30819679 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transcription factor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) regulates type 17 effector T-cell differentiation and function and is key to immune cell regulation. Synthetic RORγ agonists modulate immune cell gene expression to increase effector T-cell activity and decrease immune suppression. A phase 1 study evaluated the safety and tolerability of LYC-55716 (cintirorgon), a first-in-class, oral, small-molecule RORγ agonist in adults with relapsed/refractory metastatic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received 28-day treatment cycles of oral LYC-55716; dose and dosing regimen were determined according to pharmacokinetic profile and safety. Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints included pharmacokinetics and objective tumor response rate. RESULTS No dose-limiting toxicities occurred among the 32 enrolled patients who received LYC-55716 150 mg BID to 450 mg BID. Treatment-related adverse events (AE) were primarily grade 1-2 and included diarrhea (n = 11), fatigue (n = 7), anemia (n = 4), decreased appetite (n = 4), and nausea (n = 4). Grade 3 AEs were anemia (n = 2), elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase (n = 1), and hypophosphatemia (n = 1). Pharmacokinetic concentrations achieved levels expected for target gene regulation. Pharmacodynamic results indicated RORγ pathway engagement. Two patients (NSCLC and sarcomatoid breast cancer) had confirmed partial responses; 11 had disease stabilization for 2 to 12 months (6 received >4 months of treatment). CONCLUSIONS These data support the safety and tolerability of LYC-55716 and selection of 450 mg BID dose for a phase 2a study assessing LYC-55716 clinical activity, safety, and biomarkers in patients with NSCLC, head and neck, gastroesophageal, renal cell, urothelial, and ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devalingam Mahalingam
- Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Judy S Wang
- Drug Development Unit, Sarah Cannon Research Institute at Florida Cancer Specialists, Sarasota, Florida
| | - Erika P Hamilton
- Breast Cancer and Gynecologic Cancer Research Program, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John Sarantopoulos
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - John Nemunaitis
- Executive Medical Director, Mary Crowley Cancer Research, Dallas, Texas
| | - Garry Weems
- Clinical Development, Lycera Corp., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania.
| | | | - Xiao Hu
- Biology, Lycera Corp., Ann Arbor, Michigan
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22
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Liu X, Zawidzka EM, Li H, Lesch CA, Dunbar J, Bousley D, Zou W, Hu X, Carter LL. RORγ Agonists Enhance the Sustained Antitumor Activity through Intrinsic Tc17 Cytotoxicity and Tc1 Recruitment. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1054-1063. [PMID: 31064778 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of RORγ with synthetic small-molecule agonists has been shown to enhance type 17 effector (CD4+ Th17 and CD8+ Tc17 cells) cell functions and decrease immunosuppressive mechanisms, leading to improved antitumor efficacy in adoptive cell transfer and syngeneic murine tumor models. However, whether Tc17 cells possess intrinsic cytotoxicity and the mechanism they use to lyse target cells is controversial. We report here that Tc17 cells were lytic effectors dependent on perforin and granzyme A. In contrast to Tc1 cells, Tc17 cells resisted activation-induced cell death and maintained granzyme A levels, which conferred the ability to lyse target cells in serial encounters. Thus, although the acute lytic capacity of Tc17 cells could be inferior to Tc1 cells, comparable lysis was achieved over time. In addition to direct lytic activity, Tc17 cells infiltrated early into the tumor mass, recruited other CD8+ T cells to the tumor, and enhanced the survival and lytic capability of these cells during repeated target encounters. Synthetic RORγ agonists further augmented Tc17 survival and lytic activity in vitro and in vivo, controlling tumor growth not only through direct cytotoxicity, but also through recruitment and improved function of other effector cells in the tumor microenvironment, which suggests complementary and cooperate activities for effective immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Weiping Zou
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xiao Hu
- Lycera Corp. Ann Arbor, Michigan
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23
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Chen C, Gao FH. Th17 Cells Paradoxical Roles in Melanoma and Potential Application in Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:187. [PMID: 30800130 PMCID: PMC6375889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive infiltration of immune cells is associated with the progression of melanoma. Specifically, Th17 cells in melanoma microenvironment have both antitumor and protumor effects. It is now necessary to understand the contradictory data associated with how Th17 cells play a role in melanoma. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the potential mechanisms that may be involved in the effects of Th17 cells in melanoma progression. Currently, since adoptive transferring Th17 cells has been successful in eradicating melanoma in mice, it offers promise for next-generation adoptive cell transfer, as ex vivo expanded stemness-like memory Th17 cells which are induced by distinct cytokines or pharmacologic reagents may be infused into melanoma patients to potentiate treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Hou Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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24
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Zhang GL, Zhang T, Zhao QY, Xie C, Lin CS, Gao ZL. Increased IL-17-producing CD8 + T cell frequency predicts short-term mortality in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2018; 14:2127-2136. [PMID: 30464485 PMCID: PMC6214596 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s184809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IL-17-producing CD8+ T (Tc17) cells promote inflammation and have been identified in chronic hepatitis. However, the role of Tc17 cells in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) remains unclear. Methods The frequency of Tc17 cells in blood samples from 66 patients with HBV-ACLF was determined by flow cytometry. The levels of Tc17 cell-related cytokines were measured by FlowCytomix assays. The prognostic prediction accuracy was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Mortality predictors were determined by the Cox regression analysis. Results The frequency of Tc17 cells was markedly higher in patients with HBV-ACLF than in those with chronic hepatitis B and normal control subjects. Increased frequencies of Tc17 cells may indicate liver injury and were positively correlated with disease severity. The Tc17 cell frequency was significantly higher in non-surviving patients with HBV-ACLF than in surviving patients. The ROC curve analysis showed that Tc17 cell frequency accurately predicted 90-day survival in patients with HBV-ACLF, with an accuracy equivalent to those of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), MELD-Na, and Chronic Liver Failure Consortium ACLF scores. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed an association between the increase in circulating Tc17 cells and poor overall survival in patients with HBV-ACLF. Moreover, the multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that Tc17 cell frequency was an independent predictor of overall survival in patients with HBV-ACLF. Conclusion Tc17 cells may play a proinflammatory role in HBV-ACLF pathogenesis. Furthermore, the increased frequency of circulating Tc17 cells could be an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with HBV-ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Lin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Chan Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Chao-Shuang Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Zhi-Liang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China,
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25
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Liu N, Jiang Y, Chen J, Nan H, Zhao Y, Chu X, Wang A, Wang D, Qin T, Gao S, Yi Q, Yue Y, Wang S. IL-33 drives the antitumor effects of dendritic cells via the induction of Tc9 cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 16:644-651. [PMID: 30275536 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) tumor vaccines exert their antitumor effects through the induction of effector T cells. We recently identified Tc9 cells as a new potent antitumor effector T cell subset. However, approaches to direct DCs to preferably prime antitumor Tc9 cells should be further exploited. Here, we demonstrate that the addition of interleukin (IL)-33 potently promotes the induction of Tc9 cells by DCs in vitro and in vivo. IL-33 treatment also drives the cytotoxic activities of DC-induced Tc9 cells. Notably, IL-33 treatment enhances cell survival and proliferation of DC-primed CD8+ T cells. More importantly, the addition of IL-33 during in vitro priming of tumor-specific Tc9 cells by DCs increases the antitumor capability of Tc9 cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that IL-33 treatment inhibits exhaustive CD8+ T cell differentiation by inhibiting PD-1 and 2B4 expression and increasing IL-2 and CD127 (IL-7 receptor-α, IL-7Rα) expression in CD8+ T cells. Finally, the addition of IL-33 further promotes the therapeutic efficacy of DC-based tumor vaccines in the OT-I mouse model. Our study demonstrates the important role of IL-33 in DC-induced Tc9 cell differentiation and antitumor immunity and may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Yuxue Jiang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Jintong Chen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - He Nan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Yinghua Zhao
- Department of Cancer Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Xiao Chu
- Department of Cancer Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Alison Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Dongjiao Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Tianxue Qin
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Qing Yi
- Department of Cancer Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Ying Yue
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.
| | - Siqing Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China.
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26
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Eby JM, Smith AR, Riley TP, Cosgrove C, Ankney CM, Henning SW, Paulos CM, Garrett-Mayer E, Luiten RM, Nishimura MI, Baker BM, Le Poole IC. Molecular properties of gp100-reactive T-cell receptors drive the cytokine profile and antitumor efficacy of transgenic host T cells. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 32:68-78. [PMID: 30009548 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To study the contribution of T-cell receptors (TCR) to resulting T-cell responses, we studied three different human αβ TCRs, reactive to the same gp100-derived peptide presented in the context of HLA-A*0201. When expressed in primary CD8 T cells, all receptors elicited classic antigen-induced IFN-γ responses, which correlated with TCR affinity for peptide-MHC in the order T4H2 > R6C12 > SILv44. However, SILv44 elicited superior IL-17A release. Importantly, in vivo, SILv44-transgenic T cells mediated superior antitumor responses to 888-A2 + human melanoma tumor cells upon adoptive transfer into tumor-challenged mice while maintaining IL-17 expression. Modeling of the TCR ternary complexes suggested architectural differences between SILv44 and the other complexes, providing a potential structural basis for the observed differences. Overall, the data reveal a more prominent role for the T-cell receptor in defining host T-cell physiology than traditionally assumed, while parameters beyond IFN-γ secretion and TCR affinity ultimately determine the reactivity of tumor-reactive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Eby
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Angela R Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Timothy P Riley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Cormac Cosgrove
- Department of Dermatology, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christian M Ankney
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Steven W Henning
- Department of Dermatology, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rosalie M Luiten
- Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael I Nishimura
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Brian M Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - I Caroline Le Poole
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois.,Department of Dermatology, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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27
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Knochelmann HM, Smith AS, Dwyer CJ, Wyatt MM, Mehrotra S, Paulos CM. CAR T Cells in Solid Tumors: Blueprints for Building Effective Therapies. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1740. [PMID: 30140266 PMCID: PMC6094980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic redirection of T lymphocytes with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has soared from treating cancers preclinically to FDA approval for hematologic malignancies and commercial-grade production scale in under 30 years. To date, solid tumors are less susceptible to CAR therapies and instead have been treated more successfully with immune checkpoint blockade or tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy. Here, we discuss the current challenges in treating solid tumors with CAR T cells, and the obstacles within the host and tumor microenvironment hindering their efficacy. We present a novel three-pronged approach for enhancing the efficacy of CAR T cells whereby a single infusion product can synergize the power of an optimal CAR construct, a highly potent T cell subset, and rejuvenate the endogenous immune response to conquer therapeutically-resistant solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Knochelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Aubrey S Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Connor J Dwyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Megan M Wyatt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Welters MJP, Ma W, Santegoets SJAM, Goedemans R, Ehsan I, Jordanova ES, van Ham VJ, van Unen V, Koning F, van Egmond SI, Charoentong P, Trajanoski Z, van der Velden LA, van der Burg SH. Intratumoral HPV16-Specific T Cells Constitute a Type I-Oriented Tumor Microenvironment to Improve Survival in HPV16-Driven Oropharyngeal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:634-647. [PMID: 29018052 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) has a much better prognosis than HPV-negative OPSCC, and this is linked to dense tumor immune infiltration. As the viral antigens may trigger potent immunity, we studied the relationship between the presence of intratumoral HPV-specific T-cell responses, the immune contexture in the tumor microenvironment, and clinical outcome.Experimental Design: To this purpose, an in-depth analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in a prospective cohort of 97 patients with HPV16-positive and HPV16-negative OPSCC was performed using functional T-cell assays, mass cytometry (CyTOF), flow cytometry, and fluorescent immunostaining of tumor tissues. Key findings were validated in a cohort of 75 patients with HPV16-positive OPSCC present in the publicly available The Cancer Genome Atlas database.Results: In 64% of the HPV16-positive tumors, type I HPV16-specific T cells were present. Their presence was not only strongly related to a better overall survival, a smaller tumor size, and less lymph node metastases but also to a type I-oriented tumor microenvironment, including high numbers of activated CD161+ T cells, CD103+ tissue-resident T cells, dendritic cells (DC), and DC-like macrophages.Conclusions: The viral antigens trigger a tumor-specific T-cell response that shapes a favorable immune contexture for the response to standard therapy. Hence, reinforcement of HPV16-specific T-cell reactivity is expected to boost this process. Clin Cancer Res; 24(3); 634-47. ©2017 AACRSee related commentary by Laban and Hoffmann, p. 505.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marij J P Welters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wenbo Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Renske Goedemans
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ilina Ehsan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vanessa J van Ham
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent van Unen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvia I van Egmond
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Division for Bioinformatics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lilly-Ann van der Velden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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29
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Wang Z, Zhao J, Zhao H, A S, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wang F. Infiltrating CD4/CD8 high T cells shows good prognostic impact in pancreatic cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:8820-8828. [PMID: 31966748 PMCID: PMC6965435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in a certain tumor microenvironment are associated with the prognosis of cancer patients. The function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the microenvironment of pancreatic cancer remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of both CD4+ and CD8+ TIL subsets and their combined role in pancreatic cancer. In this study, pancreatic cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues were collected from 90 patients. The expression levels of CD4 and CD8+ T cells in pancreatic cancer tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry method. The results showed that CD4+ iTIL expression was significantly correlated with tumor stage. CD8+ iTILs were significantly correlated with lymphatic vessel invasion and tumor stage; CD8+ sTILs not only showed correlation with lymphatic vessel invasion and tumor stage, but also had correlation with pathologic differentiation; the survival time of high CD4 expression group was longer compared to the low CD4 expression group. CD4+ T cells were capable of killing tumor cells and prolonging the survival time of patients either directly or indirectly. According to Cox regression analysis, it was indicated that pathological differentiation, lymphatic vessel invasion, tumor stage, CD4+ and CD8+ TILs were the principle risk factors of pancreatic cancer prognosis. Especially multivariate analysis showed that pathological differentiation and the combination of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs expression were independent predictors of pancreatic cancer survival. Expression levels of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs in pancreatic cancer may provide promising and useful markers for prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxia Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Inner Mongolia Medical College Affiliated Hospital Hohhot, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Inner Mongolia Medical College Affiliated Hospital Hohhot, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Inner Mongolia Medical College Affiliated Hospital Hohhot, China
| | - Sileng A
- Department of General Surgery, Inner Mongolia Medical College Affiliated Hospital Hohhot, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Inner Mongolia Medical College Affiliated Hospital Hohhot, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Inner Mongolia Medical College Affiliated Hospital Hohhot, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Inner Mongolia Medical College Affiliated Hospital Hohhot, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Inner Mongolia Medical College Affiliated Hospital Hohhot, China
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30
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Seth P, Csizmadia E, Hedblom A, Vuerich M, Xie H, Li M, Longhi MS, Wegiel B. Deletion of Lactate Dehydrogenase-A in Myeloid Cells Triggers Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3632-3643. [PMID: 28446465 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunometabolism is emerging as a critical determinant of cancer pathophysiology. In this study, we explored the contributions of macrophage-expressed lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) to tumor formation in a K-Ras murine model of lung carcinoma. Myeloid-specific deletion of LDH-A promoted accumulation of macrophages with a CD86high and MCP-1high M1-like phenotype that suppressed tumor growth. This phenotypic effect was accompanied by reduced VEGF expression and angiogenesis, diminished numbers of PD-L1+ cancer cells, increased numbers of CD3+ T cells, and activation status of CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, it was associated with more pronounced antitumor T-cell immunity via induction of IL17 and IFNγ-producing CD8+ T (Tc17 and Tc1) cells, likely via suppression of lactate-driven PD-L1 expression. Our results suggest that expressions of LDH-A and lactate by macrophage in the tumor microenvironment are major drivers of T-cell immunosuppression, strongly supporting the concept of targeting stromal LDH-A as an effective strategy to blunt tumoral immune escape. Cancer Res; 77(13); 3632-43. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Seth
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Boston, Massachusetts.,BIDMC Cancer Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andreas Hedblom
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marta Vuerich
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mailin Li
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara Wegiel
- BIDMC Cancer Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Surgery, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Majchrzak K, Nelson MH, Bowers JS, Bailey SR, Wyatt MM, Wrangle JM, Rubinstein MP, Varela JC, Li Z, Himes RA, Chan SS, Paulos CM. β-catenin and PI3Kδ inhibition expands precursor Th17 cells with heightened stemness and antitumor activity. JCI Insight 2017; 2:90547. [PMID: 28422756 PMCID: PMC5396523 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ICOS costimulation generates Th17 cells with durable memory responses to tumor. Herein, we found that ICOS induces PI3K/p110δ/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in Th17 cells. Coinhibiting PI3Kδ and β-catenin altered the biological fate of Th17 cells. Th17 cells inhibited of both pathways expressed less RORγt, which, in turn, reduced their ability to secrete IL-17. Unexpectedly, these cells were more effective (than uninhibited cells) at regressing tumor when infused into mice, leading to long-term curative responses. PI3Kδ inhibition expanded precursor Th17 cells with a central memory phenotype that expressed nominal regulatory properties (low FoxP3), while β-catenin inhibition enhanced Th17 multifunctionality in vivo. Remarkably, upon TCR restimulation, RORγt and IL-17 rebounded in Th17 cells treated with PI3Kδ and β-catenin inhibitors. Moreover, these cells regained β-catenin, Tcf7, and Akt expression, licensing them to secrete heightened IL-2, persist, and eradicate solid tumors without help from endogenous NK and CD8 T cells. This finding shines a light on ways to repurpose FDA-approved drugs to augment T cell-based cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Majchrzak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Surgery
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, and
| | - Michelle H. Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, and
| | - Jacob S. Bowers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, and
| | - Stefanie R. Bailey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, and
| | - Megan M. Wyatt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, and
| | - John M. Wrangle
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mark P. Rubinstein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery
| | - Juan C. Varela
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Richard A. Himes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Neuroene Therapeutics, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sherine S.L. Chan
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Neuroene Therapeutics, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chrystal M. Paulos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, and
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Abstract
The immune system is essential for host defense against pathogen infections; however dysregulated immune response may lead to inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Elevated activation of both innate immune cells and T cells such as Th17 cells are linked to many autoimmune diseases, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To keep immune homeostasis, the immune system develops a number of negative feedback mechanisms, such as the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, to dampen excessive production of inflammatory cytokines and uncontrolled activation of immune cells. Our recent studies uncover a novel immunoregulatory function of interferon (IFN) pathways on the innate and antigen-specific immune response. Our results show that IFNα/β induced IL-10 production from macrophages and Th17 cells, which in turn negatively regulated Th17 function in autoimmune diseases such as Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of human MS. In a chronic colitis model resembling human IBD, we also found that IL-10 inhibited inflammasome/IL-1 pathway, and the pathogenicity of Th17 cells, leading to reduced chronic intestinal inflammation. Results from our and other studies further suggest that IL-10 produced by both macrophages and regulatory T cells may shift Th17 into more regulatory phenotypes, leading to reduced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beichu Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina 29425-5040, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina 29425-5040, USA
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