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Lindtner RA, Wurm A, Pirchner E, Putzer D, Arora R, Coraça-Huber DC, Schirmer M, Badzoka J, Kappacher C, Huck CW, Pallua JD. Enhancing Bone Infection Diagnosis with Raman Handheld Spectroscopy: Pathogen Discrimination and Diagnostic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:541. [PMID: 38203710 PMCID: PMC10778662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a bone disease caused by bacteria that can damage bone. Raman handheld spectroscopy has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool for detecting bone infection and can be used intraoperatively during surgical procedures. This study involved 120 bone samples from 40 patients, with 80 samples infected with either Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis. Raman handheld spectroscopy demonstrated successful differentiation between healthy and infected bone samples and between the two types of bacterial pathogens. Raman handheld spectroscopy appears to be a promising diagnostic tool in bone infection and holds the potential to overcome many of the shortcomings of traditional diagnostic procedures. Further research, however, is required to confirm its diagnostic capabilities and consider other factors, such as the limit of pathogen detection and optimal calibration standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Andreas Lindtner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.A.L.); (A.W.); (E.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (D.C.C.-H.)
| | - Alexander Wurm
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.A.L.); (A.W.); (E.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (D.C.C.-H.)
- Praxis Dr. Med. Univ. Alexander Wurm FA für Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Koflerweg 7, 6275 Stumm, Austria
| | - Elena Pirchner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.A.L.); (A.W.); (E.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (D.C.C.-H.)
| | - David Putzer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.A.L.); (A.W.); (E.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (D.C.C.-H.)
| | - Rohit Arora
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.A.L.); (A.W.); (E.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (D.C.C.-H.)
| | - Débora Cristina Coraça-Huber
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.A.L.); (A.W.); (E.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (D.C.C.-H.)
| | - Michael Schirmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Jovan Badzoka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.B.); (C.K.); (C.W.H.)
| | - Christoph Kappacher
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.B.); (C.K.); (C.W.H.)
| | - Christian Wolfgang Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.B.); (C.K.); (C.W.H.)
| | - Johannes Dominikus Pallua
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.A.L.); (A.W.); (E.P.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (D.C.C.-H.)
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Lindtner R, Wurm A, Kugel K, Kühn J, Putzer D, Arora R, Coraça-Huber DC, Zelger P, Schirmer M, Badzoka J, Kappacher C, Huck CW, Pallua JD. Comparison of Mid-Infrared Handheld and Benchtop Spectrometers to Detect Staphylococcus epidermidis in Bone Grafts. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1018. [PMID: 37760120 PMCID: PMC10525239 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone analyses using mid-infrared spectroscopy are gaining popularity, especially with handheld spectrometers that enable on-site testing as long as the data quality meets standards. In order to diagnose Staphylococcus epidermidis in human bone grafts, this study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of the Agilent 4300 Handheld Fourier-transform infrared with the Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100 attenuated-total-reflectance infrared spectroscopy benchtop instrument. The study analyzed 40 non-infected and 10 infected human bone samples with Staphylococcus epidermidis, collecting reflectance data between 650 cm-1 and 4000 cm-1, with a spectral resolution of 2 cm-1 (Agilent 4300 Handheld) and 0.5 cm-1 (Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100). The acquired spectral information was used for spectral and unsupervised classification, such as a principal component analysis. Both methods yielded significant results when using the recommended settings and data analysis strategies, detecting a loss in bone quality due to the infection. MIR spectroscopy provides a valuable diagnostic tool when there is a tissue shortage and time is of the essence. However, it is essential to conduct further research with larger sample sizes to verify its pros and cons thoroughly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lindtner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.L.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (D.C.C.-H.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Alexander Wurm
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.L.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (D.C.C.-H.); (J.D.P.)
- Praxis Dr. Med. Univ. Alexander Wurm FA für Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Koflerweg 7, 6275 Stumm, Austria
| | - Katrin Kugel
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.L.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (D.C.C.-H.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Julia Kühn
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.L.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (D.C.C.-H.); (J.D.P.)
| | - David Putzer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.L.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (D.C.C.-H.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Rohit Arora
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.L.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (D.C.C.-H.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Débora Cristina Coraça-Huber
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.L.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (D.C.C.-H.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Philipp Zelger
- University Clinic for Hearing, Voice and Speech Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Michael Schirmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Jovan Badzoka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.B.); (C.K.); (C.W.H.)
| | - Christoph Kappacher
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.B.); (C.K.); (C.W.H.)
| | - Christian Wolfgang Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.B.); (C.K.); (C.W.H.)
| | - Johannes Dominikus Pallua
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.L.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (D.P.); (R.A.); (D.C.C.-H.); (J.D.P.)
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Wurm A, Kühn J, Kugel K, Putzer D, Arora R, Coraça-Huber DC, Zelger P, Badzoka J, Kappacher C, Huck CW, Pallua JD. Raman microscopic spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool to detect Staphylococcus epidermidis in bone grafts. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 280:121570. [PMID: 35779474 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Raman microscopic spectroscopyis a new approach for further characterization and detection of molecular features in many pathological processes. This technique has been successfully applied to scrutinize the spatial distribution of small molecules and proteins within biological systems by in situ analysis. This study uses Raman microscopic spectroscopyto identify any in-depth benefits and drawbacks in diagnosing Staphylococcus epidermidis in human bone grafts. MATERIAL AND METHODS 40 non-infected human bone samples and 10 human bone samples infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis were analyzed using Raman microscopic spectroscopy. Reflectance data were collected between 200 cm-1 and 3600 cm-1 with a spectral resolution of 4 cm-1 using a Senterra II microscope (Bruker, Ettlingen, Germany). The acquired spectral information was used for spectral and unsupervised classification, such as principal component analysis. RESULTS Raman measurements produced distinct diagnostic spectra that were used to distinguish between non-infected human bone samples and Staphylococcus epidermidis infected human bone samples by spectral and principal component analyses. A substantial loss in bone quality and protein conformation was detected by human bone samples co-cultured with Staphylococcus epidermidis. The mineral-to-matrix ratio using the phosphate/Amide I ratio (p = 0.030) and carbonate/phosphate ratio (p = 0.001) indicates that the loss of relative mineral content in bones upon bacterial infection is higher than in non-infected human bones. Also, an increase of alterations in the collagen network (p = 0.048) and a decrease in the structural organization and relative collagen in infected human bone could be detected. Subsequent principal component analyses identified Staphylococcus epidermidis in different spectral regions, respectively, originating mainly from CH2 deformation (wagging) of protein (at 1450 cm-1) and bending and stretching modes of C-H groups (∼2800-3000 cm-1). CONCLUSION Raman microscopic spectroscopyis presented as a promising diagnostic tool to detect Staphylococcus epidermidis in human bone grafts. Further studies in human tissues are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wurm
- University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Kühn
- University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Kugel
- University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Putzer
- University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Arora
- University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D C Coraça-Huber
- University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Zelger
- University Clinic for Hearing, Voice and Speech Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Badzoka
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C Kappacher
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C W Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J D Pallua
- University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Gil CJ, Li L, Hwang B, Cadena M, Theus AS, Finamore TA, Bauser-Heaton H, Mahmoudi M, Roeder RK, Serpooshan V. Tissue engineered drug delivery vehicles: Methods to monitor and regulate the release behavior. J Control Release 2022; 349:143-155. [PMID: 35508223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a rapidly evolving, multidisciplinary field that aims at generating or regenerating 3D functional tissues for in vitro disease modeling and drug screening applications or for in vivo therapies. A variety of advanced biological and engineering methods are increasingly being used to further enhance and customize the functionality of tissue engineered scaffolds. To this end, tunable drug delivery and release mechanisms are incorporated into tissue engineering modalities to promote different therapeutic processes, thus, addressing challenges faced in the clinical applications. In this review, we elaborate the mechanisms and recent developments in different drug delivery vehicles, including the quantum dots, nano/micro particles, and molecular agents. Different loading strategies to incorporate the therapeutic reagents into the scaffolding structures are explored. Further, we discuss the main mechanisms to tune and monitor/quantify the release kinetics of embedded drugs from engineered scaffolds. We also survey the current trend of drug delivery using stimuli driven biopolymer scaffolds to enable precise spatiotemporal control of the release behavior. Recent advancements, challenges facing current scaffold-based drug delivery approaches, and areas of future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen J Gil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lan Li
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Boeun Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Melissa Cadena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrea S Theus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tyler A Finamore
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Holly Bauser-Heaton
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Sibley Heart Center at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48864, USA
| | - Ryan K Roeder
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Zhao X, Zhou Y, Li J, Zhang C, Wang J. Opportunities and challenges of hydrogel microspheres for tendon-bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:289-301. [PMID: 34418286 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Poor angiogenesis and bony ingrowth are the major factors causing unsatisfactory healing between the tendon graft and the bone tunnel surface. Exogenous biological factors, biomaterials, and cells have been considered as new strategies to promote healing quality in recent years. However, it remains challenging for their clinical use because of insufficient in-situ retention time and release efficiency. Increasing attention has been paid to the hydrogel microspheres (HMPs) as potential drug-loading deliveries in biomedicine due to their minimally invasive manner, extended drug retention time, and high loading efficiency. In this review, the healing mechanism between the tendon graft and the bone tunnel is introduced, which is followed by a brief summarization of current methods applied for enhancement of the healing quality. Then, the preclinical studies focusing on HMPs as novel drug carriers are summarized to address the aforementioned concerns in the treatment of tendon-bone healing. Of note, the challenges and perspectives of HMPs in clinical conversion are also outlooked. Collectively, this review may inspire researchers and clinicians to develop clinical available HMPs in orthopedics such as sports medicine from both material and biomedical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibang Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianting Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Chander S, Kulkarni GT, Dhiman N, Kharkwal H. Protein-Based Nanohydrogels for Bioactive Delivery. Front Chem 2021; 9:573748. [PMID: 34307293 PMCID: PMC8299995 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.573748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels possess a unique three-dimensional, cross-linked network of polymers capable of absorbing large amounts of water and biological fluids without dissolving. Nanohydrogels (NGs) or nanogels are composed of diverse types of polymers of synthetic or natural origin. Their combination is bound by a chemical covalent bond or is physically cross-linked with non-covalent bonds like electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen bonding. Its remarkable ability to absorb water or other fluids is mainly attributed to hydrophilic groups like hydroxyl, amide, and sulphate, etc. Natural biomolecules such as protein- or peptide-based nanohydrogels are an important category of hydrogels which possess high biocompatibility and metabolic degradability. The preparation of protein nanohydrogels and the subsequent encapsulation process generally involve use of environment friendly solvents and can be fabricated using different proteins, such as fibroins, albumin, collagen, elastin, gelatin, and lipoprotein, etc. involving emulsion, electrospray, and desolvation methods to name a few. Nanohydrogels are excellent biomaterials with broad applications in the areas of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and drug delivery due to certain advantages like biodegradability, biocompatibility, tunable mechanical strength, molecular binding abilities, and customizable responses to certain stimuli like ionic concentration, pH, and temperature. The present review aims to provide an insightful analysis of protein/peptide nanohydrogels including their preparation, biophysiochemical aspects, and applications in diverse disciplines like in drug delivery, immunotherapy, intracellular delivery, nutraceutical delivery, cell adhesion, and wound dressing. Naturally occurring structural proteins that are being explored in protein nanohydrogels, along with their unique properties, are also discussed briefly. Further, the review also covers the advantages, limitations, overview of clinical potential, toxicity aspects, stability issues, and future perspectives of protein nanohydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chander
- Amity Institute of Phytochemistry and Phytomedicine, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Giriraj T. Kulkarni
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
- Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Harsha Kharkwal
- Amity Institute of Phytochemistry and Phytomedicine, Amity University, Noida, India
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Wurm A, Dammerer D, Liebensteiner MC, Nogler M, Ammann C, CoraÇa-Huber DÉ. Variation of BMP2 Concentration and Its Activity in Bone Grafts Obtained from Patients Undergoing Hip Replacement Surgery. In Vivo 2021; 35:713-719. [PMID: 33622864 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is a member of a subgroup of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and triggers various signaling events which in turn stimulate chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling leading to fracture healing. In this study, we quantified the concentration of BMP2 in fresh human bone grafts obtained from 40 patients undergoing hip replacement surgery. Besides the concentration, the activity of the detected BMP2 was also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the concentration of BMP2 in fresh human bone grafts obtained from 40 patients undergoing hip replacement surgery was quantified. Human BMP2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and bicinchoninic acid quantification was used to determine the total concentration of protein present in each sample. To determine the activity of the BMP2 found in each bone sample, alkaline phosphatase activity was measured by colorimetric assay. RESULTS The amount of BMP2 seemed to vary slightly between the patients. Taking into consideration the patient's gender, we observed that male patients presented slightly more BMP2 in comparison with females. When analyzing the activity of BMP2, we observed that in female patients, the activity was slightly higher in comparison to males. This variation may be caused by a number of factors, including but not limited to gender, age, osteoporosis and previous diseases. This information shows that the osteogenic potential of different bone graft samples is not consistent. CONCLUSION The activity of BMP2 in femur heads obtained from patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery showed significant variation according to gender and age. The measurement of bone proteins activity might be promising as a qualitative method in bone banks and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wurm
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Dammerer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;
| | | | - Michael Nogler
- Department of Experimental Orthopaedics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Ammann
- Department of Experimental Orthopaedics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - DÉbora CoraÇa-Huber
- Department of Experimental Orthopaedics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Zheng Y, Pokorski JK. Hot melt extrusion: An emerging manufacturing method for slow and sustained protein delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1712. [PMID: 33691347 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the biopharmaceutical industry, an increasing number of new therapeutic protein products (TPPs) have been approved by the FDA and many others are under pre-clinical and clinical evaluation. A major limitation of biopharmaceuticals is their limited half-life when administered systemically. A one-time, implantable, sustained protein delivery device would be advantageous in order to improve the quality of life of patients. Hot melt extrusion (HME) is a mature technology that has been extensively used for a broad spectrum of applications in the polymer and pharmaceutical industry and has achieved success as evidenced by a variety of FDA-approved commercial products. These commercial products are mostly for sustained delivery of small molecule therapeutics, leaving a significant gap for HME formulation of therapeutic proteins. With the increasing need of sustained TPP delivery, HME shows promise as a downstream processing method due to its high efficiency and economic value. Several challenges remain for the application of HME in protein delivery. Progress of HME for protein delivery, challenges encountered, and potential solutions will be detailed in this review article. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of NanoEngineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Putzer D, Ammann CG, Coraça-Huber D, Lechner R, Schmölz W, Nogler M. The Influence of Liquids on the Mechanical Properties of Allografts in Bone Impaction Grafting. Biopreserv Biobank 2017; 15:410-416. [PMID: 28686464 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2017.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Allografts are used to compensate for bone defects resulting from revision surgery, tumor surgery, and reconstructive bone surgery. Although it is well known that the reduction of fat content of allografts increases mechanical properties, the content of liquids with a known grain size distribution has not been assessed so far. The aim of the study was to compare the mechanical properties of dried allografts (DA) with allografts mixed with a saline solution (ASS) and with allografts mixed with blood (AB) having a similar grain size distribution. Fresh-frozen morselized bone chips were cleaned chemically, sieved, and reassembled in specific portions with a known grain size distribution. A uniaxial compression was used to assess the yield limit, initial density, density at yield limit, and flowability of the three groups before and after compaction with a fall hammer apparatus. No statistically significant difference could be found for the yield limit between DA and ASS (p = 0.339) and between ASS and AB (p = 0.554). DA showed a statistically significant higher yield limit than AB (p = 0.022). Excluding the effect of the grain size distribution on the mechanical properties, it was shown that allografts have a lower yield limit when lipids are present. The liquid content of allografts seems to play an inferior role as no statistically significant difference could be found between DA and ASS. It is suggested, in accordance with other studies, to chemically clean allografts before implantation to reduce the contamination risk and the fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Putzer
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Gert Ammann
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Débora Coraça-Huber
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ricarda Lechner
- 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Schmölz
- 3 Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Nogler
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck, Austria
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Abstract
Hydrogel delivery systems can leverage therapeutically beneficial outcomes of drug delivery and have found clinical use. Hydrogels can provide spatial and temporal control over the release of various therapeutic agents, including small-molecule drugs, macromolecular drugs and cells. Owing to their tunable physical properties, controllable degradability and capability to protect labile drugs from degradation, hydrogels serve as a platform in which various physiochemical interactions with the encapsulated drugs control their release. In this Review, we cover multiscale mechanisms underlying the design of hydrogel drug delivery systems, focusing on physical and chemical properties of the hydrogel network and the hydrogel-drug interactions across the network, mesh, and molecular (or atomistic) scales. We discuss how different mechanisms interact and can be integrated to exert fine control in time and space over the drug presentation. We also collect experimental release data from the literature, review clinical translation to date of these systems, and present quantitative comparisons between different systems to provide guidelines for the rational design of hydrogel delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Li
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and the Wyss Institute for biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and the Wyss Institute for biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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