1
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Ichiyama K, Long J, Kobayashi Y, Horita Y, Kinoshita T, Nakamura Y, Kominami C, Georgopoulos K, Sakaguchi S. Transcription factor Ikzf1 associates with Foxp3 to repress gene expression in Treg cells and limit autoimmunity and anti-tumor immunity. Immunity 2024; 57:2043-2060.e10. [PMID: 39111316 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The master transcription factor of regulatory T (Treg) cells, forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3), controls Treg cell function by targeting certain genes for activation or repression, but the specific mechanisms by which it mediates this activation or repression under different conditions remain unclear. We found that Ikzf1 associates with Foxp3 via its exon 5 (IkE5) and that IkE5-deficient Treg cells highly expressed genes that would otherwise be repressed by Foxp3 upon T cell receptor stimulation, including Ifng. Treg-specific IkE5-deletion caused interferon-γ (IFN-γ) overproduction, which destabilized Foxp3 expression and impaired Treg suppressive function, leading to systemic autoimmune disease and strong anti-tumor immunity. Pomalidomide, which degrades IKZF1 and IKZF3, induced IFN-γ overproduction in human Treg cells. Mechanistically, the Foxp3-Ikzf1-Ikzf3 complex competed with epigenetic co-activators, such as p300, for binding to target gene loci via chromatin remodeling. Therefore, the Ikzf1 association with Foxp3 is essential for the gene-repressive function of Foxp3 and could be exploited to treat autoimmune disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ichiyama
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Jia Long
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medical Innovations, Osaka Research Center for Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Horita
- Joint Research Chair of Immune-therapeutic Drug Discovery, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Research Management, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kinoshita
- Joint Research Chair of Immune-therapeutic Drug Discovery, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Research Management, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yamami Nakamura
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chizuko Kominami
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katia Georgopoulos
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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2
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Berenbrok N, Vargas-Delgado ME, Beitzen-Heineke A, Schmidt C, Gensch V, Loges S, Ben-Batalla I. Prolonged inhibition of intratumoral mast cells enhances efficacy of low-dose antiangiogenic therapy. Int J Cancer 2024. [PMID: 39175105 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.35132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Low-dose antiangiogenic therapies have demonstrated the ability to enhance normalization of tumor vessels, consequently improving hypoxia levels, drug delivery, and promoting anticancer immune responses. Mast cells have been identified as contributors to resistance against antiangiogenic therapy and facilitators of abnormal neoangiogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that by simultaneously targeting intratumoral mast cells with Imatinib and administering low-dose anti-VEGFR2 therapy, antitumor efficacy can be enhanced in preclinical models. Thus, combinatory treatment overcomes therapy resistance, while concurrently promoting tumor vessel normalization. Notably, histomorphometric analysis of tumor sections revealed that vessel perfusion could be improved through mast cell inhibition and, despite a significantly reduced microvessel density, the combination treatment did not result in elevated tumor hypoxia levels compared to anti-VEGFR2 therapy alone. Short-term Imatinib application effectively increased antitumor efficacy, and by prolonging the application of Imatinib tumor vessel normalization was additionally improved. The combination of mast cell depletion and antiangiogenic treatments has not been investigated in detail and promises to help overcoming therapy resistance. Further studies will be required to explore their impact on other treatment approaches, and subsequently to validate these findings in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Berenbrok
- Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department for Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with the Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Elena Vargas-Delgado
- Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department for Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with the Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Beitzen-Heineke
- Department for Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with the Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Light Microscopy Facility (W210), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Victoria Gensch
- Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department for Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with the Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Loges
- Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department for Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with the Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Ben-Batalla
- Division of Personalized Medical Oncology (A420), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department for Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with the Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Youssef R, Maniar R, Khan J, Mesa H. Metabolic Interplay in the Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Immune Function and Anticancer Response. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9753-9767. [PMID: 38132455 PMCID: PMC10742411 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors exhibit rapid growth and high metabolic rates, similar to embryonic stem cells, and depend on aerobic glycolysis, known as the "Warburg effect". This understanding has enabled the use of radiolabeled glucose analogs in tumor staging and therapeutic response assessment via PET scans. Traditional treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy target rapidly dividing cells, causing significant toxicity. Despite immunotherapy's impact on solid tumor treatment, gaps remain, leading to research on cancer cell evasion of immune response and immune tolerance induction via interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME, consisting of immune cells, fibroblasts, vessels, and the extracellular matrix, regulates tumor progression and therapy responses. TME-targeted therapies aim to transform this environment from supporting tumor growth to impeding it and fostering an effective immune response. This review examines the metabolic disparities between immune cells and cancer cells, their impact on immune function and therapeutic targeting, the TME components, and the complex interplay between cancer cells and nontumoral cells. The success of TME-targeted therapies highlights their potential to achieve better cancer control or even a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Youssef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rohan Maniar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jaffar Khan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hector Mesa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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4
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Shao S, Miao H, Ma W. Unraveling the enigma of tumor-associated macrophages: challenges, innovations, and the path to therapeutic breakthroughs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1295684. [PMID: 38035068 PMCID: PMC10682717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1295684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are integral to the tumor microenvironment (TME), influencing cancer progression significantly. Attracted by cancer cell signals, TAMs exhibit unparalleled adaptability, aligning with the dynamic tumor milieu. Their roles span from promoting tumor growth and angiogenesis to modulating metastasis. While substantial research has explored the fundamentals of TAMs, comprehending their adaptive behavior, and leveraging it for novel treatments remains challenging. This review delves into TAM polarization, metabolic shifts, and the complex orchestration of cytokines and chemokines determining their functions. We highlight the complexities of TAM-targeted research focusing on their adaptability and potential variability in therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, we discuss the synergy of integrating TAM-focused strategies with established cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Emphasis is laid on pioneering methods like TAM reprogramming for cancer immunotherapy and the adoption of single-cell technologies for precision intervention. This synthesis seeks to shed light on TAMs' multifaceted roles in cancer, pinpointing prospective pathways for transformative research and enhancing therapeutic modalities in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Shao
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Huilai Miao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liaobu Hospital of Dongguan City, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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5
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Kang JH, Zappasodi R. Modulating Treg stability to improve cancer immunotherapy. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:911-927. [PMID: 37598003 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) provide a main mechanism of tumor immune evasion. Targeting Tregs, especially in the tumor microenvironment (TME), continues to be investigated to improve cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies have unveiled intratumoral Treg heterogeneity and plasticity, furthering the complexity of the role of Tregs in tumor immunity and immunotherapy response. The phenotypic and functional diversity of intratumoral Tregs can impact their response to therapy and may offer new targets to modulate specific Treg subsets. In this review we provide a unifying framework of critical factors contributing to Treg heterogeneity and plasticity in the TME, and we discuss how this information can guide the development of more specific Treg-targeting therapies for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hye Kang
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberta Zappasodi
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Duan SL, Wu M, Zhang ZJ, Chang S. The potential role of reprogrammed glucose metabolism: an emerging actionable codependent target in thyroid cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:735. [PMID: 37853445 PMCID: PMC10585934 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing year by year, most patients, especially those with differentiated thyroid cancer, can usually be cured with surgery, radioactive iodine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression. However, treatment options for patients with poorly differentiated thyroid cancers or radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer have historically been limited. Altered energy metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer and a well-documented feature in thyroid cancer. In a hypoxic environment with extreme nutrient deficiencies resulting from uncontrolled growth, thyroid cancer cells utilize "metabolic reprogramming" to satisfy their energy demand and support malignant behaviors such as metastasis. This review summarizes past and recent advances in our understanding of the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in thyroid cancer cells, which we expect will yield new therapeutic approaches for patients with special pathological types of thyroid cancer by targeting reprogrammed glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Li Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Jia Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shi Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Clinical Research Center for Thyroid Disease in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Thyroid and Related Diseases Treatment Technology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Tanaka I, Koyama J, Itoigawa H, Hayai S, Morise M. Metabolic barriers in non-small cell lung cancer with LKB1 and/or KEAP1 mutations for immunotherapeutic strategies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1249237. [PMID: 37675220 PMCID: PMC10477992 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1249237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely considered the standard initial treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) when there are no targetable driver oncogenic alternations. NSCLC tumors that have two alterations in tumor suppressor genes, such as liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and/or Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), have been found to exhibit reduced responsiveness to these therapeutic strategies, as revealed by multiomics analyses identifying immunosuppressed phenotypes. Recent advancements in various biological approaches have gradually unveiled the molecular mechanisms underlying intrinsic reprogrammed metabolism in tumor cells, which contribute to the evasion of immune responses by the tumor. Notably, metabolic alterations in glycolysis and glutaminolysis have a significant impact on tumor aggressiveness and the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. Since glucose and glutamine are essential for the proliferation and activation of effector T cells, heightened consumption of these nutrients by tumor cells results in immunosuppression and resistance to ICI therapies. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the clinical efficacies of current therapeutic strategies against NSCLC harboring LKB1 and/or KEAP1 mutations, along with the metabolic alterations in glycolysis and glutaminolysis observed in these cancer cells. Furthermore, ongoing trials targeting these metabolic alterations are discussed as potential approaches to overcome the extremely poor prognosis associated with this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichidai Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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8
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Mani N, Andrews D, Obeng RC. Modulation of T cell function and survival by the tumor microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1191774. [PMID: 37274739 PMCID: PMC10232912 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1191774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is shifting paradigms in cancer care. T cells are an indispensable component of an effective antitumor immunity and durable clinical responses. However, the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which consists of a wide range of cells that exert positive and negative effects on T cell function and survival, makes achieving robust and durable T cell responses difficult. Additionally, tumor biology, structural and architectural features, intratumoral nutrients and soluble factors, and metabolism impact the quality of the T cell response. We discuss the factors and interactions that modulate T cell function and survive in the TME that affect the overall quality of the antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Mani
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dathan Andrews
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rebecca C. Obeng
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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9
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Gong L, Luo J, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Li S, Fang X, Zhang B, Huang J, Chow LKY, Chung D, Huang J, Huang C, Liu Q, Bai L, Tiu YC, Wu P, Wang Y, Tsao GSW, Kwong DLW, Lee AWM, Dai W, Guan XY. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells promote regulatory T cell development and suppressive activity via CD70-CD27 interaction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1912. [PMID: 37024479 PMCID: PMC10079957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the intense CD8+ T-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, anti-PD-1 immunotherapy shows an unsatisfactory response rate in clinical trials, hindered by immunosuppressive signals. To understand how microenvironmental characteristics alter immune homeostasis and limit immunotherapy efficacy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, here we establish a multi-center single-cell cohort based on public data, containing 357,206 cells from 50 patient samples. We reveal that nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells enhance development and suppressive activity of regulatory T cells via CD70-CD27 interaction. CD70 blocking reverts Treg-mediated suppression and thus reinvigorate CD8+ T-cell immunity. Anti-CD70+ anti-PD-1 therapy is evaluated in xenograft-derived organoids and humanized mice, exhibiting an improved tumor-killing efficacy. Mechanistically, CD70 knockout inhibits a collective lipid signaling network in CD4+ naïve and regulatory T cells involving mitochondrial integrity, cholesterol homeostasis, and fatty acid metabolism. Furthermore, ATAC-Seq delineates that CD70 is transcriptionally upregulated by NFKB2 via an Epstein-Barr virus-dependent epigenetic modification. Our findings identify CD70+ nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells as a metabolic switch that enforces the lipid-driven development, functional specialization and homeostasis of Tregs, leading to immune evasion. This study also demonstrates that CD70 blockade can act synergistically with anti-PD-1 treatment to reinvigorate T-cell immunity against nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqi Gong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuma Yang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaona Fang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baifeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Larry Ka-Yue Chow
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dittman Chung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinlin Huang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cuicui Huang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuen Chak Tiu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pingan Wu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - George Sai-Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anne Wing-Mui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China.
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10
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Huang XZ, Pang MJ, Li JY, Chen HY, Sun JX, Song YX, Ni HJ, Ye SY, Bai S, Li TH, Wang XY, Lu JY, Yang JJ, Sun X, Mills JC, Miao ZF, Wang ZN. Single-cell sequencing of ascites fluid illustrates heterogeneity and therapy-induced evolution during gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:822. [PMID: 36788228 PMCID: PMC9929081 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis is the leading cause of death for gastrointestinal cancers. The native and therapy-induced ascites ecosystems are not fully understood. Here, we characterize single-cell transcriptomes of 191,987 ascites cancer/immune cells from 35 patients with/without gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis (GCPM). During GCPM progression, an increase is seen of monocyte-like dendritic cells (DCs) that are pro-angiogenic with reduced antigen-presenting capacity and correlate with poor gastric cancer (GC) prognosis. We also describe the evolution of monocyte-like DCs and regulatory and proliferative T cells following therapy. Moreover, we track GC evolution, identifying high-plasticity GC clusters that exhibit a propensity to shift to a high-proliferative phenotype. Transitions occur via the recently described, autophagy-dependent plasticity program, paligenosis. Two autophagy-related genes (MARCKS and TXNIP) mark high-plasticity GC with poorer prognosis, and autophagy inhibitors induce apoptosis in patient-derived organoids. Our findings provide insights into the developmental trajectories of cancer/immune cells underlying GCPM progression and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Zhang Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N, Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Min-Jiao Pang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N, Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N, Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Han-Yu Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N, Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing-Xu Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N, Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yong-Xi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N, Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong-Jie Ni
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N, Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi-Yu Ye
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N, Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi Bai
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N, Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Teng-Hui Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N, Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N, Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Lu
- Eight-year system, Institute of innovation, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jin-Jia Yang
- Eight-year system, Institute of innovation, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 535E Anderson-Jones Building, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 535E Anderson-Jones Building, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 535E Anderson-Jones Building, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Zhi-Feng Miao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N, Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. .,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. .,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Zhen-Ning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 N, Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. .,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. .,Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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11
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Kim M, Lee NK, Wang CPJ, Lim J, Byun MJ, Kim TH, Park W, Park DH, Kim SN, Park CG. Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment with biotechnology. Biomater Res 2023; 27:5. [PMID: 36721212 PMCID: PMC9890796 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a unique environment that is developed by the tumor and controlled by tumor-induced interactions with host cells during tumor progression. The TME includes immune cells, which can be classified into two types: tumor- antagonizing and tumor-promoting immune cells. Increasing the tumor treatment responses is associated with the tumor immune microenvironment. Targeting the TME has become a popular topic in research, which includes polarizing macrophage phenotype 2 into macrophage phenotype 1 using Toll-like receptor agonists with cytokines, anti-CD47, and anti-SIPRα. Moreover, inhibiting regulatory T cells through blockades and depletion restricts immunosuppressive cells in the TME. Reprogramming T cell infiltration and T cell exhaustion improves tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, such as CD8+ or CD4+ T cells. Targeting metabolic pathways, including glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolisms, can suppress tumor growth by restricting the absorption of nutrients and adenosine triphosphate energy into tumor cells. In conclusion, these TME reprogramming strategies exhibit more effective responses using combination treatments, biomaterials, and nanoparticles. This review highlights how biomaterials and immunotherapy can reprogram TME and improve the immune activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kim
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Na Kyeong Lee
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Pin James Wang
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Lim
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Byun
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- grid.254224.70000 0001 0789 9563School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Park
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Park
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea ,grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Industrial Cosmetic Science, College of Bio-Health University System, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea ,grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Department of Synchrotron Radiation Science and Technology, College of Bio-Health University System, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea ,grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917LANG SCIENCE Inc., Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Na Kim
- Research and Development Center, MediArk Inc., Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea ,Research and Development Center, MediArk Inc., Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XBiomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea ,grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
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12
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The Tumor Microenvironment in Tumorigenesis and Therapy Resistance Revisited. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020376. [PMID: 36672326 PMCID: PMC9856874 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process involving cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions that allow tumor cell growth, drug resistance and metastasis. This review provides an updated summary of the role played by the tumor microenvironment (TME) components and hypoxia in tumorigenesis, and highlight various ways through which tumor cells reprogram normal cells into phenotypes that are pro-tumorigenic, including cancer associated- fibroblasts, -macrophages and -endothelial cells. Tumor cells secrete numerous factors leading to the transformation of a previously anti-tumorigenic environment into a pro-tumorigenic environment. Once formed, solid tumors continue to interact with various stromal cells, including local and infiltrating fibroblasts, macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, and secreted factors and the ECM within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is key to tumorigenesis, drug response and treatment outcome. Importantly, stromal cells and secreted factors can initially be anti-tumorigenic, but over time promote tumorigenesis and induce therapy resistance. To counter hypoxia, increased angiogenesis leads to the formation of new vascular networks in order to actively promote and sustain tumor growth via the supply of oxygen and nutrients, whilst removing metabolic waste. Angiogenic vascular network formation aid in tumor cell metastatic dissemination. Successful tumor treatment and novel drug development require the identification and therapeutic targeting of pro-tumorigenic components of the TME including cancer-associated- fibroblasts (CAFs) and -macrophages (CAMs), hypoxia, blocking ECM-receptor interactions, in addition to the targeting of tumor cells. The reprogramming of stromal cells and the immune response to be anti-tumorigenic is key to therapeutic success. Lastly, this review highlights potential TME- and hypoxia-centered therapies under investigation.
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13
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Mark J, Fisher DT, Kim M, Emmons T, Khan ANMN, Alqassim E, Singel K, Mistarz A, Lugade A, Zhan H, Yu H, Segal B, Lele S, Frederick P, Kozbor D, Skitzki J, Odunsi K. Carboplatin enhances lymphocyte-endothelial interactions to promote CD8 + T cell trafficking into the ovarian tumor microenvironment. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 168:92-99. [PMID: 36410228 PMCID: PMC11236086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Standard chemotherapy agents, including carboplatin, have known immunogenic properties. We sought to determine how carboplatin may influence lymphocyte trafficking to tumor sites. METHODS Murine models of ovarian cancer were utilized to examine lymphocyte trafficking with common clinically used agents including carboplatin, anti-PD-1 antibody, or anti-VEGFR-2 antibody. Adhesion interactions of lymphocytes with tumor vasculature were measured using intravital microscopy, lymphocyte homing with immunohistochemistry, and treatment groups followed for overall survival. RESULTS Carboplatin chemotherapy profoundly alters the tumor microenvironment to promote lymphocyte adhesive interactions with tumor vasculature and resultant improvement in lymphocyte trafficking. The measured results seen with carboplatin in the tumor microenvironment were superior to anti-PD-1 treatment or anti-VEGFR-2 which may have contributed to increased overall survival in carboplatin treated groups. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings suggest a role for chemotherapeutic agents to broadly influence anti-tumor immune responses beyond the induction of immunogenic tumor cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaron Mark
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Dan T Fisher
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States; Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Tiffany Emmons
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - A N M Nazmul Khan
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Emad Alqassim
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Kelly Singel
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Anna Mistarz
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Amit Lugade
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Haiying Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Brahm Segal
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Shashikant Lele
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Peter Frederick
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Danuta Kozbor
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
| | - Joseph Skitzki
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States; Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States.
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States; Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States; University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
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14
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Bulygin AS, Khantakova JN, Shkaruba NS, Shiku H, Sennikov SS. The role of metabolism on regulatory T cell development and its impact in tumor and transplantation immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1016670. [PMID: 36569866 PMCID: PMC9767971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory CD4+ T (Treg) cells play a key role in the induction of immune tolerance and in the prevention of autoimmune diseases. Treg cells are defined by the expression of transcription factor FOXP3, which ensures proliferation and induction of the suppressor activity of this cell population. In a tumor microenvironment, after transplantation or during autoimmune diseases, Treg cells can respond to various signals from their environment and this property ensures their suppressor function. Recent studies showed that a metabolic signaling pathway of Treg cells are essential in the control of Treg cell proliferation processes. This review presents the latest research highlights on how the influence of extracellular factors (e.g. nutrients, vitamins and metabolites) as well as intracellular metabolic signaling pathways regulate tissue specificity of Treg cells and heterogeneity of this cell population. Understanding the metabolic regulation of Treg cells should provide new insights into immune homeostasis and disorders along with important therapeutic implications for autoimmune diseases, cancer and other immune-system-mediated disorders.
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15
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Xu T, Liu Z, Huang L, Jing J, Liu X. Modulating the tumor immune microenvironment with nanoparticles: A sword for improving the efficiency of ovarian cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1057850. [PMID: 36532066 PMCID: PMC9751906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
With encouraging antitumor effects, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint blockade has developed into a mainstream cancer therapeutic modality. However, only a minority of ovarian cancer (OC) patients could benefit from immunotherapy. The main reason is that most OC harbor a suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Emerging studies suggest that M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), T regulatory cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are enriched in OC. Thus, reversing the suppressive TIME is considered an ideal candidate for improving the efficiency of immunotherapy. Nanoparticles encapsulating immunoregulatory agents can regulate immunocytes and improve the TIME to boost the antitumor immune response. In addition, some nanoparticle-mediated photodynamic and photothermal therapy can directly kill tumor cells and induce tumor immunogenic cell death to activate antigen-presenting cells and promote T cell infiltration. These advantages make nanoparticles promising candidates for modulating the TIME and improving OC immunotherapy. In this review, we analyzed the composition and function of the TIME in OC and summarized the current clinical progress of OC immunotherapy. Then, we expounded on the promising advances in nanomaterial-mediated immunotherapy for modulating the TIME in OC. Finally, we discussed the obstacles and challenges in the clinical translation of this novel combination treatment regimen. We believe this resourceful strategy will open the door to effective immunotherapy of OC and benefit numerous patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jing Jing
- *Correspondence: Xiaowei Liu, ; Jing Jing,
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16
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Prospect of ULK1 modulators in targeting regulatory T cells. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106141. [PMID: 36137312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an instrumental role in coordinating immune homeostasis via potent inhibitory effects. Defects in Treg cells lead to autoimmunity, but an overwhelming proportion of Treg cells encourages cancer progression. Hence, targeting Treg cells has emerged as a promising approach for mitigating disease severity. Recent studies have revealed that kinases are a critical component for tuning the fate of Treg cells, but the entire network of Treg-modulating kinases is still unclear. Here, we propose that the autophagy-activating UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) is a candidate for Treg cell modulation. While accumulating evidence has highlighted the role of autophagy-related kinases in Treg cells, the ULK1-Treg cell axis is yet to be examined. In this review, we predicted the potential role of ULK1 in Treg cell modulation. Furthermore, we summarized current ULK1 activators and inhibitors that can be investigated as Treg-targeting strategies, which might have beneficial outcomes in autoimmunity and cancer.
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17
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Huang Z, Chen H, Tan P, Huang M, Shi H, Sun B, Cheng Y, Li T, Mou Z, Li Q, Fu W. Sinapic acid inhibits pancreatic cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion via downregulation of the AKT/Gsk-3β signal pathway. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:721-734. [PMID: 34859906 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Among digestive system cancers, the extremely poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) is a pressing concern. Nonoperative treatments such as targeted and immunotherapy, have improved the current situation, however, the accompanying side effects of these chemicals should not be ignored. Here, we discovered a novel hydroxycinnamic acid named sinapic acid (SA) derived from fruits, vegetables, cereals, and oil crops as an effective anti-PC molecule. Both the in vitro and in vivo models we designed showed that SA exhibited anticancer activities but not apoptosis induction. Research on the underlying mechanisms illustrated that AKT phosphorylation was blocked by SA, and the downstream Gsk-3β was downregulated subsequently. Our study revealed the inhibitory activity and underlying mechanisms of SA, providing evidence that SA is a potential strategy for cancer research and can be a promising option of PC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Meizhou Huang
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonglang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tongxi Li
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Mou
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenguang Fu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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18
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Zhang Y, Chai N, Wei Z, Li Z, Zhang L, Zhang M, Ren J, Xu R, Pang X, Zhang B, Tang Q, Sui H. YYFZBJS inhibits colorectal tumorigenesis by enhancing Tregs-induced immunosuppression through HIF-1α mediated hypoxia in vivo and in vitro. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153917. [PMID: 35093671 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with a variety of factors. Accumulating evidence shows that peripheral differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is critical in controlling tumorigenesis. Our previous studies demonstrated that the Yi-Yi-Fu-Zi-Bai-Jiang-San (YYFZBJS) extract exerted potent anticancer activities by significantly enhancing immunosuppression in ApcMin/+ mice. However, there is limited knowledge on the effect of YYFZBJS in the prevention of colorectal cancer and the underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effect of oral administration of YYFZBJS in preventing azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced tumorigenesis. We found that YYFZBJS treatment decreased tumor load, tumor number, histology, and the severity of disease activity index (DAI) scores. To investigate if YYFZBJS inhibited tumorigenesis by regulating regulatory T cells, we depleted Tregs in AOM/DSS mice. We then analyzed the effect of intragastric administration of YYFZBJS on tumorigenesis and the regulation of tumor microenvironment. RESULTS As expected, intragastric administration of YYFZBJS in AOM/DSS mice model significantly increased immune responses in the tumor microenvironment through its hypoxia-associated anti-cancer activities. Additionally, YYFZBJS regulated the polarization of peripheral Treg (pTreg) to suppress CRC cell proliferation and infiltration. This was demonstrated by the decrease in tumor proliferation-related proteins including p-STAT3, p-NF-κB and MMPs in a dose-dependent manner. Clinically, the increase in the levels of Tregs in human tissues during CRC progression was associated with low expression of HIF-1α in the stroma, and correlated with CRC survival and prognosis. CONCLUSION Altogether, we demonstrated that HIF-1α may promote pTreg -induced carcinogenesis and progression of CRC cells, indicating that YYFZBJS is a promising protective agent against HIF-1α-mediated Treg activation in colorectal cancer. This study is the first to imply a novel clinical significance of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine from Synopsis of Golden Chamber in the cancer treatment and clarify the important role of tumor microenvironment in preventing tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Zhang
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201803, China
| | - Ni Chai
- Oncology department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated of Traditional Chinese and western medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wei
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zan Li
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201803, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201803, China
| | - Junze Ren
- Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Renjie Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, PLA Marine Corps Hospital, Guangdong 521011, China
| | - Xiufeng Pang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bimeng Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Qingfeng Tang
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201803, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201803, China.
| | - Hua Sui
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201803, China.
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19
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Yan B, Xiong J, Ye Q, Xue T, Xiang J, Xu M, Li F, Wen W. Correlation and prognostic implications of intratumor and tumor draining lymph node Foxp3 + T regulatory cells in colorectal cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:122. [PMID: 35296257 PMCID: PMC8925044 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of intratumor T regulatory cells (Tregs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) was previously reported, but the role of these cells in tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) was less addressed. METHODS A total of 150 CRC stages I-IV were retrospectively enrolled. Intratumor and TDLN Tregs were examined by immunohistochemical assay. The association of these cells was estimated by Pearson correlation. Survival analyses of subgroups were conducted by Kaplan-Meier curves, and the log-rank test and risk factors for survival were tested by the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS High accumulation of Tregs in tumors was significant in patients with younger age and good histological grade, where enrichment of these cells in TDLNs was more apparent in those with node-negative disease and early TNM stage disease, both of which were more common in early T stage cases. A significant correlation of intratumoral and TDLN Tregs was detected. Patients with higher intratumoral Tregs displayed significantly better PFS and OS than those with lower Tregs. However, no such differences were found, but a similar prognostic prediction trend was found for these cells in TDLNs. Finally, intratumoral Tregs were an independent prognostic factor for both PFS (HR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95-0.99, P < 0.01) and OS (HR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.95-1.00, P = 0.04) in the patients. CONCLUSIONS Higher intratumor Tregs were associated with better survival in CRC. Although no such role was found for these cells in TDLNs, the positive correlation and similar prognostic prediction trend with their intratumoral counterparts may indicate a parallelized function of these cells in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yan
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 80 of Jianglin Road, Haitang District of Sanya City, Hainan province, 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 80 of Jianglin Road, Haitang District of Sanya City, Hainan Province, 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianwen Ye
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 80 of Jianglin Road, Haitang District of Sanya City, Hainan province, 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhui Xue
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 80 of Jianglin Road, Haitang District of Sanya City, Hainan province, 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 80 of Jianglin Road, Haitang District of Sanya City, Hainan province, 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 80 of Jianglin Road, Haitang District of Sanya City, Hainan Province, 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Oncology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 80 of Jianglin Road, Haitang District of Sanya City, Hainan province, 572000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 80 of Jianglin Road, Haitang District of Sanya City, Hainan Province, 572000, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Zhu B, Cai Y, Zhu S, Zhao H, Ying X, Jiang C, Zeng J. Alteration in glycolytic/cholesterogenic gene expression is associated with bladder cancer prognosis and immune cell infiltration. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:2. [PMID: 34980012 PMCID: PMC8722165 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncogenic metabolic reprogramming contributes to tumor growth and immune evasion. The intertumoral metabolic heterogeneity and interaction of distinct metabolic pathways may determine patient outcomes. In this study, we aim to determine the clinical and immunological significance of metabolic subtypes according to the expression levels of genes related to glycolysis and cholesterol-synthesis in bladder cancer (BCa). Methods Based on the median expression levels of glycolytic and cholesterogenic genes, patients were stratified into 4 subtypes (mixed, cholesterogenic, glycolytic, and quiescent) in an integrated cohort including TCGA, GSE13507, and IMvigor210. Clinical, genomic, transcriptomic, and tumor microenvironment characteristics were compared between the 4 subtypes. Results The 4 metabolic subtypes exhibited distinct clinical, molecular, and genomic patterns. Compared to quiescent subtype, mixed subtype was more likely to be basal tumors and was significantly associated with poorer prognosis even after controlling for age, gender, histological grade, clinical stage, and molecular phenotypes. Additionally, mixed tumors harbored a higher frequency of RB1 and LRP1B copy number deletion compared to quiescent tumors (25.7% vs. 12.7 and 27.9% vs. 10.2%, respectively, both adjusted P value< 0.05). Furthermore, aberrant PIK3CA expression level was significantly correlated with those of glycolytic and cholesterogenic genes. The quiescent subtype was associated with lower stemness indices and lower signature scores for gene sets involved in genomic instability, including DNA replication, DNA damage repair, mismatch repair, and homologous recombination genes. Moreover, quiescent tumors exhibited lower expression levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases 1-3 (PDK1-3) than the other subtypes. In addition, distinct immune cell infiltration patterns were observed across the 4 metabolic subtypes, with greater infiltration of M0/M2 macrophages observed in glycolytic and mixed subtypes. However, no significant difference in immunotherapy response was observed across the 4 metabolic subtypes. Conclusion This study proposed a new metabolic subtyping method for BCa based on genes involved in glycolysis and cholesterol synthesis pathways. Our findings may provide novel insight for the development of personalized subtype-specific treatment strategies targeting metabolic vulnerabilities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-09064-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 510089, China
| | - Baoyi Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Sihua Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Xiaoling Ying
- Department of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 51000, China
| | - Chonghe Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Jianwen Zeng
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China.
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Li C, Chen X, Ren X, Chen JL, Chen H, Yu JJ, Ran QC, Kang S, Chen XM, Zhao ZJ. Identification of Hypoxia-Related Molecular Classification and Associated Gene Signature in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:709865. [PMID: 34888229 PMCID: PMC8649955 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.709865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The high heterogeneity of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the main obstacle for individualized treatment. Recognizing the characteristics of different subtypes and investigating the promising strategies for each subclass are of great significance in precise treatment. In this study, we systematically evaluated hypoxia-mediated patterns together with immune characteristics of 309 OSCC patients in the TCGA training set and 97 patients in the GSE41613 testing set. We further identified two different hypoxia subtypes with distinct immune microenvironment traits and provided treatment programs for the two subclasses. In order to assess hypoxia level individually, we finally constructed a hypoxia-related risk score, which could predict the clinical outcome and immunotherapy response of OSCC patients. In summary, the recognition of different hypoxia patterns and the establishment of hypoxia-related risk score might enhance our understanding of the tumor microenvironment of OSCC and provide more personalized treatment strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Clinic of Stomatological Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shenyang Red Cross Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Lin Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Clinic of Stomatological Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Clinic of Stomatological Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Jia Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Clinic of Stomatological Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiu-Chi Ran
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Clinic of Stomatological Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Kang
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Clinic of Stomatological Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi-Meng Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Clinic of Stomatological Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen-Jin Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Clinic of Stomatological Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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