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Tiong GJL, Naing L, Ng E, Dion E, Monteiro A. Tympanal ears mediate male-male competition, courtship and mating success in Bicyclus anynana butterflies. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231386. [PMID: 38545613 PMCID: PMC10966401 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The presence of intra-specific acoustic communication in diurnal butterflies is not well established. Here, we examined the function of the tympanal ear (Vogel's organ, VO) in the seasonally polyphenic butterfly Bicyclus anynana in the context of sexual signalling. We investigated how the VO and the flanking enlarged veins, which are suggested sound resonance chambers, scale with wing size across sexes and seasonal forms, and how disruptions to the VO alter courtship behaviour and mating outcomes. We found that males have VOs similar in size to females despite having smaller wings, and dry season (DS) male cubital and anal veins do not scale with the wing size. This suggests that the VO plays an important role in males and that cubital and anal veins in DS males may be tuned to amplify specific sound frequencies. Behavioural assays performed with deafened and hearing males of different seasonal forms, in pair and triad settings, showed that deafened DS males, but not wet season males, experienced lower mating success relative to their hearing counterparts. Our study documents a novel function for the wing tympanal membrane in mediating courtship and mating outcomes in diurnal butterflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galen J. L. Tiong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lin Naing
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Edwin Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Emilie Dion
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Antónia Monteiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore117543, Republic of Singapore
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2
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Popović M, Golubović A, Nowicki P. Intersexual Differences in Behaviour and Resource Use of Specialist Phengaris teleius Butterflies. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030262. [PMID: 35323560 PMCID: PMC8951063 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we compared intersexual differences in behaviour and resource use of well-known Scarce Large Blue butterflies. The results indicated that females take short, but exceptionally regular flights, exploring available resources for oviposition. Males took longer, less regular flights, characterised by frequent interactions in search for receptive females. Interestingly, interactions between conspecific butterflies of the investigated species lasted significantly longer than with other species, especially when different sexes were involved. This suggests that individuals were able to quickly and efficiently recognise potential mating partners. Finally, the focal species showed strong association with its larval host plant while resting and nectaring, and less so with other plants with similarly coloured and shaped flowers. Females were particularly strongly restricted to the larval host plant, which provides some evidence that their sensory system shows neural limitation towards this valuable resource. Abstract Although the behaviour of the Large Blue butterflies of the genus Phengaris (= Maculinea) is relatively well studied, most empirical data come from investigations of their dispersal and oviposition. Here, we assessed overall intersexual differences in resource use by tracking Phengaris teleius (Bergsträsser, 1779) individuals and recording the duration of their behaviours. Females were characterised by frequent, short flights, and devoted more time to resting and oviposition. Males engaged in numerous, but usually short interactions, and spent most of the time in flight exploring their surroundings for receptive females. Their average flight time was significantly longer compared to females. Average feeding time did not differ between the sexes but was shorter when butterflies were feeding on Sanguisorba officinalis L. Intraspecific interactions within P. teleius were three times longer than those with other insect species, and interactions between sexes were particularly long lasting. Significantly shorter interspecific interactions imply that butterflies can easily recognise conspecifics and differentiate between sexes, which offers obvious fitness benefits. Both sexes, but especially females, showed strong association with their larval host plant, and less so with other flowers of similar colour and shape. Females predominantly used their host plant for feeding, which possibly indicates neuro-sensory constraints towards this resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Popović
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Golubović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Piotr Nowicki
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
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3
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Cargnelutti F, Calbacho-Rosa L, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Peretti AV. Successive matings affect copulatory courtship but not sperm transfer in a spider model. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that males augment their reproductive success by increasing the number of females with which they copulate, and that such copulations are not energetically demanding in terms of trivial sperm production costs. However, we now know that males do pay reproductive costs. As males mate successively, a reduction in the performance of copulatory behaviours would be expected, as well as in the number of sperm transferred. Here we compared the duration of courtship, mating and post-insemination phase, the number of genital and non-genital copulatory courtship occurrences, and the number of sperm transferred in successive matings in Holocnemus pluchei spider males. As matings increased in males, there was no effect on the duration of courtship, mating or post-insemination phase. Interestingly, genital copulatory courtship varied in successive copulations depending on male size, but there was no change in the number of sperm transferred. In addition, the occurrence of non-genital copulatory courtship decreased along successive copulations. The negative effects of successive matings on copulatory courtship indicate that these behaviours are costly for males, except for the number of sperm transferred. Our research lays the foundation for future studies on male costs as a function of mating history in spiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cargnelutti
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y Evolución, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucia Calbacho-Rosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y Evolución, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfredo Vicente Peretti
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y Evolución, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Córdoba, Argentina
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4
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Singh K, Kochar E, Gahlot P, Bhatt K, Prasad NG. Evolution of reproductive traits have no apparent life-history associated cost in populations of Drosophila melanogaster selected for cold shock resistance. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:219. [PMID: 34872492 PMCID: PMC8650462 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In insect species like Drosophila melanogaster, evolution of increased resistance or evolution of particular traits under specific environmental conditions can lead to energy trade-offs with other crucial life-history traits. Adaptation to cold stress can, in principle, involve modification of reproductive traits and physiological responses. Reproductive traits carry a substantial cost; and therefore, the evolution of reproductive traits in response to cold stress could potentially lead to trade-offs with other life-history traits. We have successfully selected replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster for increased resistance to cold shock for over 33 generations. In these populations, the ability to recover from cold shock, mate, and lay fertile eggs 24 h post cold shock is under selection. These populations have evolved a suite of reproductive traits including increased egg viability, male mating ability, and siring ability post cold shock. These populations also show elevated mating rate both with and without cold shock. In the present study, we quantified a suite of life-history related traits in these populations to assess if evolution of cold shock resistance in these populations comes at a cost of other life-history traits. Results To assess life-history cost, we measured egg viability, mating frequency, longevity, lifetime fecundity, adult mortality, larva to adult development time, larvae to adults survival, and body weight in the cold shock selected populations and their controls under two treatments (a) post cold chock and (b) without cold shock. Twenty-four hours post cold shock, the selected population had significantly higher egg viability and mating frequency compared to control populations indicating that they have higher cold shock resistance. Selected populations had significantly longer pre-adult development time compared to their control populations. Females from the selected populations had higher body weight compared to their control populations. However, we did not find any significant difference between the selected and control populations in longevity, lifetime fecundity, adult mortality, larvae to adults survival, and male body weight under the cold chock or no cold shock treatments. Conclusions These findings suggest that cold shock selected populations have evolved higher mating frequency and egg viability. However, there is no apparent life-history associated cost with the evolution of egg viability and reproductive performances under the cold stress condition. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01934-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Singh
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 650 Medical Science Building, 550 First Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Ekta Kochar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Prakhar Gahlot
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Karan Bhatt
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Nagaraj Guru Prasad
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
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5
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Macartney EL, Bonduriansky R. Does female resistance to mating select for live-fast-die-young strategies in males? A comparative analysis in the genus Drosophila. J Evol Biol 2021; 35:192-200. [PMID: 34547153 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Female promiscuity is a pervasive selective force on male reproductive traits, and the strength of sexual selection is predicted to influence the trade-off between lifespan and reproduction. In species where sexual selection is intense, males are predicted to invest in sexual strategies that shorten their lifespan, potentially resulting in female-biased sexual dimorphism in longevity. However, comparative analyses have provided contrasting results, potentially due to the use of broad mating system categories or sexual size dimorphism as a proxy for sexual selection. Here, we used female remating rate (i.e. female promiscuity) as a more direct measure of sexual selection strength and conducted a phylogenetic comparative analysis of the relationship between female remating rate and sexual dimorphism in lifespan in 29 species of Drosophila. We did not find strong evidence that female remating rate was correlated with sexual dimorphism in lifespan. However, we found that male and female lifespans are positively correlated among species and that phylogeny and residual variance (i.e. variation in non-phylogenetic factors) are important in determining female remating rate, male and female lifespans separately, and the correlation between male and female lifespan. We suggest that variation in the nature of sexual competition and variation between studies could account for some of the unexplained variation among species in the relation between female remating rate and sexual dimorphism in lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Macartney
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell Bonduriansky
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Cargnelutti F, Reyes Ramírez A, Cristancho S, Sandoval‐García IA, Rocha‐Ortega M, Calbacho‐Rosa L, Palacino F, Córdoba‐Aguilar A. Condition-dependent male copulatory courtship and its benefits for females. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:9848-9855. [PMID: 34306667 PMCID: PMC8293791 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Postcopulatory sexual selection has shaped the ornaments used during copulatory courtship. However, we know relatively little about whether these courtship ornaments are costly to produce or whether they provide indirect benefits to females. We used the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, to explore this. We challenged males using an entomopathogenic fungus and compared their courtship (frequency of leg and antennal contacts to the female), copulation duration, number of eggs laid, and hatching rate against control males. Infected males copulated for longer yet they reduced their leg and antennal contacts compared to control males. However, there was no obvious relation between infection, copulation duration, and courtship with egg production and hatching success. In general, our results indicate that the ornaments used during postcopulatory courtship are condition-dependent. Moreover, such condition dependence cannot be linked to male fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cargnelutti
- Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y EcologíaFacultad de Ciencias ExactasFísicas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
- Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y EvoluciónConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA)CórdobaArgentina
| | - Alicia Reyes Ramírez
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCoyoacánMéxico
| | - Shara Cristancho
- Grupo de Investigación en Odonatos de Colombia (GINOCO)Grupo de Investigación en Biología (GRIB)Centro de Investigación en AcarologíaDepartamento de BiologíaUniversidad El BosqueBogotáColombia
| | - Iván A. Sandoval‐García
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCoyoacánMéxico
| | - Maya Rocha‐Ortega
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCoyoacánMéxico
| | - Lucía Calbacho‐Rosa
- Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y EcologíaFacultad de Ciencias ExactasFísicas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
- Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y EvoluciónConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA)CórdobaArgentina
| | - Freddy Palacino
- Grupo de Investigación en Odonatos de Colombia (GINOCO)Grupo de Investigación en Biología (GRIB)Centro de Investigación en AcarologíaDepartamento de BiologíaUniversidad El BosqueBogotáColombia
| | - Alex Córdoba‐Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCoyoacánMéxico
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7
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Shandilya A, Singh P, Mishra G, Omkar O. Cost of mating in male
Menochilus sexmaculatus
(Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Ethology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Shandilya
- Ladybird Research Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Lucknow Lucknow India
| | - Priya Singh
- Ladybird Research Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Lucknow Lucknow India
| | - Geetanjali Mishra
- Ladybird Research Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Lucknow Lucknow India
| | - Omkar Omkar
- Ladybird Research Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Lucknow Lucknow India
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8
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Lemaître JF, Gaillard JM, Ramm SA. The hidden ageing costs of sperm competition. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1573-1588. [PMID: 32906225 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ageing and sexual selection are intimately linked. There is by now compelling evidence from studies performed across diverse organisms that males allocating resources to mating competition incur substantial physiological costs, ultimately increasing ageing. However, although insightful, we argue here that to date these studies cover only part of the relationship linking sexual selection and ageing. Crucially, allocation to traits important in post-copulatory sexual selection, that is sperm competition, has been largely ignored. As we demonstrate, such allocation could potentially explain much diversity in male and female ageing patterns observed both within and among species. We first review how allocation to sperm competition traits such as sperm and seminal fluid production depends on the quality of resources available to males and can be associated with a wide range of deleterious effects affecting both somatic tissues and the germline, and thus modulate ageing in both survival and reproductive terms. We further hypothesise that common biological features such as plasticity, prudent sperm allocation and seasonality of ejaculate traits might have evolved as counter-adaptations to limit the ageing costs of sperm competition. Finally, we discuss the implications of these emerging ageing costs of sperm competition for current research on the evolutionary ecology of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lemaître
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Steven A Ramm
- Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz 45, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
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9
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Brunton Martin AL, O'Hanlon JC, Gaskett AC. Orchid sexual deceit affects pollinator sperm transfer. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Brunton Martin
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland Central New Zealand
| | - James C. O'Hanlon
- School of Environmental and Rural Science The University of New England Armidale NSW Australia
| | - Anne C. Gaskett
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland Central New Zealand
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10
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Flintham EO, Yoshida T, Smith S, Pavlou HJ, Goodwin SF, Carazo P, Wigby S. Interactions between the sexual identity of the nervous system and the social environment mediate lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.1450. [PMID: 30487307 PMCID: PMC6283938 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in lifespan are ubiquitous, but the underlying causal factors remain poorly understood. Inter- and intrasexual social interactions are well known to influence lifespan in many taxa, but it has proved challenging to separate the role of sex-specific behaviours from wider physiological differences between the sexes. To address this problem, we genetically manipulated the sexual identity of the nervous system-and hence sexual behaviour-in Drosophila melanogaster, and measured lifespan under varying social conditions. Consistent with previous studies, masculinization of the nervous system in females induced male-specific courtship behaviour and aggression, while nervous system feminization in males induced male-male courtship and reduced aggression. Control females outlived males, but masculinized female groups displayed male-like lifespans and male-like costs of group living. By varying the mixture of control and masculinized females within social groups, we show that male-specific behaviours are costly to recipients, even when received from females. However, consistent with recent findings, our data suggest courtship expression to be surprisingly low cost. Overall, our study indicates that nervous system-mediated expression of sex-specific behaviour per se-independent of wider physiological differences between the sexes, or the receipt of aggression or courtship-plays a limited role in mediating sex differences in lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan O. Flintham
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 5PS, UK,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK,e-mail:
| | - Tomoyo Yoshida
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 5PS, UK
| | - Sophie Smith
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 5PS, UK
| | - Hania J. Pavlou
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Stephen F. Goodwin
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Pau Carazo
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stuart Wigby
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 5PS, UK
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11
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12
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Alavi Y, Elgar MA, Jones TM. Male Mating Success and the Effect of Mating History on Ejaculate Traits in a Facultatively Parthenogenic Insect (Extatosoma tiaratum). Ethology 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Alavi
- School of BioSciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Mark A. Elgar
- School of BioSciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
| | - Therésa M. Jones
- School of BioSciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. 3010 Australia
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13
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Esfandi K, He XZ, Wang Q. Flirtation reduces males' fecundity but not longevity. Evolution 2015; 69:2118-28. [PMID: 26133013 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Theory predicts that due to limited resources males should strategically adjust their investment in reproduction and survival. Based on different conceptual framework, experimental designs, and study species, many studies support while others contradict this general prediction. Using a moth Ephestia kuehniella whose adults do not feed and thus have fixed resources for their lifetime fitness, we investigated whether males adjusted their investment in various life activities under dynamic socio-sexual environment. We allowed focal males to perceive rivals or additional females without physical contact. We show that males do not adjust the number of sperm they transfer to mates in a given copulation at different immediate or both immediate and mean sperm competition levels. Contradictory to general predictions, our results demonstrate that cues from additional females increase males' investment in courtship and reduce their lifetime number of copulations and sperm ejaculated, whereas cues from rivals have no effect on these parameters. Males have similar longevity in all treatments. We suggest that the sex pheromone produced by multiple females overstimulate males, increasing males' costly flirtations, and reducing their lifetime copulation frequency and fecundity. This finding offers a novel explanation for the success of mating disruption strategy using sex pheromones in pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambiz Esfandi
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, Private Bag 11222, New Zealand
| | - Xiong Zhao He
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, Private Bag 11222, New Zealand
| | - Qiao Wang
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, Private Bag 11222, New Zealand.
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14
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Mowles SL, King BH, Linforth RST, Hardy ICW. A female-emitted pheromone component is associated with reduced male courtship in the parasitoid wasp Spalangia endius. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82010. [PMID: 24278468 PMCID: PMC3835669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During courtship interactions, the courted individual may not always be prepared to mate. For example, mating or courtship may be detrimental to its fitness and resistance is expected under these circumstances. As such, various resistance strategies have evolved, from physically fending off courting individuals to producing behavioural signals of unreceptivity. In the parasitoid wasp Spalangia endius, females rarely re-mate and mated females are avoided by males in favour of virgin females. Further, mated females appear to advertise their mating status by the release of a pheromone component (methyl 6-methylsalicylate), but direct evidence of the nature of this release is lacking. Here we used real-time chemical analysis to track the emission of the pheromone component during courtship interactions between virgin males and either virgin or mated females. We found that females actively release methyl 6-methylsalicylate when courted and that significantly greater concentrations are released by previously mated females. Further, high concentrations of this component are associated with both the prevention and termination of courtship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Mowles
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Bethia H. King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Robert S. T. Linforth
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Ian C. W. Hardy
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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15
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Thanda Win A, Kojima W, Ishikawa Y. Age-Related Male Reproductive Investment in Courtship Display and Nuptial Gifts in a Moth,Ostrinia scapulalis. Ethology 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aye Thanda Win
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Wataru Kojima
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo; Japan
| | - Yukio Ishikawa
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo; Japan
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Zajitschek F, Lailvaux SP, Dessmann J, Brooks R. Diet, sex, and death in field crickets. Ecol Evol 2012; 2:1627-36. [PMID: 22957167 PMCID: PMC3434943 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is shaped by age-dependent trade-offs between fitness components. Because males and females invest different resources in reproduction, the trade-offs behind age-dependent reproductive effort should be resolved differently in the sexes. In this study, we assess the effects of diet (high carbohydrate and low protein vs. equal carbohydrate and protein) and mating (once mated vs. virgin) on lifespan and age-dependent mortality in male and female field crickets (Teleogryllus commodus), and on male calling effort. Females always had higher actuarial ageing rates than males, and we found a clear lifespan cost of mating in females. Mated males, however, lived longer than virgin males, possibly because virgins call more than mated males. The fastest age-dependent increases in mortality were among mated males on the high-carbohydrate diet. Males on a high-carbohydrate diet showed a faster increase in calling effort earlier in life, and a more pronounced pattern of senescence once they reached this peak than did males on a diet with equal amounts of protein and carbohydrates. Our results provide evidence that the cost of mating in this cricket species is both diet and sex-dependent, and that the underlying causes of sex differences in life-history traits such as lifespan and senescence can be complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Zajitschek
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Simon P Lailvaux
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of New Orleans2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148
| | - Josephine Dessmann
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South WalesKensington, Sydney 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Brooks
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South WalesKensington, Sydney 2052 NSW, Australia
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Larsdotter-Mellström H, Murtazina R, Borg-Karlson AK, Wiklund C. Timing of male sex pheromone biosynthesis in a butterfly - different dynamics under direct or diapause development. J Chem Ecol 2012; 38:584-91. [PMID: 22555771 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The life history traits and behavior of the butterfly Pieris napi are well-known, as the species is often used as a model organism for evolutionary and ecological studies. The species has two or more generations per year in the major part of its temperate distribution, and as different selection pressures affect the different generations, both behavioral and physiological seasonal polyphenisms have been shown previously. Here, we explored the dynamics of male sex pheromone production. The two generations are shown to have significantly different scent compositions early in life; the direct developers--who have shorter time for pupal development--need the first 24 hr of adult life after eclosion to synthesize the sex pheromone citral (geranial and neral 1:1)--whereas the diapausing individuals who have spent several months in the pupal stage eclose with adult scent composition. Resource allocation and biosynthesis also were studied in greater detail by feeding butterflies (13)C labeled glucose either in the larval or adult stage, and recording incorporation into geranial, neral, and other volatiles produced. Results demonstrate that the pheromone synthesized by newly eclosed adult males is based on materials ingested in the larval stage, and that adult butterflies are able to synthesize the pheromone components geranial and neral and the related alcohols also from adult intake of glucose. In summary, our study shows that time-stress changes the timing in biosynthesis of the complete pheromone between generations, and underpins the importance of understanding resource allocation and the physiological basis of life history traits.
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Salehialavi Y, Fritzsche K, Arnqvist G. The cost of mating and mutual mate choice in 2 role–reversed honey locust beetles. Behav Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arr097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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