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Sumiyoshi S, Kubota T, Ohashi T, Nishibeppu K, Kiuchi J, Shimizu H, Arita T, Yamamoto Y, Konishi H, Morimura R, Kuriu Y, Shiozaki A, Ikoma H, Fujiwara H, Otsuji E. Risk factors for liver dysfunction and their clinical importance after gastric cancer surgery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8076. [PMID: 38580718 PMCID: PMC10997756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58644-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Postoperative hepatobiliary enzyme abnormalities often present as postoperative liver dysfunction in patients with gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to identify the risk factors for postoperative liver dysfunction and their clinical impact after GC surgery. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 124 patients with GC who underwent laparoscopic or robotic surgery at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine between 2017 and 2019. Twenty (16.1%) patients with GC developed postoperative liver dysfunction (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0 ≥ Grade 3). Univariate analyses identified robotic surgery as a risk factor for postoperative liver dysfunction (P = 0.005). There was no correlation between the postoperative liver dysfunction status and postoperative complications or postoperative hospital stays. Patients with postoperative liver dysfunction did not have significantly worse overall survival (P = 0.296) or recurrence-free survival (P = 0.565) than those without postoperative liver dysfunction. Robotic surgery is a risk factor for postoperative liver dysfunction; however, postoperative liver dysfunction does not affect short or long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutaro Sumiyoshi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Takuma Ohashi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Keiji Nishibeppu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Jun Kiuchi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ryo Morimura
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kuriu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ikoma
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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Ebara G, Sakuramoto S, Matsui K, Nishibeppu K, Fujita S, Fujihata S, Oya S, Lee S, Miyawaki Y, Sugita H, Sato H, Yamashita K. Efficacy and safety of patient-controlled thoracic epidural analgesia alone versus patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with acetaminophen after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a propensity score-matched analysis. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:8245-8253. [PMID: 37653160 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10370-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic gastrectomy is a common procedure for early gastric cancer treatment. Improving postoperative pain control enhances patient recovery after surgery. The use of multimodal analgesia can potentially enhance the analgesic effect, minimize side effects, and change the postoperative management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacies of the use of patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with regular acetaminophen (PCIA + Ace) and patient-controlled thoracic epidural analgesia (PCEA) for postoperative pain control. METHODS We retrospectively collected the data of 226 patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) with delta-shaped anastomosis between 2016 and 2019. After 1:1 propensity-score matching, we compared 83 patients who used PCEA alone (PCEA group) with 83 patients who used PCIA + Ace (PCIA + Ace group). Postoperative pain was assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS) with scores ranging from 0 to 10. An NRS score ≥ 4 was considered the threshold for additional intravenous rescue medication administration. RESULTS Although NRS scores at rest were comparable between the PCEA and PCIA + Ace groups, NRS scores of patients in the PCIA + Ace group during coughing or movement were significantly better than those of patients in the PCEA group on postoperative days 2 and 3. The frequency of additional rescue analgesic use was significantly lower in the PCIA + Ace group than in the PCEA group (1.1 vs. 2.7, respectively, p < 0.001). The rate of reduction or interruption of the patient-controlled analgesic dose was higher in the PCEA group than in the PCIA + Ace group (74.6% vs. 95.1%, respectively, p = 0.0002), mainly due to hypotension occurrence in the PCEA group. Physical recovery time, postoperative complication occurrence, and liver enzyme elevation incidence were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS PCIA + Ace can be safely applied without an increase in complications or deterioration in gastrointestinal function; moreover, PCIA + Ace use may provide better pain control than PCEA use in patients following LDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Ebara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Sakuramoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsui
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Keiji Nishibeppu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Shouhei Fujita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Shiro Fujihata
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Oya
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Seigi Lee
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Yutaka Miyawaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sugita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamashita
- Division of Advanced Surgical Oncology, Research and Development Center for New Medical Frontiers, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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Harada H, Hayami M, Makuuchi R, Ida S, Kumagai K, Ohashi M, Nunobe S. A sandwiching method that simplifies hepatic left lateral segment inversion to secure an optimal surgical view around the esophageal hiatus in laparoscopic and robotic gastrectomy for upper gastric and esophagogastric junction cancers. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:159. [PMID: 37093285 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-02901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In laparoscopic surgery for upper gastric and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer, it is important to achieve optimal exposure of the esophageal hiatus to secure an appropriate workspace. In recent years, hepatic left lateral segment (HLLS) inversion has been used to achieve an optimal surgical field. We present a simple technique to perform a modified HLLS inversion. METHODS As a simple modified method, suturing a 2-0 straight needle to the peritoneum of the round ligament and pulling it to the outside of the abdominal cavity, the falciform, left triangular, and coronary ligaments were dissected. The HLLS was inverted by moving it to the right through the space of the transected falciform ligament. By ligating the thread through the round ligament, the HLLS was sandwiched between the rest of the liver and abdominal wall. The short-term surgical outcomes of patient who underwent simple modified HLLS inversion were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS This study investigated consecutive 24 patients who underwent laparoscopic proximal and total gastrectomies using the simple modified HLLS inversion technique between June 2021 and April 2022. This series of procedures could be completed in approximately 16 min. A Nathanson liver retractor was used in three patients due to difficulties in completing the HLLS inversion in our institution. Postoperative serum liver enzyme levels indicated there was a small effect on the liver. CONCLUSIONS The simple modified HLLS inversion technique may be a safe and useful procedure and can provide an enhanced surgical field during laparoscopic surgery for upper gastric and EGJ cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Harada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Hayami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Rie Makuuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Koshi Kumagai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Manabu Ohashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Souya Nunobe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
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Law W, Percarpio R, Song Q, Smith KD, Hoffer EK, McNulty N. CT characterization of retractor related liver injuries after pancreaticoduodenectomy: Retrospective analysis of a single institution experience. Clin Imaging 2023; 99:53-59. [PMID: 37116262 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retractor related liver injuries (RRLI) are reported after upper gastrointestinal tract surgeries; most commonly laparoscopic cholecystectomy and gastric surgeries. The aim of this study was to characterize the incidence, identification, type, severity, clinical features and risk factors for RRLI after open and robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS A 6-year retrospective study of 230 patients was performed. Clinical data was extracted from the electronic medical record. Post-operative imaging was reviewed and graded using the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) liver injury scale. RESULTS 109 patients met eligibility criteria. RRLI occurred in 23/109 (21.1%), with a higher incidence in the robotic/combinedapproach (4/9) compared with open (19/100). Most common injury was an intraparenchymal hematoma (56.5%), grade II (78.3%), located in segments II/III (77%). 39.1% of injuries were not reported on the CT interpretation. There was a statistically significant elevation of postoperative AST/ALT in the RRLI group [median AST 219.5 vs. 72.0 (p < 0.001), ALT 203.0 vs. 69.0 (p < 0.001)]. Trends toward lower preoperative platelet counts and longer operations were observed in the RRLI group. No significant difference in hospital length of stay or post-operative pain scores were noted. CONCLUSION RRLI occurred frequently after pancreaticoduodenectomy, however most injuries were low grade and the only clinical significance was a transient increase in transaminases. A trend toward higher injury rates was observed in robotic cases. In this population, RRLI was often unrecognized on postoperative imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Law
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, APC 429, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - Robert Percarpio
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States
| | - Qingyuan Song
- Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth College, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States
| | - Kerrington D Smith
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States
| | - Eric K Hoffer
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States
| | - Nancy McNulty
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Department of Radiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States.
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Culcu S, Tamam S, Azili C, Ersoz S, Morkavuk B, Unal AE, Demirci S. Liver Dysfunction After Use of Nathanson Retractor During Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2023; 33:205-210. [PMID: 36445740 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2022.0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiopulmonary complications and liver dysfunction are also specific complications and problems associated with laparoscopic surgery. The main causes of postoperative liver dysfunction, which may often occur after laparoscopic surgery, include carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum and ligation of the aberrant left hepatic artery. Hepatic steatosis may develop as a natural consequence of neoadjuvant therapy, although rarely, owing to chemotherapy. Nathanson retractor may cause a prolonged elevation in liver enzymes of these patients compared with those who do not receive neoadjuvant therapy. Materials and Methods: The data of 151 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy between January 2017 and January 2022 for histologically proven primary gastric cancer in our clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The mean length of hospital stay was 6.21 days. The mean time normalization of the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) value was 2.45 ± 1.83 (range, 0-12) days postoperatively. The analysis of the correlation between the preoperative and postoperative 1-day values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and AST revealed a significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative 1-day median values of both parameters (P < .001). Each one unit increase in ALT led to an increase of 0.338 days in the length of intensive care stay and an increase of 0.345 days in the overall length of hospital stay. As the time to normalization of the AST value increased, the length of both intensive care stay and hospital stay increased. Each one unit increase in AST resulted in an increase of 0.316 days in the length of intensive care stay and an increase of 0.376 days in the overall length of hospital stay. Conclusion: Alternative retraction methods can be used safely in laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy. We are of the opinion that the Nathanson retractor should be used only during dissection of the relevant regions to shorten the intraoperative intermittent release or the time of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Culcu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selim Tamam
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cem Azili
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Siyar Ersoz
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Baris Morkavuk
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Health Science Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Ekrem Unal
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Demirci
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Jearanai S, Wiboonkhwan NA, Thongkan T, Pitakteerabundit T. Novel Trocar-Free Gastric Retractor in Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy. Indian J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-022-03491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Hatao F, Imamura K, Ishibashi Y, Kawasaki K, Yamazaki R, Morita Y. Liver retraction using an L-shaped retractor during sleeve gastrectomy. Surg Today 2021; 52:574-579. [PMID: 34853882 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-021-02430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Nathanson liver retractor (NLR) and the snake liver retractor (SLR) are commonly used in bariatric surgery and their use is associated with some disadvantages. We developed an L-shaped liver retractor (LLR) and herein evaluated its efficacy and safety. METHODS The present retrospective study enrolled patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy in our department between June 2014 and December 2020. The patients were divided into three groups according to the liver retractor used (LLR, SLR or NLR) for a comparative analysis of the efficacy and safety of the devices. The procedural time (PT) of each retractor type, defined as the time from retractor insertion to liver fixation, was compared. RESULTS In total, 140 patients successfully underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The LLR, SLR and NLR were used in 37, 91, and 12 of these patients, respectively. The PT for the LLR was the shortest. AST/ALT elevation was significantly more frequent in the NLR group than in the SLR group and tended to be less frequent in the LLR group in comparison to the NLR group (p = 0.09). The length of hospital stay in the NLR group was significantly longer in comparison to the LLR group. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that the LLR was superior to the conventional liver retractors used in sleeve gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Hatao
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, 2-8-29, Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8524, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Imamura
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, 2-8-29, Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8524, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishibashi
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, 2-8-29, Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8524, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kawasaki
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, 2-8-29, Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8524, Japan
| | - Ryoto Yamazaki
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, 2-8-29, Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8524, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morita
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, 2-8-29, Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8524, Japan
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Gojayev A, Yüksel C, mercan Ü, Çaparlar MA, Cetindag O, Akbulut S, Ünal AE, Bayar S, Demirci S. The effect and clinical significance of using nathanson
liver retractor on liver function tests in laparoscopic
gastric cancer surgery. POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2021; 94:54-61. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Aim: There are very few studies in the literature investigating the changes caused by the Nathanson retractors in liver function tests (LFT) after LG and its clinical significance. The present study investigated the changes made by the Nathanson retractor used during LG on LFT and its clinical significance.
Material and Method: The data of 236 patients, who underwent radical gastrectomy for primary gastric cancer at Surgical Oncology Unit in the period between January 2015 and January 2020 were retrospective studied. The patients were divided into two groups: laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG; 136 cases) and open gastrectomy (OG; 106 cases). Patients who have undergone cholecystectomy, with primary or secondary liver tumors, with chronic hepatic disease, who have preoperative high ALT, AST and bilirubin values were excluded from the study. LFT were measured preoperatively and postoperative day 1 (LFT1), LFT3, LFT5 and LFT7. LFT: ALT, AST and Total bilirubin (BIL).
Results: ALT1, ALT3, ALT5, ALT7 ALT values and AST1, AST3, AST5 AST values of the patients in the LG group were found to be significantly higher (P <0.001). Mean total bilirubin values of the groups were similar (P >0.05). In order to evaluate how the increase in LFT due to the use of the Nathanson retractors reflected on the patients' clinic, we divided the patients who underwent LG into two groups based on ALT increase in ALT1: Normal and Elevated. The in-hospital mortality rates (P = 0.080) and oral nutrition time (P = 0.913) of the groups were similar. No liver infarction developed in any of the groups. The duration of stay in the ICU was significantly longer in individuals with elevated LFT (P = 0.019).
Conclusion: Although the use of the Nathanson retractor during LG causes an increase in liver function tests, this does not cause major clinical problems in patients.
Key Words: Gastrectomy; gastric cancer; laparoscopy; liver enzymes; liver dysfunciton
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Affiliation(s)
- Afig Gojayev
- Clinic of Surgical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemil Yüksel
- Clinic of Surgical Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - ümit mercan
- Department of General Surgery, Clinic of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Çaparlar
- Clinic of Surgical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozhan Cetindag
- Clinic of Surgical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serkan Akbulut
- Clinic of Surgical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Ekrem Ünal
- Clinic of Surgical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sancar Bayar
- Clinic of Surgical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Demirci
- Clinic of Surgical Oncology, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Fersahoğlu MM, Ergin A, Çiyiltepe H, Fersahoglu AT, Bulut NE, Bilgili AC, Kaya B, Memişoğlu K. Comparison of the Pretzelflex Retractor and Nathanson Retractor in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Surgery. Obes Surg 2021; 31:4963-4969. [PMID: 34436716 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retraction of the left lobe of the liver is an important step in most bariatric surgical procedures. The left lobe of the liver may be enlarged, and laceration, hematoma, or necrosis may develop in the liver due to retraction. In this study, the results of use of the Nathanson retractor (NR) and PretzelFlex retractor (PFR) in the patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS The patients who underwent LSG were divided into three groups based on the type of liver retraction device used. Group 1: NR was used fixed during the operation; Group 2: PF retractor was used; Group 3: NR were used only for fundus dissection and when necessary. All groups were evaluated in terms of demographic characteristics, liver function tests, and developing complications. RESULTS The study was conducted with a total of 120 consecutive patients. Operation time in the second group was found to be significantly lower than the other two groups (p = 0.009; p = 0.001; p < 0.01). The duration of retractor use in the first group was significantly higher than the other two groups (p = 0.001; p = 0.001; p < 0.01). While aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values were found to be high in Group 1, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values were found to be high in Groups 1 and 3. CONCLUSION PFR has shorter operating and retraction times. It causes less measurable liver damage. Although the NR will be used, intermittent use causes less damage to the liver as in PFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Mahir Fersahoğlu
- Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training And Research Hospital/General Surgery, Hastane Street No: 1/8 Icerenkoy, 34752, , Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Anıl Ergin
- Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training And Research Hospital/General Surgery, Hastane Street No: 1/8 Icerenkoy, 34752, , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Çiyiltepe
- Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training And Research Hospital/General Surgery, Hastane Street No: 1/8 Icerenkoy, 34752, , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Tuba Fersahoglu
- Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training And Research Hospital/General Surgery, Hastane Street No: 1/8 Icerenkoy, 34752, , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuriye Esen Bulut
- Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training And Research Hospital/General Surgery, Hastane Street No: 1/8 Icerenkoy, 34752, , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Cihan Bilgili
- Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training And Research Hospital/General Surgery, Hastane Street No: 1/8 Icerenkoy, 34752, , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bülent Kaya
- Hisar Intercontinental Hospital/General Surgery, Saray Mahallesi Siteyolu caddesi no:7, 34768, Umraniye/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kemal Memişoğlu
- Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training And Research Hospital/General Surgery, Hastane Street No: 1/8 Icerenkoy, 34752, , Istanbul, Turkey
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Zheng X, Sang Q, Wang L, Chen G, Guo Y, Fan Q, Du D, Xu G, Lian D, Zhu B, Zhang N, Sun Z. K-Wire Retractor, a Trocar-Free Liver Retraction Technique in Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2020; 31:1113-1119. [PMID: 33136262 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-05091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver retractor helps in the provision of an adequate operative field in bariatric surgery. Though several retractors have been introduced, an optimal retraction method is yet to be desired. We have developed a K-wire retractor, a simple trocar-free liver retractor used in our bariatric surgery. The efficacy and safety of the K-wire retractor were examined. METHODS A retrospective review was performed on patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery from January 2016 to April 2019. Based on the application of liver retractors during surgery, patients were divided into the K-wire retractor group and the suture-based retractor group for comparative analyses. Patients with severe liver injury or missing data, or treated with other types of retractors were excluded. RESULTS A total of 317 patients were included in our study and there was no conversion to open surgery. There were no significant differences in patient demographics (age, gender, BMI) and types of bariatric surgery between the two groups. The time taken for placement of retractor was significantly shorter in the K-wire retractor group, in addition to higher operative view score and lesser ALT/AST elevation compared with the suture-based retractor group. Although the K-wire retractor group was less inclined to require additional retraction techniques, patients with BMI ≥ 50 Kg/m2 were associated with higher risk (OR:3.8; 95% CI: 1.2, 12.8) of requiring additional retractors. There were no severe K-wire retractor-related complications observed. CONCLUSION The trocar-free K-wire liver retractor is safe, simple, and effective as a standard liver retraction method in bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Zheng
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University), Tieyi Road, Haidian Distinct, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Qing Sang
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University), Tieyi Road, Haidian Distinct, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University), Tieyi Road, Haidian Distinct, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Guanyang Chen
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University), Tieyi Road, Haidian Distinct, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yifan Guo
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University), Tieyi Road, Haidian Distinct, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University), Tieyi Road, Haidian Distinct, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Dexiao Du
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University), Tieyi Road, Haidian Distinct, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Guangzhong Xu
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University), Tieyi Road, Haidian Distinct, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Dongbo Lian
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University), Tieyi Road, Haidian Distinct, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University), Tieyi Road, Haidian Distinct, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Nengwei Zhang
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University), Tieyi Road, Haidian Distinct, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Zhipeng Sun
- Surgery Centre of Diabetes Mellitus, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University), Tieyi Road, Haidian Distinct, Beijing, 100038, China.
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First prospective clinical trial of reduced incision bariatric procedures using magnetic liver retraction. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 17:147-152. [PMID: 33011073 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure of the surgical field is an essential component of minimally invasive surgery. Liver retraction is an important element of bariatric procedures because visualization of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction is key. The magnetic surgical system provides a well-tolerated and effective option for adjustable liver retraction without the use of a dedicated port. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety profile and effectiveness of the magnetic surgical system in patients undergoing bariatric procedures. SETTING Two investigational sites in Chile. METHODS A prospective, single-arm study (ClinicalTrials.govNCT03508674) with adherence to Good Clinical Practices and ISO 14155:2011(E) was undertaken to evaluate the safety profile and effectiveness of the magnetic surgical system in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Patient follow-up occurred at 7 and 30 days postprocedure. RESULTS A total of 50 patients who met the inclusion criteria had a body mass index ranging from 28.4 to 58.2 kg/m2. All procedures were completed without complications or conversions. The average overall procedure time was 61 minutes, and the amount of coupling time between the magnetic controller and the detachable grasper was 37 minutes. In all cases the device was able to adequately retract the liver to achieve an effective exposure of the target tissue and perform the bariatric procedure. A total of 24 adverse effects were reported throughout the course of the study. All device-related adverse effects were mild in severity and resolved with no clinical sequelae. CONCLUSION The magnetic surgical system is a well-tolerated and effective option for liver retraction in minimally invasive and bariatric surgery in patients with a varying range of body mass indexes.
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Nakamura K, Suda K, Shibasaki S, Nakauchi M, Kikuchi K, Inaba K, Uyama I. The Hepatic Left Lateral Segment Inverting Method Offering a Wider Operative Field of View During Laparoscopic Proximal Gastrectomy. J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 24:2395-2403. [PMID: 32472268 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-020-04655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy, the hepatic left lateral segment often obstructs the operative field of view, especially around the esophageal hiatus. Therefore, a safe retraction method is needed. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of inverting the hepatic left lateral segment in laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy. METHODS This was a retrospective review of 81 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy. Patients were divided into two groups, i.e., the Nathanson liver retractor group (n = 41) and hepatic left lateral segment inverting group (n = 40). The unedited video recordings of the procedures and the patients' medical records were reviewed and compared. RESULTS The hepatic left lateral segment inverting method provided a more satisfactory view of the operative fields and a wider working space around the esophageal hiatus than the Nathanson liver retractor. No intraoperative hepatic congestion and significantly improved postoperative liver enzyme elevations were observed with hepatic left lateral segment inverting method compared with the Nathanson liver retractor method. CONCLUSIONS In laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy, the hepatic left lateral segment inverting method appears to provide improvements in both the operative field of view and liver protection compared with the Nathanson liver retractor method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Koichi Suda
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Susumu Shibasaki
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakauchi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kenji Kikuchi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuki Inaba
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Ichiro Uyama
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
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Hiramatsu K, Aoba T, Kamiya T, Mohri K, Kato T. Novel use of the Nathanson liver retractor to prevent postoperative transient liver dysfunction during laparoscopic gastrectomy. Asian J Endosc Surg 2020; 13:293-300. [PMID: 31389200 PMCID: PMC7379723 DOI: 10.1111/ases.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Nathanson liver retractor (N) has been known to cause postoperative transient liver dysfunction (POTLD) in laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG). To reduce the incidence of POTLD, specifically we added to the retractor the use of a disk (N + D) to reduce the localized pressure, and furthermore repositioned the retractor every 30 minutes (N + D TM) to reduce the liver retraction time. Before and after introducing this retractor, we assessed four consecutive retraction procedures. These included the following disk suspension methods (D), N, N + D, and N + D TM. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 85 patients who underwent an LG. In the D, N, N + D, and N + D TM groups, we evaluated the postoperative serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values. RESULTS For the D and N groups, the AST value significantly increased from the immediate post-operation time point (IPOT) to the third postoperative day (POD3). Additionally, the ALT value increased from IPOT to POD7. In the N + D group, the only decrease was in the ALT value at IPOT compared to the N group. The N + D TM group decreased in both the AST value from IPOT to POD3 and in the ALT value from IPOT to POD7, compared to the N group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the importance of reducing both the localized pressure and liver retraction time when using the Nathanson retractor to prevent POTLD during an LG. To make this possible, we successfully introduced the use of both a disk and the repositioning of the retractor at 30 minute intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taro Aoba
- Department of General SurgeryToyohashi Municipal HospitalToyohashiJapan
| | - Tadahiro Kamiya
- Department of General SurgeryToyohashi Municipal HospitalToyohashiJapan
| | - Koichi Mohri
- Department of General SurgeryToyohashi Municipal HospitalToyohashiJapan
| | - Takehito Kato
- Department of General SurgeryToyohashi Municipal HospitalToyohashiJapan
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A Novel Technique to Predict Liver Damage After Laparoscopic Gastrectomy From the Stomach Volume Overlapping the Liver by Preoperative Computed Tomography. World J Surg 2020; 44:3052-3060. [PMID: 32430742 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-020-05584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG), it is necessary to manipulate the lateral segment of the liver to secure the surgical field. Liver retraction during surgery often causes liver dysfunction after LG. However, no previous studies have used preoperative image evaluations to predict postoperative liver damage associated with surgical retraction. We aimed to predict postoperative liver damage after LG. METHODS In all, 117 consecutive patients with gastric cancer who underwent LG were included in this study. Using preoperative computed tomography (CT), the volume of the stomach overlapping the liver was integrated and calculated as the liver projecting stomach volume (LPSV). The liver projection ratio (LPR) was calculated by dividing the LPSV by the volume of the whole stomach. The relationships among liver damage, the LPSV and LPR were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 112 patients were divided into two groups as follows: 33 patients in the liver dysfunction group (D group) and 79 patients in the non-dysfunction group (N group). The LPSV was significantly larger in the D group than in the N group (median 77.1 vs 50.1 cm3; p = 0.0061). Similarly, LPR values in the D group were significantly higher than those in the N group (median 33.6 vs 26.2%; p = 0.003). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated a statistically significant ability of the LPSV and LPR to predict postoperative liver damage (area under the curve; 0.705 and 0.735, respectively). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the increase in the LPR was an independent predictor of postoperative liver damage (odds ratio: 1.042; 95% confidence interval: 1.009-1.078; p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS We have developed a novel technique for predicting postoperative liver damage associated with surgical liver retraction following LG. This method confirms the degree of the LPSV and LPR of the stomach via preoperative CT.
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Midya S, Ramus J, Hakim A, Jones G, Sampson M. Comparison of Two Types of Liver Retractors in Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity. Obes Surg 2019; 30:233-237. [PMID: 31440956 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retraction of the left lobe of the liver is an important step in most bariatric surgical procedures. Bariatric patients may have enlarged, fatty livers and retraction can be complicated with injuries, haematoma, or necrosis. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two standard liver retractors, Nathanson and PretzelFlex on patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). METHODS All consecutive patients undergoing LRYGB in our center from April 2017 to January 2019 were analysed. The type of retractor used was dependent on the surgeon's preference and the availability of instruments. Patients were divided into two groups, based on the type of liver retraction device used. Each group was assessed and compared for postoperative pain score, presence of nausea or vomiting, blood test results (liver function tests and C-reactive protein), and length of hospital stay. RESULTS LRYGB was performed on 167 patients in which Nathanson was used in 93 patients and PretzelFlex in 74 patients. The duration of surgery was similar in both groups. Alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly higher in the group where Nathanson's retractor was used. The postoperative pain score and length of stay were also higher when Nathanson's retractor was used but it did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION The PretzelFlex liver retractor causes significantly less measurable liver damage and is associated with less postoperative pain and nausea when compared with Nathanson's retractor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Midya
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK.
| | - James Ramus
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK
| | - Aishah Hakim
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK
| | - Gregory Jones
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK
| | - Marianne Sampson
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK
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16
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Sweeny A, Buglino L, La Vella E, Yarbrough D. Comparison of a Novel, Trocar-Free Internal Liver Retractor to Standard Liver Retraction in Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2019; 29:3071-3075. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Hachiya O, Sato T, Toda M, Kimura W. An Easy and Safe Method of Liver Retraction Using a Silicone Disc and Needle Forceps for Laparoscopic Gastrectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2018; 29:484-488. [PMID: 30513058 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2018.0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For safe laparoscopic gastrectomy, it is essential to secure a good visual field by employing liver retraction. We have developed a safe and easy method for liver retraction using a silicone disc, and evaluated its feasibility. METHODS We analyzed retrospectively 36 patients with gastric cancer, who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy employing liver retraction by a silicone disc and needle forceps (Silicone group) or by the Penrose drain method (Penrose group) between January 2013 and July 2016. The time needed for liver retraction, complications resulting from it, and postoperative liver dysfunction were compared between the two groups. RESULTS In all patients in both groups, the operation was performed successfully, obtaining an appropriate visual field. The mean time required for liver retraction was 633.8 ± 286.6 seconds in the Silicone group and 639.8 ± 328.6 seconds in the Penrose group (P = .954). Postoperative elevation of either aspartate transaminase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was recognized in 13 (72.2%) of the Silicone group patients and 18 (100%) of the Penrose group patients (P = .0160). The mean AST and ALT levels in the Silicone group were significantly lower than those in the Penrose group on postoperative days 0, 1, and 3. Among intraoperative complications related to liver retraction, hemorrhage from the abdominal wall occurred in one Silicone group case and hemorrhage from liver occurred in one Penrose group case. CONCLUSION Liver retraction using a silicone disc and needle forceps in laparoscopic gastrectomy is easy and safe, offering a good visual field and a reduced degree of liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Hachiya
- Department of Gastroenterological, General, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata City, Japan
| | - Tamie Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological, General, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata City, Japan
| | - Makoto Toda
- Department of Gastroenterological, General, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata City, Japan
| | - Wataru Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterological, General, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata City, Japan
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Ushimaru Y, Omori T, Fujiwara Y, Shishido Y, Yanagimoto Y, Sugimura K, Yamamoto K, Moon JH, Miyata H, Ohue M, Yano M. A novel liver retraction method in laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Surg Endosc 2018; 33:1828-1836. [PMID: 30284022 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-018-6461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retracting the lateral liver segment during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is important for achieving an optimal surgical field. However, excessive force may injure the liver, causing temporary abnormalities of liver function tests after laparoscopic surgery. We developed a new liver retraction method and assessed its safety and utility. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed records in our surgical database of consecutive surgical patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. We divided the 229 patients into two groups based on the liver retraction method used, either flexible liver retraction with clipping and suturing (FLICS) or the Nathanson retractor (NR). One-to-one propensity score matching was performed to match patients, resulting in the records of 53 pairs of cases extracted from the database. Operative and postoperative outcomes were assessed, including following the values of serum liver enzymes, total bilirubin, and C-reactive protein until postoperative day 30. RESULTS There were no significant differences in patient characteristics or preoperative data in the two groups. The retraction method was not changed intraoperatively for any patients. The operative time was significantly shorter in the FLICS group, but the amount of bleeding did not differ. Liver injury was not observed as a result of liver retraction during surgery. In both groups, serum liver enzymes temporarily increased after surgery but improved rapidly thereafter. The postoperative increases in aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and C-reactive protein levels were significantly lower in the FLICS than in the NR group. No serious complications associated with liver retraction were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS Our new liver retraction technique provided an optimal surgical field without inducing liver dysfunction. It is a simple, safe, and effective liver retraction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ushimaru
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Ohtemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Takeshi Omori
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Ohtemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Ohtemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yuji Shishido
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Ohtemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Yanagimoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Ohtemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Keijirou Sugimura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Ohtemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Ohtemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Jeong-Ho Moon
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Ohtemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Ohtemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Ohtemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Masahiko Yano
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Ohtemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
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Nishigori T, Tsunoda S, Okabe H, Tanaka E, Hisamori S, Hosogi H, Shinohara H, Sakai Y. Impact of Sarcopenic Obesity on Surgical Site Infection after Laparoscopic Total Gastrectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:524-531. [PMID: 27380646 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The critical risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) after laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) remain unclear. We analyzed the association between body composition and SSI after LTG. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of patients with gastric cancer who underwent LTG between March 2006 and October 2014 at Kyoto University Hospital, Japan. Visceral fat area and skeletal muscle mass were assessed from preoperative computed tomography scans to define sarcopenia and obesity. Patients were classified into one of four body composition categories according to the presence or absence of sarcopenia or obesity. The incidence of SSI was compared between the four body composition categories. RESULTS Of the 157 eligible patients, 45 (24 %) fulfilled the criteria for sarcopenic obesity, 28 (18 %) for nonsarcopenic obesity, 52 (33 %) for sarcopenic nonobesity, and 32 (20 %) for nonsarcopenic nonobesity. Thirty-two patients developed SSI (overall incidence rate, 20 %). The incidence of SSI in each body composition category was 33, 25, 13, and 9 %, respectively (P = 0.03). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only sarcopenic obesity was associated with an increased incidence of SSI (odds ratio 4.59, 95 % confidence interval 1.18-17.78, P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenic obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of SSI after LTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuto Nishigori
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tsunoda
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Okabe
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Otsu Municipal Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Hisamori
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Hosogi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shinohara
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Yoshikawa K, Shimada M, Higashijima J, Nakao T, Nishi M, Takasu C, Kashihara H, Eto S. Combined liver mobilization and retraction: A novel technique to obtain the optimal surgical field during laparoscopic total gastrectomy. Asian J Endosc Surg 2016; 9:111-5. [PMID: 26679094 DOI: 10.1111/ases.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During laparoscopic gastrectomy, it is important to establish a good operative field and ensure an adequate working space. The combined liver mobilization and retraction method is used to get a safe and optimal view. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 32 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The patients were divided into two groups: the mobilization (+) group (n = 12) and the mobilization (-) group (n = 20). Hepatic function tests were performed in all patients. RESULTS Mobilization provided a satisfactory view of the working field, especially the gastroesophageal junction and the angle of His during laparoscopic total gastrectomy, and no complications were observed during liver retraction. On postoperative hepatic function testing, there was no significant difference between the two groups on any day. CONCLUSIONS Combined liver mobilization and retraction may be helpful in laparoscopic total gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Yoshikawa
- The Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- The Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jun Higashijima
- The Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakao
- The Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishi
- The Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chie Takasu
- The Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideya Kashihara
- The Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Syohei Eto
- The Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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21
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Torre RDL, Scott JS, Cole E. A suture-based liver retraction method for laparoscopic bariatric procedures: results from a large case series. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2015; 11:1377-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Kitajima T, Shinohara H, Haruta S, Momose K, Ueno M, Udagawa H. Prevention of transient liver damage after laparoscopic gastrectomy via modification of the liver retraction technique using the Nathanson liver retractor. Asian J Endosc Surg 2015; 8:413-8. [PMID: 26042554 DOI: 10.1111/ases.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although laparoscopic radical gastrectomy has several advantages over conventional surgery, postoperative liver dysfunction is an unwanted complication. The major cause is considered to be use of mechanical liver retraction. To prevent liver damage after laparoscopic gastrectomy, we modified the liver retraction method: the retractor was used only after lymph node dissection along the greater curvature had been completed, and it was released before reconstruction and intermittent repositioning to avoid discoloration of the liver parenchyma. This study sought to determine whether postoperative liver dysfunction could be prevented by making these simple modifications. METHODS In this retrospective study involving 114 laparoscopic gastrectomy patients, postoperative serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin levels were compared between laparoscopic gastrectomy patients who had undergone the modified procedure and those who had not. Discoloration of the liver was classified into three groups just before the retractor was released at the end of surgery. RESULTS Aspartate aminotransferase and ALT levels on postoperative days 1 and 2 and the proportion of patients with elevated aspartate aminotransferase or ALT levels on postoperative day 1 were significantly lower after the modifications. ALT level on postoperative day 1 was significantly higher in the subgroup with broad liver discoloration. CONCLUSIONS Reducing the duration of liver retraction and moving the position of the retractor or releasing it intermittently before discoloration of the liver parenchyma may be effective for preventing postoperative liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kitajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shinohara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shusuke Haruta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Momose
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harushi Udagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Short-term outcomes of totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy: experience with the first consecutive 112 cases. World J Surg 2015; 38:2662-7. [PMID: 24838484 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-014-2611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although laparoscopic distal gastrectomy has become a viable treatment option for gastric cancer, laparoscopic total gastrectomy remains in limited use. PURPOSE The present study was designed to evaluate the short-term outcomes of totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG). METHODS The records of 112 consecutive patients who underwent TLTG for gastric cancer between September 2006 and November 2012 were reviewed, and surgical outcomes were retrospectively investigated. RESULTS Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was given to 21 patients (18.8 %). The degree of lymphadenectomy was D1+ in 83 patients (74.1 %) and D2 in 29 (25.9 %). The operation time was 359 min, median intraoperative blood loss was 85 ml, and median total number of harvested lymph nodes was 64. Grade II or higher postoperative complications developed in 25 patients (22.3 %). On univariate analysis, pathologic stages IB to IV (versus stage IA) overlapped esophagojejunostomy (versus functional end-to-end esophagojejunostomy) and operation time >360 min (versus ≤360 min) were related to postoperative morbidity. In the multivariate analysis, operative time and pathologic stage were independent risk factors for postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS TLTG is feasible and can be performed with acceptable postoperative morbidity. A longer operating time and more advanced pathologic stage were significantly associated with higher postoperative morbidity.
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24
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Kim DG, Kim HI, Guner A, Cho I, Kwon IG, Choi YY, Shin HB, Hyung WJ. Liver Retraction by Double-Sling Suture for Laparoscopic Gastrectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2015; 25:112-6. [DOI: 10.1089/lap.2014.0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deok Gie Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Robot and Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ali Guner
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of General Surgery, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - In Cho
- Department of Surgery, International St. Mary's Hospital, Inchon, South Korea
| | - In Gyu Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yoon Young Choi
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Baek Shin
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Hyung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Robot and Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Yasumoto A, Matsumura N, Nomura R, Tokumura H. Penrose drain guided insertion of a laparoscopic Nathanson liver retractor. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2014; 97:80. [PMID: 25519282 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2015.97.1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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26
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Association between duration of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery and hepatic injury: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104067. [PMID: 25110982 PMCID: PMC4128655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to accurately assess whether the duration of intraoperative carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum (CDP) is associated with the induction of hepatic injury. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases (through February 2014) to identify case-match studies that compared high-pressure CDP with low-pressure CDP or varied the duration of CDP in patients who underwent abdominal surgery. The outcome of interest was postoperative liver function (ALT, AST, TB). RESULTS Eleven comparative studies involving 2,235 participants were included. Overall, levels of ALT, AST, and TB (on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7) were significantly elevated in the study groups. However, the results of the subanalyses of those who underwent laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection (LCR) versus open colorectal cancer resection (OCR) and those who underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGBP) versus open gastric bypass (OGBP) were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence suggests that the duration of CDP during laparoscopic abdominal surgery may be associated with hepatic injury. Additional large-scale, randomized, controlled trials are urgently needed to further confirm this.
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27
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Orr K, Williams M. MDCT of retractor-related hepatic injury following laparoscopic surgery: Appearances, incidence, and follow-up. Clin Radiol 2014; 69:606-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Shimizu H, Batayyah E, Rogula T. Clinical Experience with a Port-Free Internal Liver Retractor in Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2014; 24:478-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-013-1174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Steele PRC, Curran JF, Mountain RE. Current and future practices in surgical retraction. Surgeon 2013; 11:330-7. [PMID: 23932799 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Retraction of tissues and anatomical structures is an essential component of all forms of surgery. The means by which operative access is gained through retraction are many and diverse. In this article, the various forms of retraction methods currently available are reviewed, with special reference to hand held, self-retaining and compliant techniques. The special challenges posed by laparoscopic surgery are considered and future developments in new retraction techniques are anticipated.
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