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Chen M, Guo W, Gao S, Hao C, Shen S, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Wang Z, Li X, Jing X, Zhang X, Yuan Z, Wang M, Zhang Y, Peng J, Wang A, Wang Y, Sui X, Liu S, Guo Q. Biochemical Stimulus-Based Strategies for Meniscus Tissue Engineering and Regeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8472309. [PMID: 29581987 PMCID: PMC5822894 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8472309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Meniscus injuries are very common and still pose a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. Meniscus injuries in the inner two-thirds of the meniscus remain incurable. Tissue-engineered meniscus strategies seem to offer a new approach for treating meniscus injuries with a combination of seed cells, scaffolds, and biochemical or biomechanical stimulation. Cell- or scaffold-based strategies play a pivotal role in meniscus regeneration. Similarly, biochemical and biomechanical stimulation are also important. Seed cells and scaffolds can be used to construct a tissue-engineered tissue; however, stimulation to enhance tissue maturation and remodeling is still needed. Such stimulation can be biomechanical or biochemical, but this review focuses only on biochemical stimulation. Growth factors (GFs) are one of the most important forms of biochemical stimulation. Frequently used GFs always play a critical role in normal limb development and growth. Further understanding of the functional mechanism of GFs will help scientists to design the best therapy strategies. In this review, we summarize some of the most important GFs in tissue-engineered menisci, as well as other types of biological stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Chen
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Weimin Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shunag Gao
- Center for Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chunxiang Hao
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shi Shen
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zengzeng Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, No. 348 Dexiang Road, Xiangyang District, Jiamusi 154002, China
| | - Zhenyong Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, No. 348 Dexiang Road, Xiangyang District, Jiamusi 154002, China
| | - Zehao Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoguang Jing
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, No. 348 Dexiang Road, Xiangyang District, Jiamusi 154002, China
| | - Xueliang Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
- Shanxi Traditional Chinese Hospital, No. 46 Binzhou West Street, Yingze District, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Aiyuan Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiang Sui
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
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Rey-Rico A, Klich A, Cucchiarini M, Madry H. Biomedical-grade, high mannuronic acid content (BioMVM) alginate enhances the proteoglycan production of primary human meniscal fibrochondrocytes in a 3-D microenvironment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28170. [PMID: 27302206 PMCID: PMC4908386 DOI: 10.1038/srep28170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginates are important hydrogels for meniscus tissue engineering as they support the meniscal fibrochondrocyte phenotype and proteoglycan production, the extracellular matrix (ECM) component chiefly responsible for its viscoelastic properties. Here, we systematically evaluated four biomedical- and two nonbiomedical-grade alginates for their capacity to provide the best three-dimensional (3-D) microenvironment and to support proteoglycan synthesis of encapsulated human meniscal fibrochondrocytes in vitro. Biomedical-grade, high mannuronic acid alginate spheres (BioLVM, BioMVM) were the most uniform in size, indicating an effect of the purity of alginate on the shape of the spheres. Interestingly, the purity of alginates did not affect cell viability. Of note, only fibrochondrocytes encapsulated in BioMVM alginate produced and retained significant amounts of proteoglycans. Following transplantation in an explant culture model, the alginate spheres containing fibrochondrocytes remained in close proximity with the meniscal tissue adjacent to the defect. The results reveal a promising role of BioMVM alginate to enhance the proteoglycan production of primary human meniscal fibrochondrocytes in a 3-D hydrogel microenvironment. These findings have significant implications for cell-based translational studies aiming at restoring lost meniscal tissue in regions containing high amounts of proteoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rey-Rico
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Angelique Klich
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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Cucchiarini M, Schmidt K, Frisch J, Kohn D, Madry H. Overexpression of TGF-β via rAAV-Mediated Gene Transfer Promotes the Healing of Human Meniscal Lesions Ex Vivo on Explanted Menisci. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43:1197-205. [PMID: 25646364 DOI: 10.1177/0363546514567063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct application of therapeutic gene vectors derived from the adeno-associated virus (AAV) might be beneficial to improve the healing of meniscal tears. PURPOSE To test the ability of recombinant AAV (rAAV) to overexpress the potent transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in primary cultures of human meniscal fibrochondrocytes, in human meniscal explants, and in experimental human meniscal lesions as a new tool to enhance meniscal repair. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS The effects of the candidate treatment on the proliferative and metabolic activities of meniscal cells were monitored in vitro for up to 21 days and in situ in intact and injured human menisci for up to 15 days using biochemical, immunohistochemical, histological, and histomorphometric analyses. RESULTS Efficient production of TGF-β via rAAV was achieved in vitro and in situ, both in the intact and injured meniscus. Application of the rAAV TGF-β vector stimulated the levels of cell proliferation and matrix synthesis (type I collagen) compared with control gene transfer in all systems tested, especially in situ in regions of poor healing capacity and in sites of meniscal injury. No adverse effects of the candidate treatment were observed at the level of osseous differentiation, as tested by immunodetection of type X collagen. Most remarkably, a significant reduction of the amplitude of meniscal tears was noted after TGF-β treatment, an effect that was associated with increased expression levels of the α-smooth muscle actin contractile marker. CONCLUSION Overexpression of TGF-β via rAAV gene transfer is capable of modulating the reparative activities of human meniscal cells, allowing for the healing of meniscal lesions by convenient injection in sites of injury. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Direct gene-based approaches using rAAV have strong potential to develop new therapeutic options that aim at treating human meniscal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Janina Frisch
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Dieter Kohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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