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Martin MS, Owen M, Wintle NJP, Zhang G, Zhang H, Swaisgood RR. Stereotypic behaviour predicts reproductive performance and litter sex ratio in giant pandas. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7263. [PMID: 32350317 PMCID: PMC7190838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breeding and welfare problems confront many conservation breeding programs. Stereotypies-repetitive, unvarying, functionless behaviours -are common abnormal behaviours that often arise in suboptimal conditions. While the role of stereotypies in welfare assessment is well studied, few investigations address the relationship between stereotypic behaviour and reproduction. We examined the correlation between stereotypic behaviour and reproductive performance in 101 giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). High stereotyping males copulated more and produced more cubs, suggesting that highly sexually motivated males were prone to stereotypy but also had high reproductive competence. Female stereotypies were negatively associated with all reproductive measures closely tied to behavioural competence: high stereotyping females were less likely to copulate, less likely to mother-rear cubs, and-probably a result of poor maternal care-had lower cub survival. However, females that exhibited stereotypies were more likely to produce a cub, suggesting stereotypies are tied to behavioural but not physiological competence. High stereotyping female pandas also displayed strong and consistent bias toward production of female offspring while paternal relationship to sex allocation was the reverse. These results are consistent with stress-mediated sex allocation theory. Our findings raise concern about differential reproductive success among high and low stereotyping pandas, and possible genetic adaptation to captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan S Martin
- Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Rd., Escondido, California, 92027, USA.,PDXWildlife, 9233 SW Brier Pl., Portland, OR, 97219, USA
| | - Megan Owen
- Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Rd., Escondido, California, 92027, USA
| | | | - Guiquan Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, Sichuan, 623006, P.R. China
| | - Hemin Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, Sichuan, 623006, P.R. China
| | - Ronald R Swaisgood
- Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Rd., Escondido, California, 92027, USA.
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Jiang Z, Gao B, Lei F, Qu Y. Population genomics reveals that refugial isolation and habitat change lead to incipient speciation in the Ground tit. ZOOL SCR 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Bin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Fumin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yanhua Qu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Song Z, Liu Y, Booksmythe I, Ding C. Effects of individual-based preferences for colour-banded mates on sex allocation in zebra finches. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Booksmythe I, Mautz B, Davis J, Nakagawa S, Jennions MD. Facultative adjustment of the offspring sex ratio and male attractiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 92:108-134. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isobel Booksmythe
- Division of Evolution, Ecology & Genetics; Research School of Biology, The Australian National University; Daley road Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
- Department of Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University; Norbyvägen 18D SE-75236 Uppsala Sweden
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Brian Mautz
- Division of Evolution, Ecology & Genetics; Research School of Biology, The Australian National University; Daley road Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
- Department of Animal Ecology; Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University; Norbyvägen 18D SE-75236 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jacqueline Davis
- Division of Evolution, Ecology & Genetics; Research School of Biology, The Australian National University; Daley road Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
- Department of Psychology; University of Cambridge; Downing Street CB2 3EB Cambridge U.K
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Department of Zoology; University of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Michael D. Jennions
- Division of Evolution, Ecology & Genetics; Research School of Biology, The Australian National University; Daley road Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
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Romano A, Romano M, Caprioli M, Costanzo A, Parolini M, Rubolini D, Saino N. Sex allocation according to multiple sexually dimorphic traits of both parents in the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica). J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1234-47. [PMID: 25913917 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Parents should differentially invest in sons or daughters depending on the sex-specific fitness returns from male and female offspring. In species with sexually selected heritable male characters, highly ornamented fathers should overproduce sons, which will be more sexually attractive than sons of less ornamented fathers. Because of genetic correlations between the sexes, females that express traits which are under selection in males should also overproduce sons. However, sex allocation strategies may consist in reaction norms leading to spatiotemporal variation in the association between offspring sex ratio (SR) and parental phenotype. We analysed offspring SR in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) over 8 years in relation to two sexually dimorphic traits: tail length and melanin-based ventral plumage coloration. The proportion of sons increased with maternal plumage darkness and paternal tail length, consistently with sexual dimorphism in these traits. The size of the effect of these parental traits on SR was large compared to other studies of offspring SR in birds. Barn swallows thus manipulate offspring SR to overproduce 'sexy sons' and potentially to mitigate the costs of intralocus sexually antagonistic selection. Interannual variation in the relationships between offspring SR and parental traits was observed which may suggest phenotypic plasticity in sex allocation and provides a proximate explanation for inconsistent results of studies of sex allocation in relation to sexual ornamentation in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romano
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Romano
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Caprioli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Costanzo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Parolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - D Rubolini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - N Saino
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Wang C, Lu X. Dispersal in Kin Coalition Throughout the Non-Breeding Season to Facilitate Fine-Scale Genetic Structure in the Breeding Season: Evidence From a Small Passerine. Ethology 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Zoology; College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Zoology; College of Life Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
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Extra-pair copulations, intra-specific brood parasitism, and quasi-parasitism in birds: a theoretical approach. Acta Ethol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-013-0170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lu X, Yu T, Ke D. Helped ground tit parents in poor foraging environments reduce provisioning effort despite nestling starvation. Anim Behav 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Reproductive skew in an avian cooperative breeder: an empirical test for theoretical models. Behav Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arr143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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WANG CHEN, LU XIN. Female ground tits prefer relatives as extra-pair partners: driven by kin-selection? Mol Ecol 2011; 20:2851-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Offspring sex ratio produced by female guppies in the wild correlates with sexual ornaments of their sons. J ETHOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-010-0243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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