Contingencies of Self-Worth and Psychological Distress in Iranian Patients Seeking Cosmetic Surgery: Integrative Self-Knowledge as Mediator

A Study on the Correlation of Big 5 Personality Traits in Asians With Facial Contour Surgery

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study is to explore the present situation and related factors of big 5 personality in Asian patients with facial contour surgery and to provide experience for clinical individualized medical care.

METHODS

Total 235 patients with facial contour surgery were selected in this study. The Neo Five-factor Inventory was used to investigate them.

RESULTS

The scores of conscientiousness and openness in the Neo Five-factor Inventory were higher than others, whereas neuroticism score was lowest in patients with facial contour surgery. The scores of extroversion and agreeableness were in the middle level. Among the big 5 personality the age, educational background, self-rated personality, the only child in a family and other cosmetic surgery history had significant differences in patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with facial contour surgery for different sex, different marital status, different body mass index, there is no significant difference in the big 5 personality through this study. However, older patients had higher score for conscientiousness, patients with higher educational background had higher scores in openness and patients with introverted personality had higher neuroticism score. The authors should take individualized personality traits during perioperative care to help the patients to establish a correct and healthy esthetic concept, as well as postoperative body image concept, to build their self-confidence and social competitiveness.

The association between comorbid body dysmorphic disorder and depression: moderation effect of age and mediation effect of body mass index and body image among Pakistani students

Background

American Psychological Association defined body dysmorphic disorder as being obsessed with observed (preoccupied) flaws in one’s appearance. The observed flaws cause ample distress and/or worsening in the quality of life, isolation, lessening in social or professional functioning, while also being linked to depression and attempt suicide. Generally, younger individuals are more displeased and anxious about defects that can be seen or unseen. The study aimed to explore the predictive role of body mass index and body image in the relationship between comorbid body dysmorphic disorder and depressive symptoms among adults. A cross-sectional study used self-report measures; for depression, body apperception, and body dysmorphic disorder scale were administered to 281 undergraduate and post-graduate adults of Hazara division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, consisting male (54.80%) and women (45.19%).

Results

Results indicated that body dysmorphic disorder was positively associated with body image and negatively with depression. As males are prone to stressors in Pakistani society, stressors overwhelm them more than females (Cohen’s d = .436). On body mass index categories, depression, age, and gender were substantially different in three categories. Structural equation modeling evidenced that body dysmorphic disorder indirectly predicts depression when age is used as a moderator and mediation effect of body mass index.

Conclusions

It is concluded that body dysmorphic disorder is prevalent at a younger age, overweight and underweight among adults. Therefore, the complexity of body dysmorphic disorder and its similarity with body image can be better understood within the specific context. The potential implication is it make easy to understand for the researchers and mental health care practitioners.

Prevalence and associated factors of minimally invasive facial cosmetic surgery in Chinese college students

BACKGROUND

Minimally invasive facial cosmetic surgery (MIFCS) is becoming more and more popular and acceptable in Chinese young people, and it influences people in many aspects. However, there is little research on the associations between MIFCS and psychopathology in Chinese college students. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of MIFCS and its associated factors among Chinese college students.

METHODS

A cross-sectional design was applied in this study. A total of 8089 students completed an online questionnaire on demographic data, depressive symptoms (Self-Rating Depression Scale), anxiety symptoms (Self-Rating Anxiety Scale) and MIFCS. Logistic regression was used to identify independent factors associated with MIFCS.

RESULTS

The prevalence of MIFCS in Chinese college students was 2.7% (221/8098). Students with MIFCS were more likely to be from urban areas, from a single child household, experience depression or anxiety and have a history of smoking (all p < 0.05). They were also less likely to be right-handed or have a good relationship with father or mother (all p < 0.05). Binary logistic regression showed that older age (OR,1.162; 95%CI [1.061,1.273]), female sex (OR,1.837; 95%CI [1.352, 2.497]), community (urban) (OR,0.601; 95%CI [0.441,0.818]), right-handedness (OR,0.668; 95%CI [0.454,0.985]), depressive symptoms (OR, 4.708; 95%CI [1.690,13.112]), family income (30,000-70,000 yuan per year) (OR,0.572; 95%CI [0.403,0.812]) and smoking (OR,1.571; 95%CI [1.09,2.423]) were independently associated with MIFCS.

CONCLUSIONS

Minimally invasive facial cosmetic surgery (MIFCS) is very common in Chinese college students, indicating the importance of paying attention to MIFCS. This study provides valuable evidence for college counselors and doctors in the cosmetic department to provide better and healthier services to students who undergo MIFCS, especially those with depressive symptoms.

Anxiety in Chinese Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Preliminary Study

OBJECTIVES

To preliminarily analyze factors that affected the prevalence of anxiety in Chinese patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P).

METHODS

The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) was used to screen anxiety in Chinese CL/P patients. Non-CL/P individuals were also included as the control group. Sociodemographic and clinical data consisting of diagnosis, gender, only child or not, monthly household income, and current family location were collected to analyze possible factors that could affect the anxiety of this patient population.

RESULTS

One hundred forty-two and 78 valid questionnaires were collected from the study and control groups, respectively. The mean GAD-7 score of the study group (3.092 ± 3.381) was significantly lower than the control (3.987 ± 2.505). Moreover, the proportion of patients presenting with moderate-severe anxiety was larger in the study group than in the control group (6.6 vs. 0.0%). Statistically significant differences in GAD-7 scores were observed between the study and control groups when the patient was the only child, living in an urban area, or the monthly household income was between 1,000 and 5,000 yuan.

CONCLUSION

Although the severity of anxiety in Chinese CL/P patients was not severer than those without CL/P, there was a relatively high incidence of moderate-severe anxiety in CL/P patients, while the only child, current family location and the monthly household income played significant roles in affecting anxiety psychology.

Self-Worth and Self-Knowledge in Iranian Patients Seeking Cosmetic Surgery: A Comparative Study

Prior research has reported a psychological impairment in patients seeking cosmetic surgery. However, the role of other variables such as contingencies of self-worth and self-knowledge has been ignored. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine new psychological structures, contingencies of self-worth, and self-knowledge among patients seeking cosmetic surgery. Eighty patients (47 female and 33 male; mean age = 28.98, SD = 8.32; 40 seeking cosmetic surgery and 40 seeking surgical treatment) were randomly recruited from the Shahid Motahhari clinic in Shiraz, Iran. The patients completed the Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale, Integrative Self-Knowledge Scale, Subjective Vitality Scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. The results showed that, compared to the surgical treatment group, self-worth in patients seeking cosmetic surgery was found to depend on their appearance and the approval of others. Further, the self-knowledge in patients seeking cosmetic surgery was lower than that of patients seeking surgical treatment. In addition, there were no significant differences between the two groups in vitality, depression, anxiety, and stress. It can be concluded that patients seeking cosmetic surgery have lower self-knowledge and their self-esteem depends on their appearance and the approval of others.

Cross-sectional investigation and analysis of anxiety and depression in preoperative patients in the outpatient department of aesthetic plastic surgery in a general hospital in China

OBJECTIVE

This study was designed to evaluate anxiety and depression disorders and investigate the prevalence and risk factors in preoperative patients who visited a cosmetic plastic surgery clinic.

METHODS

The estimate of anxiety and depression in preoperative patients, who were admitted to the outpatient department of plastic surgery in a general hospital from July 2016 to July 2017, was determined by a field survey method using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The demographic information of all patients was collected. All data were analyzed by SPSS statistical package.

RESULTS

A total of 315 patients were enrolled, which included 15 males and 300 females, with an average age of 30 ± 8.4 years. The mean HADS score was 8.2 ± 5.13, HADS-A was 4.7 ± 3.04, and HADS-D was 3.5 ± 2.72. The HADS-A score was significantly higher than the HADS-D score (p = 0.000). There were 34 cases (10.8%) with anxiety, 15 cases (4.8%) with depression, and 6 cases (1.9%) with both anxiety and depression. We found that the education level of these patients (p = 0.001) and the development level of their residence places (p = 0.040) have a negative correlation with the score of anxiety. There was a negative correlation between education level (p = 0.000) and depression score. Education level was associated with the diagnosis of anxiety (p = 0.034). Education level (p = 0.001) and occupation (p = 0.015) were associated with the diagnosis of depression.

CONCLUSION

In patients seeking cosmetic plastic surgery, the preoperative anxiety is more obvious than depression. There is a negative correlation between education level and anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Cosmetic Surgery and Body Dysmorphic Disorder - An Update

With the increasing volume and popularity of cosmetic procedures and surgeries, physicians in related specialties are increasingly likely to encounter patients with body dysmorphic disorder. Given the ethical, safety, and legal considerations involved in aesthetic procedures in these patients, accurate identification and appropriate selection for procedures is crucial.