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Anwar F, Naqvi S, Shams S, Sheikh RA, Al-Abbasi FA, Asseri AH, Baig MR, Kumar V. Nanomedicines: intervention in inflammatory pathways of cancer. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1199-1221. [PMID: 37060398 PMCID: PMC10105366 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex defense process that maintains tissue homeostasis. However, this complex cascade, if lasts long, may contribute to pathogenesis of several diseases. Chronic inflammation has been exhaustively studied in the last few decades, for its contribution in development and progression of cancer. The intrinsic limitations of conventional anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapies triggered the development of nanomedicines for more effective and safer therapies. Targeting inflammation and tumor cells by nanoparticles, encapsulated with active therapeutic agents, offers a promising outcome with patient survival. Considerable technological success has been achieved in this field through exploitation of tumor microenvironment, and recognition of molecules overexpressed on endothelial cells or macrophages, through enhanced vascular permeability, or by rendering biomimetic approach to nanoparticles. This review focusses on the inflammatory pathways in progression of a tumor, and advancement in nanotechnologies targeting these pathways. We also aim to identify the gaps that hinder the successful clinical translation of nanotherapeutics with further clinical studies that will allow oncologist to precisely identify the patients who may be benefited from nanotherapy at time when promotion or progression of tumor initiates. It is postulated that the nanomedicines, in near future, will shift the paradigm of cancer treatment and improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salma Naqvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saiba Shams
- School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, (Deemed to be University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Ryan Adnan Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer H Asseri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mirza Rafi Baig
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacotherapeutics. Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Po Box 19099, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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High abundance of Lachnospiraceae in the human gut microbiome is related to high immunoscores in advanced colorectal cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:315-326. [PMID: 35869338 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The tumor microenvironment (TME) in colorectal cancer (CRC) includes the gut microbiome, immune cells, angiogenic factors, and fibroblasts and plays a major role in cancer progression. The Immunoscore (IS) is based on tumor infiltration by immune cells that are known prognostic biomarkers for CRC. However, the interrelation between the IS, microbiome, and other TME factors in human CRC remains unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cohort of 94 patients with CRC was examined at the Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital in Japan. The expression levels of CD3, CD8, CD31, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the primary tumor were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The IS was calculated based on the results of the CD3 and CD8 staining assays. Microbiomes in patients with CRC were examined by amplicon sequencing. RESULTS The expression levels of α-SMA and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with CRC were negatively correlated (P = 0.006). A high IS was associated with high abundance of Lachnospiraceae in the microbiomes of patients with CRC. CONCLUSION Lymphocyte infiltration into the primary tumor was marked by reduced density of cancer-associated fibroblasts and enrichment of the Lachnospiraceae family in the gut microbiome, which may influence CRC progression.
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Bloom EA, Peters PN, Whitaker R, Russell S, Albright B, Cummings S, Timms KM, Slavin T, Probst B, Strickland KC, Previs RA. Association of Genomic Instability Score, Tumor Mutational Burden, and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes as Biomarkers in Uterine Serous Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:528. [PMID: 36672477 PMCID: PMC9856872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Uterine serous carcinomas represent 10% of uterine carcinomas but account for nearly 40% of deaths from the disease. Improved molecular characterization of these tumors is instrumental in guiding targeted treatment and improving outcomes. This study assessed the genomic instability score (GIS), tumor mutational burden (TMB), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with USC. Methods: A retrospective cohort study evaluated patients with USC following staging surgery. The GIS and TMB were determined from archived specimens. We evaluated the tumoral expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, and CD68 using immunohistochemistry. T-tests were used to assess associations of TILs with the GIS. Results: We evaluated 53 patients with USC. The median GIS was 31 (range: 0−52) and a higher GIS was not associated with progression-free (PFS) or overall survival (OS). The median TMB was 1.35 mt/Mb; patients with TMB > 1.35 mt/Mb had improved PFS and OS (p = 0.005; p = 0.002, respectively). Tumors with increased CD3+ and CD4+ immune cells had a higher mean GIS (p = 0.013, p = 0.002). Conclusions: TMB > 1.35 mt/Mb was associated with improved survival in USC patients, whereas the GIS was not. Lower TMB thresholds may provide prognostic value for less immunogenic tumors such as USC. In this limited cohort, we observed that increased TIL populations were correlated with a higher GIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Bloom
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Pamela N. Peters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Regina Whitaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shonagh Russell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Benjamin Albright
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shelly Cummings
- Myriad Genetics Laboratories, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Kirsten M. Timms
- Myriad Genetics Laboratories, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Thomas Slavin
- Myriad Genetics Laboratories, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Braden Probst
- Myriad Genetics Laboratories, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | | | - Rebecca A. Previs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Labcorp Oncology, Durham, NC 27560, USA
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Allam M, Hu T, Lee J, Aldrich J, Badve SS, Gökmen-Polar Y, Bhave M, Ramalingam SS, Schneider F, Coskun AF. Spatially variant immune infiltration scoring in human cancer tissues. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:60. [PMID: 36050391 PMCID: PMC9437065 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Immunoscore is a method to quantify the immune cell infiltration within cancers to predict the disease prognosis. Previous immune profiling approaches relied on limited immune markers to establish patients’ tumor immunity. However, immune cells exhibit a higher-level complexity that is typically not obtained by the conventional immunohistochemistry methods. Herein, we present a spatially variant immune infiltration score, termed as SpatialVizScore, to quantify immune cells infiltration within lung tumor samples using multiplex protein imaging data. Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) was used to target 26 markers in tumors to identify stromal, immune, and cancer cell states within 26 human tissues from lung cancer patients. Unsupervised clustering methods dissected the spatial infiltration of cells in tissue using the high-dimensional analysis of 16 immune markers and other cancer and stroma enriched labels to profile alterations in the tumors’ immune infiltration patterns. Spatially resolved maps of distinct tumors determined the spatial proximity and neighborhoods of immune-cancer cell pairs. These SpatialVizScore maps provided a ranking of patients’ tumors consisting of immune inflamed, immune suppressed, and immune cold states, demonstrating the tumor’s immune continuum assigned to three distinct infiltration score ranges. Several inflammatory and suppressive immune markers were used to establish the cell-based scoring schemes at the single-cell and pixel-level, depicting the cellular spectra in diverse lung tissues. Thus, SpatialVizScore is an emerging quantitative method to deeply study tumor immunology in cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayar Allam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas Hu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeongjin Lee
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Aldrich
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sunil S Badve
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yesim Gökmen-Polar
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manali Bhave
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suresh S Ramalingam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Frank Schneider
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ahmet F Coskun
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Bioengineering Graduate Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Hou G, Qian J, Guo M, Xu W, Wang J, Wang Y, Suo A. Hydrazide-manganese coordinated multifunctional nanoplatform for potentiating immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:968-983. [PMID: 36037718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based immunotherapy is a revolutionary therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, tumor immune tolerance and escape severely restrict the therapeutic efficacy of ICB therapy. It is urgent to explore new strategies to potentiate ICB therapy in HCC. Herein, we developed manganese oxide-crosslinked bovine albumin/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (BHM) by an innovative hydrazide-manganese coordination and desolvation process. Successive loading of doxorubicin (DOX) and indocyanine green (ICG) was achieved via hydrazone linkage and electrostatic interactions, respectively, obtaining DOX/ICG-coloaded BHM nanoplatform (abbreviated as BHMDI). The BHMDI nanoplatform exhibited a high drug content (>46%) and pH/reduction dual-responsive drug release behavior. The nanoplatform could efficiently alleviate tumor hypoxia by catalytic decomposition of intracellular H2O2 to O2 and significantly improve BHMDI-based photodynamic chemotherapy efficacy. The BHMDI nanoplatform downregulated the proportion of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages in tumors and simultaneously induced immunogenic death of HCC cells, thus promoting the maturation of dendritic cells and ensuing priming of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Importantly, programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade in combination with BHMDI nanoplatform not only eradicated primary tumors but inhibited tumor recurrence, abscopal tumor growth and lung metastasis of HCC by triggering robust systemic antitumor immunity. This work proved the feasibility of BHMDI-based photodynamic chemotherapy for potentiating PD-1 blockade immunotherapy by reversing hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junmin Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Weijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Aili Suo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Correlation between Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio (LMR), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) in Left-Sided Colorectal Cancer Patients. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030385. [PMID: 35336759 PMCID: PMC8945266 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Novel markers are required in order to select high-risk patients and better adjust the treatment. Both peripheral and local markers of cancer-related inflammation (CRI) such as lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) or platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been thoroughly investigated in recent years and deemed to be highly prognostic. We hypothesized that there is an association between local and peripheral CRI indices and that blood-based biomarkers may serve as a surrogate of TILs. We retrospectively analyzed 87 patients with locally advanced left-sided CRC treated with radical-intent surgery in the Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Poland, between January 2014 and December 2015. Fifty patients were found eligible for the study. The patients were divided in terms of pre-treatment values of systemic inflammatory response (SIR) markers into LMR/NLR/PLR-high and low groups. We evaluated the resected specimens by immunohistochemistry in order to assess the densities of CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the center of the tumor and in the invasive margin. We found that the level of CD3+ lymphocytes in the center of the tumor was statistically significantly higher in patients with low pre-treatment NLR (p = 0.044); however, no correlation between any of the SIR markers and CD3+ or CD8+ TILs was observed. Five-year overall survival (OS) was longer in patients with high LMR (p < 0.001), low NLR (p = 0.001) and low PLR (p = 0.095). No correlation between the density of TILs and OS was demonstrated. In conclusion, based on our study, peripheral blood-based markers and CD3+ and CD8+ TILs are not interrelated.
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