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Chen W, Sheng P, Chen Y, Liang Y, Wu S, Jia L, He X, Zhang CF, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. Hypoxia-responsive Immunostimulatory Nanomedicines Synergize with Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy for Potentiating Cancer Immunotherapy. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2023. [PMID: 37033201 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.134869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Inducing cell death while simultaneously enhancing antitumor immune responses is a promising therapeutic approach for multiple cancers. Celastrol (Cel) and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38) have contrasting physicochemical properties, but strong synergy in immunogenic cell death induction and anticancer activity. Herein, a hypoxia-sensitive nanosystem (CS@TAP) was designed to demonstrate effective immunotherapy for colorectal cancer by systemic delivery of an immunostimulatory chemotherapy combination. Furthermore, the combination of CS@TAP with anti-PD-L1 mAb (αPD-L1) exhibited a significant therapeutic benefit of delaying tumor growth and increased local doses of immunogenic signaling and T-cell infiltration, ultimately extending survival. We conclude that CS@TAP is an effective inducer of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, this study provides an encouraging strategy to synergistically induce immunogenic cell death to enhance tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) infiltration for anticancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ping Sheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yujiang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Sixin Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Liying Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xin He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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Chen W, Sheng P, Chen Y, Liang Y, Wu S, Jia L, He X, Zhang CF, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. Hypoxia-responsive Immunostimulatory Nanomedicines Synergize with Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy for Potentiating Cancer Immunotherapy. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2023; 451:138781. [PMID: 37033201 PMCID: PMC10079280 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.138781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Inducing cell death while simultaneously enhancing antitumor immune responses is a promising therapeutic approach for multiple cancers. Celastrol (Cel) and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38) have contrasting physicochemical properties, but strong synergy in immunogenic cell death induction and anticancer activity. Herein, a hypoxia-sensitive nanosystem (CS@TAP) was designed to demonstrate effective immunotherapy for colorectal cancer by systemic delivery of an immunostimulatory chemotherapy combination. Furthermore, the combination of CS@TAP with anti-PD-L1 mAb (αPD-L1) exhibited a significant therapeutic benefit of delaying tumor growth and increased local doses of immunogenic signaling and T-cell infiltration, ultimately extending survival. We conclude that CS@TAP is an effective inducer of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, this study provides an encouraging strategy to synergistically induce immunogenic cell death to enhance tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) infiltration for anticancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ping Sheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yujiang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Sixin Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Liying Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xin He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center of Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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Loss of ARID1A expression is associated with systemic inflammation markers and has important prognostic significance in gastric cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1583-1595. [PMID: 35294647 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03971-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor suppressor gene AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) and systemic inflammatory response (SIR) have been reported to be related to the sensitivity to immunotherapy. This study intended to explore the relationship between ARID1A expression and SIR, and to further elucidate the prognostic value of ARID1A expression in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS The mRNA and protein expression of ARID1A were detected in 272 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues. The data of nine systemic inflammation markers were collected 1 week before gastrectomy. Univariate and multivariate COX analysis were used to screen out independent predictors of GC. RESULTS Negative expression of ARID1A protein was related to GC with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) (p = 0.033), positive programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) (p = 0.005) and lower albumin level (p = 0.0064). Low expression of ARID1A mRNA was common in GC with abnormal E-cadherin (p = 0.020) and a higher platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (p = 0.0391). Multivariate COX analysis showed that the expression of ARID1A protein (p = 0.023), age (p = 0.004), T stage (p = 0.009) and N stage (p = 0.009) were independent predictors of GC. The nomogram established by independent predictors can accurately evaluate the survival risk of patients with GC. CONCLUSIONS The loss of ARID1A protein expression was associated with the dMMR subtype and high expression of PD-L1 in GC. Negative ARID1A protein and low expression of mRNA were associated with aberrant systemic inflammatory markers. The expression of ARID1A protein had important prognostic significance in GC.
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Ieranò C, Righelli D, D'Alterio C, Napolitano M, Portella L, Rea G, Auletta F, Santagata S, Trotta AM, Guardascione G, Liotti F, Prevete N, Maiolino P, Luciano A, Barbieri A, Di Mauro A, Roma C, Esposito Abate R, Tatangelo F, Pacelli R, Normanno N, Melillo RM, Scala S. In PD-1+ human colon cancer cells NIVOLUMAB promotes survival and could protect tumor cells from conventional therapies. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004032. [PMID: 35246475 PMCID: PMC8900051 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly tumors worldwide. The majority of CRC is resistant to anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)-based cancer immunotherapy, with approximately 15% with high-microsatellite instability, high tumor mutation burden, and intratumoral lymphocytic infiltration. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/PD-1 signaling was described in solid tumor cells. In melanoma, liver, and thyroid cancer cells, intrinsic PD-1 signaling activates oncogenic functions, while in lung cancer cells, it has a tumor suppressor effect. Our work aimed to evaluate the effects of the anti-PD-1 nivolumab (NIVO) on CRC cells. METHODS In vitro NIVO-treated human colon cancer cells (HT29, HCT116, and LoVo) were evaluated for cell growth, chemo/radiotherapeutic sensitivity, apoptosis, and spheroid growth. Total RNA-seq was assessed in 6-24 hours NIVO-treated human colon cancer cells HT29 and HCT116 as compared with NIVO-treated PES43 human melanoma cells. In vivo mice carrying HT29 xenograft were intraperitoneally treated with NIVO, OXA (oxaliplatin), and NIVO+OXA, and the tumors were characterized for growth, apoptosis, and pERK1/2/pP38. Forty-eight human primary colon cancers were evaluated for PD-1 expression through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In PD-1+ human colon cancer cells, intrinsic PD-1 signaling significantly decreased proliferation and promoted apoptosis. On the contrary, NIVO promoted proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and protected PD-1+ cells from chemo/radiotherapy. Transcriptional profile of NIVO-treated HT29 and HCT116 human colon cancer cells revealed downregulation of BATF2, DRAM1, FXYD3, IFIT3, MT-TN, and TNFRSF11A, and upregulation of CLK1, DCAF13, DNAJC2, MTHFD1L, PRPF3, PSMD7, and SCFD1; the opposite regulation was described in NIVO-treated human melanoma PES43 cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched for interferon pathway, innate immune, cytokine-mediated signaling pathways. In vivo, NIVO promoted HT29 tumor growth, thus reducing OXA efficacy as revealed through significant Ki-67 increase, pERK1/2 and pP38 increase, and apoptotic cell reduction. Eleven out of 48 primary human colon cancer biopsies expressed PD-1 (22.9%). PD-1 expression is significantly associated with lower pT stage. CONCLUSIONS In PD-1+ human colon cancer cells, NIVO activates tumor survival pathways and could protect tumor cells from conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ieranò
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Crescenzo D'Alterio
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Napolitano
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Portella
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rea
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Federica Auletta
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Santagata
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Trotta
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guardascione
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Federica Liotti
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), CNR-NA1, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nella Prevete
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), CNR-NA1, Napoli, Italy.,Traslational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Piera Maiolino
- Pharmacy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Luciano
- Animal Facility, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbieri
- Animal Facility, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Annabella Di Mauro
- Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Cristin Roma
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Riziero Esposito Abate
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabiana Tatangelo
- Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Pacelli
- Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosa Marina Melillo
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), CNR-NA1, Napoli, Italy.,Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
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Yu X, Cao F, Yu Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Xu T, Di Q, Wu G, Zhang Z, Wang R, Li Y. HNRNPL Is Identified and Validated as a Prognostic Biomarker Associated with Microsatellite Instability in Human Gastric Cancer. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1251-1260. [PMID: 34491823 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is emerging as a promising subtype related to immunotherapy in gastric cancer (GC). However, the underlying mechanism between MSI and microsatellite stability (MSS) remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a weighted gene co-expression network analysis and found that the expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (HNRNPL) was significantly increased in MSI GC compared with MSS GC. This finding was further validated in public GC cohorts and commercialized human GC tissue microarray. The significant negative correlation with the expression of mismatch repair protein mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) may be one of the potential mechanisms for the upregulation of HNRNPL expression in MSI GC (R = -0.689, p = 8.59e-11). In addition, HNRNPL expression was markedly upregulated in GC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. High HNRNPL expression also predicted a poor prognosis in GC patients. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis revealed that high HNRNPL MSI GC samples were highly positive associated with the biological functions of inflammation and cell proliferation, such as interferon gamma response, MYC targets, E2F targets, and G2/M checkpoints. In conclusion, HNRNPL could be a new MSI-associated prognostic biomarker in GC and could be a new target for the MSI GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjie Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Fengjun Cao
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Yuandong Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Quanshu Di
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
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Yuan W, Deng D, Li H, Hu X, Shang X, Hou X, Jiang H, He H. IFNγ/PD-L1 Signaling Improves the Responsiveness of Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Colorectal Cancer: An in vitro Study. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3051-3062. [PMID: 33994797 PMCID: PMC8114827 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s294136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) can be upregulated in cancer cells via interferon gamma (IFNγ) in the tumor microenvironment. IFNγ/PD-L1 signaling is associated with the response to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma patients. Our previous investigation indicated that the microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) cell line might exhibit selective hyperresponsiveness to IFNγ treatment, which contributes to increased PD-L1 expression and may be a mechanism of response to anti-PD-1 therapy in colorectal cancer. Methods The present study evaluated the expression of PD-L1 in a set of MSI and microsatellite stability (MSS) cell lines with IFNγ treatment. The differential signaling molecules associated with signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) contributing to hyperresponsiveness to IFNγ exposure were also investigated. Furthermore, we established a coculture assay containing CT26 cells with higher expression of PD-L1 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. Changes in cancer cell viability as well as apoptosis status in response to anti-PD-1 therapy were demonstrated. We further observed changes in the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes after PD-1 immunotherapy in the coculture assay. Finally, the average extent of inflammation and adaptive immunity factors in the assay was also investigated. Results This in vitro study revealed that the MSI cell line might exhibit hyperresponsiveness to IFNγ exposure, and IFNγ induced upregulation of PD-L1 mainly through increased STAT1 and decreased STAT3 signaling. IFNγ/PD-L1 signaling participated in the response to anti-PD-1 therapy mainly through the CTL profile. Discussion Our findings reinforce previous knowledge of the fact that the response to immune checkpoint blockade occurs mainly in patients with a preexisting intratumoral IFNγ/PD-L1 signal, thus suggesting potential therapeutic strategies to enhance responsiveness to PD-1 blockade immunotherapy in most patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyao Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghui Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Shang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchao Jiang
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchun He
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
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Cui G. The Mechanisms Leading to Distinct Responses to PD-1/PD-L1 Blockades in Colorectal Cancers With Different MSI Statuses. Front Oncol 2021; 11:573547. [PMID: 33763344 PMCID: PMC7982849 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.573547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current clinical studies showed distinct therapeutic outcomes, in which CRC patients with mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) seem to be relatively more "sensitive" in response to anti-programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1)/programmed death-1 receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy than those with mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR)/microsatellite instability-low (MSI-L). The mechanisms by which the same PD-1/PD-L1 blockades lead to two distinct therapeutic responses in CRC patients with different MSI statuses remain poorly understood and become a topic of great interest in both basic research and clinical practice. In this review of the potential mechanisms for the distinct response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockades between dMMR/MSI-H CRCs and pMMR/MSI-L CRCs, relevant references were electronically searched and collected from databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google scholar. Sixty-eight articles with full text and 10 articles by reference-cross search were included for final analysis after eligibility selection according to the guidelines of PRISMA. Analysis revealed that multiple factors e.g. tumor mutation burden, immune cell densities and types in the tumor microenvironment, expression levels of PD-1/PD-L1 and cytokines are potential determinants of such distinct response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockades in CRC patients with different MSI statuses which might help clinicians to select candidates for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and improve therapeutic response in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Faculty of Health Science, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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Xu G, Sun L, Li Y, Xie F, Zhou X, Yang H, Du S, Xu H, Mao Y. The Clinicopathological and Prognostic Value of PD-L1 Expression in Cholangiocarcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:897. [PMID: 31620360 PMCID: PMC6759577 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, blockade of immune checkpoint has emerged as one of the most potential treatments for solid tumors. Programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1), a member of the B7 family of molecules, plays a crucial role in tumor immunobiology. However, the prognostic significance of PD-L1 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients remains controversial. This study aimed to inquire into the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of PD-L1 in CCA via a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar up to April 2019, regardless of the region or language, for studies on the correlation between clinicopathology/prognosis and PD-L1 in patients with CCA. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to investigate the prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in cholangiocarcinoma. The odds ratios (ORs) were also determined to explore the association between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological features. Results: Our meta-analysis included 11 studies with 1,066 patients. The meta-analysis of these studies indicated a trend that high PD-L1 expression indicated a poor OS, but the result was not statistically significant (HR = 1.62, 95% CI [0.98–2.68], p = 0.063). For DFS, although the pooled result is not statistically significant, it trends toward being significant that high PD-L1 expression indicated improved DFS (HR = 0.80, 95% CI [0.62, 1.04], p = 0.092). In subgroup analyses, the results were not consistent across the subgroups that were divided based on the publication year (before 2018: HR = 1.92, 95% CI [1.34–2.75], p < 0.001; after 2018: HR = 1.42, 95% CI [0.70–2.89], p = 0.335). Moreover, PD-L1 expression in TCs significantly correlated with the AJCC TNM stage of CCA (OR = 0.52, 95% CI [0.27, 0.99], p = 0.09). Conclusion: Our meta-analyses revealed that PD-L1 expressed in TCs was significantly correlated with the AJCC TNM stage of CCA. Based on the included studies, we found that PD-L1 indeed expressed in both TCs and ICs in CCA patients, raising the possibility of the use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for CCA patients. In contrast, expression of PD-L1 did not seem to be associated with patient outcome in our study. The prognostic role of PD-L1 in CCA demands further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lejia Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhu Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feihu Xie
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shunda Du
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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