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Manson S, Nekaris KAI, Nijman V, Campera M. Effect of shade on biodiversity within coffee farms: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169882. [PMID: 38215842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Aligning crop production with conservation initiatives has long been a topic of debate, with agricultural intensification threatening biodiversity across the globe. Shade-grown coffee allows farmers to preserve biodiversity by providing viable habitat, but its conservation value remains unclear. In this meta-analysis, we screened existing literature using the PRISMA protocol to compare the effect of three shade intensities on species diversity and individual abundance: sun, low shade (LS) and high shade (HS). Furthermore, we examine differences between taxa, within taxa and between regions to establish which species benefit most from shade and whether these benefits vary dependent on geographical location. Out of 1889 studies, we included 69 studies in the analysis, and performed random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions. Overall, we found that species diversity was significantly higher in HS when compared to sun and LS, and species diversity in LS tended to be higher than in sun. In each treatment, the species diversity of birds was higher in the higher shade treatment, i.e., HS and LS. In addition, mammal and epiphyte species diversity was higher in HS when compared to LS. Similarly, studies from Latin America showed significantly higher species diversity and abundance in shaded farms when compared to sun farms. Studies conducted in Africa detailed the opposite relationship, with abundance being significantly higher in less shaded systems, highlighting that land-use strategies must be region-specific. Moving forward, strategies to conserve biodiversity within coffee farms should: 1) account for region-specific variables; 2) end further encroachment; 3) maintain connectivity; and 4) optimise yield through prioritising faunal and floral diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Manson
- School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
| | - K A I Nekaris
- School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
| | - Vincent Nijman
- School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
| | - Marco Campera
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
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Berhanu Y, Nigussie A, Jifar AA, Ahmed M, Biresaw A, Mamuye M, Fite A, Dume B. Nitrous oxide and methane emissions from coffee agroforestry systems with different intensities of canopy closure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162821. [PMID: 36921873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Agroforestry-based coffee production systems (AFs) contribute to climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration. However, it is unclear whether AFs produce lower nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions than the open-shade coffee production system. In addition, little to no evidence is available to explain the relationship between canopy cover levels and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in AFs. The aim of this study was to investigate N2O, CH4 and yield-scaled emissions in AFs with differing shade-tree canopy levels. Three canopy cover levels were identified: (i) dense shade (80 % canopy closure), (ii) medium shade (49 % canopy closure), and (iii) open-shade (full sun) production. To determine the effect of canopy cover on GHG emissions under varying soil fertility management practices, three soil fertilization strategies were included: (i) mineral fertilizer, (ii) compost, and (iii) control (i.e., without soil amendment). The results showed that N2O emissions were two-to-three times greater when there was dense canopy cover than from open-shade production. The effect of canopy cover on N2O emission was more pronounced under the mineral fertilizer treatment. CH4 emissions were 44-64 % greater under the open-shade production system than under AFs. The yield-scaled global warming potential of 1 kg of fresh coffee cherries was 0.72 kg CO2eq for open-shade production, 0.58 kg CO2eq for medium canopy cover and 0.52 kg CO2eq for dense canopy cover. This study provides the first evidence of the importance of considering canopy cover intensity when determining the spatial-temporal variations in GHG emissions from agroforestry systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yericho Berhanu
- Africa Center of Excellence for Climate Smart Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Nigussie
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 307 Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Abdo Aba Jifar
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 307 Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Milkyas Ahmed
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 307 Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Armaye Biresaw
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 307 Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Mamuye
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 307 Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Amsalu Fite
- Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 307 Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Bayu Dume
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Agro-environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
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Merle I, Hipólito J, Requier F. Towards integrated pest and pollinator management in tropical crops. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 50:100866. [PMID: 34971783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biotic pollination and pest control are two critical insect-mediated ecosystem services that support crop production. Although management of both services is usually treated separately, the new paradigm of Integrated Pest and Pollinator Management (IPPM) suggests synergetic benefits by considering them together. We reviewed the management practices in two major tropical perennial crops: cocoa and coffee, to assess IPPM applications under the tropics. We found potential synergies and antagonisms among crop pest and pollination management, however, very few studies considered these interactions. Interestingly, we also found management practices focusing mainly on a single service mediated by insects although species can show multiple ecological functions as pests, natural enemies, or pollinators. The tropics represent a promising area for the implementation of IPPM and future research should address this concept to move towards a more sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Merle
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Juliana Hipólito
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Fabrice Requier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France.
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Zewdie B, Tack AJM, Ayalew B, Wondafrash M, Nemomissa S, Hylander K. Plant biodiversity declines with increasing coffee yield in Ethiopia’s coffee agroforests. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beyene Zewdie
- Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Svante Arrhenius väg 20A Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ayco J. M. Tack
- Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Svante Arrhenius väg 20A Stockholm Sweden
| | - Biruk Ayalew
- Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Svante Arrhenius väg 20A Stockholm Sweden
| | - Melaku Wondafrash
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management Addis Ababa University College of Natural and Computational Sciences PO Box 3434 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Sileshi Nemomissa
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management Addis Ababa University College of Natural and Computational Sciences PO Box 3434 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Kristoffer Hylander
- Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Svante Arrhenius väg 20A Stockholm Sweden
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Landscape composition regulates the spillover of beneficial insects between forest remnants and adjacent coffee plantations. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Grant EL, Wallace HM, Brooks PR, Burwell C, Reddell PW, Ogbourne SM. Floral attraction and flower visitors of a subcanopy, tropical rainforest tree, Fontainea picrosperma. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10468-10482. [PMID: 34367589 PMCID: PMC8328466 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering plants in tropical rainforests rely heavily on pollen vectors for successful reproduction. Research into pollination systems in tropical rainforests is dominated by canopy species, while subcanopy plant-pollinator interactions remain under-represented. The microclimate beneath the rainforest canopy is characterized by low light levels and is markedly different from the canopy environment that receives more light energy.We studied the floral attractants and floral visitors of a dioecious, subcanopy tree, Fontainea picrosperma (Euphorbiaceae), in the Wet Tropics bioregion of northern Queensland, Australia.We found that wind pollination is rare and male and female flowers do not produce nectar. Female flowers are likely pollinated due to their perceptual similarity to pollen-offering male flowers. Female flowers had the same scent profile as male flowers, and floral scent was an important floral attractant that acted to regulate pollinator behavior. The two most abundant scent compounds present in the floral bouquet were benzyl alcohol and 4-oxoisophorone. These compounds are ubiquitous in nature and are known to attract a wide variety of insects. Both day-time and night-time pollinators contributed to successful pollen deposition on the stigma, and diurnal flower visitors were identified from several orders of insects including beetles, flies, predatory wasps, and thrips. Fontainea picrosperma is therefore likely to be pollinated by a diverse array of small insects.Synthesis. Our data indicate that F. picrosperma has a generalist, entomophilous pollination syndrome. The rainforest subcanopy is a distinctive environment characterized by low light levels, low or turbulent wind speeds, and relatively high humidity. Female flowers of F. picrosperma exhibit cost-saving strategies by not producing nectar and mimicking the smell of reward-offering male flowers. Insects opportunistically forage on or inhabit flowers, and pollination occurs from a pool of small insects with low energy requirements that are found beneath the rainforest canopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elektra L. Grant
- Genecology Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsQldAustralia
| | - Helen M. Wallace
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security and Griffith School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityNathanQldAustralia
| | - Peter R. Brooks
- Genecology Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsQldAustralia
| | - Chris Burwell
- Biodiversity and Geosciences ProgramQueensland MuseumSouth BrisbaneQldAustralia
- Griffith School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityNathanQldAustralia
| | | | - Steven M. Ogbourne
- Genecology Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsQldAustralia
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Escobedo-Kenefic N, Landaverde-González P, Theodorou P, Cardona E, Dardón MJ, Martínez O, Domínguez CA. Disentangling the effects of local resources, landscape heterogeneity and climatic seasonality on bee diversity and plant-pollinator networks in tropical highlands. Oecologia 2020; 194:333-344. [PMID: 32712873 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Land-use alteration and climate seasonality have profound effects on bee species diversity by influencing the availability of nesting and floral resources. Here, using twelve sites embedded in an agriculture-forest mosaic in the tropical highlands of Guatemala, we investigated the relative effects of climate seasonality and landscape heterogeneity on bee and floral-resource community structure and on their mutualistic network architecture. We found that climate seasonality affected bee diversity, which was higher in the wet season and associated positively with the availability of floral resources across both seasons. Bee community composition also differed between seasons and it was mainly driven by floral-resource richness and the proportion of agricultural, semi-natural and forest cover. In addition to the effects on bee diversity, climate seasonality also affected flower-bee visitation networks. We documented higher relative (null model corrected) nestedness in the dry season compared to the wet season. Niche partitioning as a result of competition for scarce resources in the dry season could be the process driving the differences in the network structure between seasons. Furthermore, relative nestedness was consistently smaller than zero, and relative modularity and specialization were consistently larger than zero in both seasons, suggesting the existence of isolated groups of interacting partners in all our flower-bee visitation networks. Our results highlight the effect of climatic seasonality and the importance of preserving local floral resources and natural heterogeneous habitats for the conservation of bee communities and their pollination services in tropical highlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Escobedo-Kenefic
- Unidad para el Conocimiento, Uso y Valoración de la Biodiversidad, Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas-CECON-, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Avenida La Reforma 0-63 zona 10, 01010, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.,Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 70-275, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia Landaverde-González
- Unidad para el Conocimiento, Uso y Valoración de la Biodiversidad, Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas-CECON-, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Avenida La Reforma 0-63 zona 10, 01010, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala. .,General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Panagiotis Theodorou
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Edson Cardona
- Unidad para el Conocimiento, Uso y Valoración de la Biodiversidad, Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas-CECON-, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Avenida La Reforma 0-63 zona 10, 01010, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - María José Dardón
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 5, Berlin, D-14195, Germany
| | - Oscar Martínez
- Unidad para el Conocimiento, Uso y Valoración de la Biodiversidad, Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas-CECON-, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Avenida La Reforma 0-63 zona 10, 01010, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala.,Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio María Auxiliadora, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, 29290, Chiapas, México
| | - César A Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 70-275, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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8
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Pereira P. Ecosystem services in a changing environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 702:135008. [PMID: 31733548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Pereira
- Environmental Management Center, Mykolas Romeris University, Ateities g. 20, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Geeraert L, Berecha G, Honnay O, Aerts R. Organoleptic quality of Ethiopian Arabica coffee deteriorates with increasing intensity of coffee forest management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 231:282-288. [PMID: 30347347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) grows naturally as an understory shrub in the moist evergreen montane forests of Southwest Ethiopia. In response to an increasing local human population pressure and a growing coffee demand on the world market, coffee producing forests are increasingly managed to boost coffee yield. Here we compared organoleptic coffee quality between natural coffee producing forests, large coffee agroforests, and small coffee agroforests. Accounting for variability in Arabica coffee genotype and environment, we found that blind consensus scores, given by a panel of certified Q-Grade cuppers, were negatively affected by increasing forest management intensity. Importantly, only coffee from natural coffee producing forests qualified as specialty coffee following the Specialty Coffee Association of America's standards. We suggest that the most important drivers of deteriorating coffee quality include decreased shade levels and changing micro-climate and biotic interactions. Due to the low yields of coffee in natural coffee producing forests and the lack of quality price premiums, Ethiopian smallholder farmers are inclined to optimize for coffee quantity, rather than for quality, causing a significant challenge for the conservation of Ethiopian natural coffee producing forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Geeraert
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31-2435, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - G Berecha
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Science, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - O Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31-2435, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - R Aerts
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31-2435, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E-2411, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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From natural forest to coffee agroforest: implications for communities of large mammals in the Ethiopian highlands. ORYX 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605318000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn tropical regions the extent of agricultural land is increasing rapidly at the expense of natural forest, with associated losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Agroforestry has long been proposed as a more sustainable agricultural system, conserving biodiversity while providing significant local livelihoods. In this context, camera traps were deployed to compare communities of large mammals between natural forest (22,272 hours across 24 deployments) and extensively managed coffee forest (19,059 hours, 23 deployments) for the first time in the south-west Ethiopian highlands. Mammal communities in the two forest types were similar in species richness and Shannon diversity but differed in community composition. Significant indicator species of coffee forest were the crested porcupine Hystrix cristata and the Ethiopian hare Lepus fagani, whereas leopards Panthera pardus and civets Civettictis civetta had a preference for natural forest. The number of detections of mammals was higher in coffee forest, where activity patterns were predominantly crepuscular and nocturnal, which may be a direct adaptation to frequent human disturbance. In natural forest, mammal activity peaked during daytime. Despite the high mammal diversity in extensively managed coffee forest, it cannot fully replace natural forest as a habitat for large mammals. We suggest that a balanced landscape mosaic of coffee and natural forest may be a valuable combination for both conservation and coffee cultivation.
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