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Khaba T, Papadopoulos AO, Nkosi T, Nxele S, Ngubane T, Jajbhay I, Pansegrouw J, Ndhlovu ZM. Safety and practicality of an excisional lymph node study driving HIV cure research in South Africa. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1442556. [PMID: 39257587 PMCID: PMC11385604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1442556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studying diseased human tissues offers better insights into the intricate interactions between pathogens and the human host. In conditions such as HIV and cancers, where diseases primarily manifest in tissues, peripheral blood studies are limited in providing a thorough understanding of disease processes and localized immune responses. Methods We describe a study designed to obtain excisional lymph nodes from volunteers for HIV reservoir studies. Since study commencement in 2015, 181 lymph node excisions have been performed, resulting in collection of 138 lymph node tissues. Lymph nodes were surgically excised from study volunteers using a minimally invasive procedure, performed in a minor theater under local anesthesia. Results The surgery takes less than 30 minutes to complete, minimizing risk and stress on the volunteer. The small incision made during the procedure typically heals within a week. The associated discomfort is generally manageable, and participants are often able to resume their regular activities within a day. Only 5.5% of the study participants experienced minor adverse events, such as swelling and prolonged wound healing, recovering within 2 weeks with no serious adverse events reported. Discussion Our study demonstrates that when done with outmost care, obtaining excised lymph nodes for research is relatively safe and practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Khaba
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andrea Olga Papadopoulos
- Africa Health Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thandeka Nkosi
- Africa Health Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sifundo Nxele
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thandekile Ngubane
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ismail Jajbhay
- KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health, Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Johan Pansegrouw
- KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health, Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Zaza M Ndhlovu
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Magrill J, Moldoveanu D, Gu J, Lajoie M, Watson IR. Mapping the single cell spatial immune landscapes of the melanoma microenvironment. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024; 41:301-312. [PMID: 38217840 PMCID: PMC11374855 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly immunogenic malignancy with an elevated mutational burden, diffuse lymphocytic infiltration, and one of the highest response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, over half of all late-stage patients treated with ICIs will either not respond or develop progressive disease. Spatial imaging technologies are being increasingly used to study the melanoma tumor microenvironment (TME). The goal of such studies is to understand the complex interplay between the stroma, melanoma cells, and immune cell-types as well as their association with treatment response. Investigators seeking a better understanding of the role of cell location within the TME and the importance of spatial expression of biomarkers are increasingly turning to highly multiplexed imaging approaches to more accurately measure immune infiltration as well as to quantify receptor-ligand interactions (such as PD-1 and PD-L1) and cell-cell contacts. CyTOF-IMC (Cytometry by Time of Flight - Imaging Mass Cytometry) has enabled high-dimensional profiling of melanomas, allowing researchers to identify complex cellular subpopulations and immune cell interactions with unprecedented resolution. Other spatial imaging technologies, such as multiplexed immunofluorescence and spatial transcriptomics, have revealed distinct patterns of immune cell infiltration, highlighting the importance of spatial relationships, and their impact in modulating immunotherapy responses. Overall, spatial imaging technologies are just beginning to transform our understanding of melanoma biology, providing new avenues for biomarker discovery and therapeutic development. These technologies hold great promise for advancing personalized medicine to improve patient outcomes in melanoma and other solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Magrill
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dan Moldoveanu
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jiayao Gu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lajoie
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ian R Watson
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Qurat-ul-Ain, Frei NF, Khoshiwal AM, Stougie P, Odze R, Camilleri-Broet S, Ferri L, Duits LC, Bergman J, Stachler MD. Feasibility Study Utilizing NanoString's Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) Technology for Characterizing the Immune Microenvironment in Barrett's Esophagus Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5895. [PMID: 38136440 PMCID: PMC10742302 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the Barrett's esophagus (BE) microenvironment in patients with a known progression status, to determine how it may influence BE progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), has been understudied, hindering both the biological understanding of the progression and the development of novel diagnostics and therapies. This study's aim was to determine if a highly multiplex interrogation of the microenvironment can be performed on endoscopic formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, utilizing the NanoString GeoMx digital spatial profiling (GeoMx DSP) platform and if it can begin to identify the types of immune cells and pathways that may mediate the progression of BE. We performed a spatial proteomic analysis of 49 proteins expressed in the microenvironment and epithelial cells of FFPE endoscopic biopsies from patients with non-dysplastic BE (NDBE) who later progressed to high-grade dysplasia or EAC (n = 7) or from patients who, after at least 5 years follow-up, did not (n = 8). We then performed an RNA analysis of 1812 cancer-related transcripts on three endoscopic mucosal resections containing regions of BE, dysplasia, and EAC. Profiling with GeoMx DSP showed reasonable quality metrics and detected expected differences between epithelium and stroma. Several proteins were found to have an increased expression within NDBE biopsies from progressors compared to non-progressors, suggesting further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qurat-ul-Ain
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Nicola F. Frei
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pim Stougie
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Odze
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sophie Camilleri-Broet
- Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Ferri
- Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Lucas C. Duits
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Bergman
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew D. Stachler
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
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Suman S, Markovic SN. Melanoma-derived mediators can foster the premetastatic niche: crossroad to lymphatic metastasis. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:724-743. [PMID: 37573226 PMCID: PMC10528107 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of advanced malignant melanoma demonstrates that, in most cases, widespread tumor dissemination is preceded by regional metastases involving tumor-draining lymph nodes [sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs)]. Under physiological conditions, LNs play a central role in immunosurveillance to non-self-antigens to which they are exposed via afferent lymph. The dysfunctional immunity in SLNs is mediated by tumor secretory factors that allow the survival of metastatic melanoma cells within the LN by creating a premetastatic niche (PMN). Recent studies outline the altered microenvironment of LNs shaped by melanoma mediators. Here, we discuss tumor secretory factors involved in subverting tumor immunity and remodeling LNs and highlight emerging therapeutic strategies to reinvigorate antitumoral immunity in SLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Suman
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Svetomir N Markovic
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Therien AD, Beasley GM, Rhodin KE, Farrow NE, Tyler DS, Boczkowski D, Al-Rohil RN, Holl EK, Nair SK. Spatial biology analysis reveals B cell follicles in secondary lymphoid structures may regulate anti-tumor responses at initial melanoma diagnosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:952220. [PMID: 36052068 PMCID: PMC9425113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.952220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction B cells are key regulators of immune responses in melanoma. We aimed to explore differences in the histologic location and activation status of B cell follicles in sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) of melanoma patients. Methods Flow cytometry was performed on fresh tumor draining lymph nodes (LN). Paraffin slides from a separate cohort underwent NanoString Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP)®. After staining with fluorescent markers for CD20 (B cells), CD3 (T cells), CD11c (antigen presenting cells) and a nuclear marker (tumor) was performed, regions of interest (ROI) were selected based on the location of B cell regions (B cell follicles). A panel of 68 proteins was then analyzed from the ROIs. Results B cell percentage trended higher in patients with tumor in LN (n=3) compared to patients with nSLN (n=10) by flow cytometry. B cell regions from a separate cohort of patients with tumor in the (pSLN) (n=8) vs. no tumor (nSLN) (n=16) were examined with DSP. Within B cell regions of the SLN, patients with pSLN had significantly higher expression of multiple activation markers including Ki-67 compared to nSLN patients. Among 4 patients with pSLN, we noted variability in arrangement of B cell follicles which were either surrounding the tumor deposit or appeared to be infiltrating the tumor. The B cell follicle infiltrative pattern was associated with prolonged recurrence free survival. Conclusion These data suggest a role for B cell follicles in coordinating effective adaptive immune responses in melanoma when low volume metastatic disease is present in tumor draining LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D. Therien
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Georgia M. Beasley
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Norma E. Farrow
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Douglas S. Tyler
- Department of Surgery, University Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - David Boczkowski
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rami N. Al-Rohil
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Eda K. Holl
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Eda K. Holl, ; Smita K. Nair,
| | - Smita K. Nair
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States,Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States,Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Eda K. Holl, ; Smita K. Nair,
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Bellone M, Brevi A, Bronte V, Dusi S, Ferrucci PF, Nisticò P, Rosato A, Russo V, Sica A, Toietta G, Colombo MP. Cancer bio-immunotherapy XVIII annual NIBIT-(Italian network for tumor biotherapy) meeting, October 15-16, 2020. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:1787-1794. [PMID: 35034143 PMCID: PMC8761376 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bellone
- Unit of Cellular Immunology, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Brevi
- Unit of Cellular Immunology, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Dusi
- Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pier Francesco Ferrucci
- Unit of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Experimental Oncology, I.R.C.C.S. European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Unit Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, I.R.C.C.S. Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-I.R.C.C.S., Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Unit of Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Sica
- Molecular Immunology Lab, I.R.C.C.S. Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Gabriele Toietta
- Unit Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, I.R.C.C.S. Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Paolo Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20068, Milan, Italy.
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Wu H, He P, Ren Y, Xiao S, Wang W, Liu Z, Li H, Wang Z, Zhang D, Cai J, Zhou X, Jiang D, Fei X, Zhao L, Zhang H, Liu Z, Chen R, Li W, Wang C, Zhang S, Qin J, Nashan B, Sun C. Postmortem high-dimensional immune profiling of severe COVID-19 patients reveals distinct patterns of immunosuppression and immunoactivation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:269. [PMID: 35022412 PMCID: PMC8755743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A complete diagnostic autopsy is the gold-standard to gain insight into Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis. To delineate the in situ immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, here we perform comprehensive high-dimensional transcriptional and spatial immune profiling in 22 COVID-19 decedents from Wuhan, China. We find TIM-3-mediated and PD-1-mediated immunosuppression as a hallmark of severe COVID-19, particularly in men, with PD-1+ cells being proximal rather than distal to TIM-3+ cells. Concurrently, lymphocytes are distal, while activated myeloid cells are proximal, to SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens, consistent with prevalent SARS-CoV-2 infection of myeloid cells in multiple organs. Finally, viral load positively correlates with specific immunosuppression and dendritic cell markers. In summary, our data show that SARS-CoV-2 viral infection induces lymphocyte suppression yet myeloid activation in severe COVID-19, so these two cell types likely have distinct functions in severe COVID-19 disease progression, and should be targeted differently for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Peiqi He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Transplant & Immunology Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Yong Ren
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shiqi Xiao
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Zhenbang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Dingyu Zhang
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430015, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhou
- Third Military Medical University Daping Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dongpo Jiang
- Third Military Medical University Daping Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaochun Fei
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430015, China
| | - Weiqing Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Research, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Chaofu Wang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking, 100730, China
| | - Jiwei Qin
- Transplant & Immunology Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Björn Nashan
- Transplant & Immunology Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Transplant & Immunology Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
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