1
|
Sugano K, Spechler SJ, El-Omar EM, McColl KEL, Takubo K, Gotoda T, Fujishiro M, Iijima K, Inoue H, Kawai T, Kinoshita Y, Miwa H, Mukaisho KI, Murakami K, Seto Y, Tajiri H, Bhatia S, Choi MG, Fitzgerald RC, Fock KM, Goh KL, Ho KY, Mahachai V, O'Donovan M, Odze R, Peek R, Rugge M, Sharma P, Sollano JD, Vieth M, Wu J, Wu MS, Zou D, Kaminishi M, Malfertheiner P. Kyoto international consensus report on anatomy, pathophysiology and clinical significance of the gastro-oesophageal junction. Gut 2022; 71:1488-1514. [PMID: 35725291 PMCID: PMC9279854 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An international meeting was organised to develop consensus on (1) the landmarks to define the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ), (2) the occurrence and pathophysiological significance of the cardiac gland, (3) the definition of the gastro-oesophageal junctional zone (GOJZ) and (4) the causes of inflammation, metaplasia and neoplasia occurring in the GOJZ. DESIGN Clinical questions relevant to the afore-mentioned major issues were drafted for which expert panels formulated relevant statements and textural explanations.A Delphi method using an anonymous system was employed to develop the consensus, the level of which was predefined as ≥80% of agreement. Two rounds of voting and amendments were completed before the meeting at which clinical questions and consensus were finalised. RESULTS Twenty eight clinical questions and statements were finalised after extensive amendments. Critical consensus was achieved: (1) definition for the GOJ, (2) definition of the GOJZ spanning 1 cm proximal and distal to the GOJ as defined by the end of palisade vessels was accepted based on the anatomical distribution of cardiac type gland, (3) chemical and bacterial (Helicobacter pylori) factors as the primary causes of inflammation, metaplasia and neoplasia occurring in the GOJZ, (4) a new definition of Barrett's oesophagus (BO). CONCLUSIONS This international consensus on the new definitions of BO, GOJ and the GOJZ will be instrumental in future studies aiming to resolve many issues on this important anatomic area and hopefully will lead to better classification and management of the diseases surrounding the GOJ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Sugano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Stuart Jon Spechler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Emad M El-Omar
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George & Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth E L McColl
- Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kaiyo Takubo
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Gotoda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Inoue
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroto Miwa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Mukaisho
- Education Center for Medicine and Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yuhu, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisao Tajiri
- Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Myung-Gyu Choi
- Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kwong Ming Fock
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Duke NUS School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Khek Yu Ho
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Varocha Mahachai
- Center of Excellence in Digestive Diseases, Thammasat University and Science Resarch and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maria O'Donovan
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust UK, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Odze
- Department of Pathology, Tuft University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard Peek
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jose D Sollano
- Department of Medicine, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Nurenberg, Germany
| | - Justin Wu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duowu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Medizinixhe Klinik und Poliklinik II, Ludwig Maximillian University Klinikum, Munich, Germany
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Ludwig Maximillian University Klinikum, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Hippo signaling effector WWTR1 is a metastatic biomarker of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:74. [PMID: 30976198 PMCID: PMC6439973 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) is an aggressive subtype of gastric cancer with a high metastatic rate. However, the metastatic biomarker of GCA has not been established. Methods To search for the biomarker for GCA metastasis, we here examined expression of the Hippo signaling effector WWTR1 (WW domain containing transcription regulator 1, commonly listed as TAZ) in tumor tissue samples from 214 GCA cases using the tissue microarray assay (TMA), and statistically analyzed association of the WWTR1 expression with metastasis-related pathological outcomes and cumulative survival of the GCA patients. Furthermore, shRNA knockdown was used to determine the role of WWTR1 in promoting cell migration in gastric cancer cells. Results The results have shown that WWTR1 is overexpressed in 66.4% of the GCA tumor samples. Expression of WWTR1 has a significant inverse correlation with cumulative survival of GCA patients (p < 0.01). WWTR1 positive patients had a mean survival of 56.9 ± 4.4 months, comparing to WWTR1 negative mean survival of 77.3 ± 5.9 months. More importantly, expression of WWTR1 significantly associated with tumor invasion and metastasis (in T stage, p = 0.031; N stage, p < 0.01; and TNM stage, p < 0.001). Furthermore, knockdown of WWTR1 impaired migration of gastric cancer AGS cells. Conclusions Our studies have identified WWTR1 as a metastatic biomarker of GCA for poor prognosis, defined a role of WWTR1 in driving metastasis of gastric cancer, and suggested WWTR1 as a potential target for anti-metastatic therapy of GCA.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Zhang H, Zhou X, Wang T, Zhang J, Zhu W, Zhu H, Cheng W. Five serum-based miRNAs were identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2019; 23:193-203. [PMID: 30198863 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated as novel biomarkers for various types of cancers. The aim of the study is to identify serum miRNAs with potential in detecting gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA). METHODS A three-phase study was designed with 102 GCA patients and 84 cancer-free controls. In the screening phase (3 GCA pools vs. 1 normal control (NC) pool), a total of 35 miRNAs were identified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) based Exiqon panel. Subsequently, these miRNAs were further assessed by qRT-PCR in the training phase (30 GCAs vs. 30 NCs) and testing phase (72 GCAs vs. 54 NCs). Finally, the expression levels of the identified miRNAs were assessed in GCA tissues and exosomes. RESULTS Five up-regulated miRNAs (miR-200a-3p, miR-296-5p, miR-132-3p, miR-485-3p and miR-22-5p) were identified in serum of the GCA patients compared with NCs. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) of the five-miRNA panel were 0.766 and 0.724 for the training and testing phases, respectively. In addition, miR-200a-3p, miR-296-5p, miR-485-3p and miR-22-5p were significantly up-regulated in GCA tissues. However, none of the miRNAs in the exosomes showed different expression between GCA patients and NCs. CONCLUSIONS We identified a five-miRNA panel in peripheral serum samples as a non-invasive biomarker in detection of GCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongshan Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - JinYing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenfang Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wei J, Yu G, Shao G, Sun A, Chen M, Yang W, Lin Q. CYR61 (CCN1) is a metastatic biomarker of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:31067-78. [PMID: 27105510 PMCID: PMC5058739 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) is the most aggressive subtype of gastric cancer with a high metastatic rate. In this report, we collected tumor tissue samples from 214 GCA cases and examined expression of CYR61, a target gene product of the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway, in the GCA tumors by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining using the tissue microarray assay (TMA). The results have shown that CYR61 is overexpressed in 44% of the GCA tumor samples. Expression of CYR61 is inversely correlated with cumulative survival of GCA patients (p<0.001) and significantly associated only with metastatic pathological categories (with N category, p=0.052; with TNM stage, p=0.001). Furthermore, knockdown of CYR61 in gastric cancer AGS cells impairs the cancer cell migration and invasion, suggesting a driver role of CYR61 in metastasis. Thus, our studies have established CYR61 as a metastatic biomarker for prediction of poor prognosis of GCA and provided a potential molecular target for anti-metastatic therapy of GCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Genbao Shao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiqin Sun
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,The Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wannian Yang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiong Lin
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lordick F, Janjigian YY. Clinical impact of tumour biology in the management of gastroesophageal cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2016; 13:348-60. [PMID: 26925958 PMCID: PMC5521012 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of oesophageal and gastric cancer into subtypes based on genotype has evolved in the past decade. Insights into the molecular landscapes of gastroesophageal cancer provide a roadmap to assist the development of new drugs and their use in combinations, for patient stratification, and for trials of targeted therapies. Trastuzumab is the only approved treatment for gastroesophageal cancers that overexpress HER2. Acquired resistance usually limits the duration of response to this treatment, although a number of new agents directed against HER2 have the potential to overcome or prolong the time until resistance occurs. Beyond that, anti-VEGFR2 therapy with ramucirumab was the first biological treatment strategy to produce a survival benefit in an unselected population of patients with chemotherapy-refractory gastroesophageal cancer. Large initiatives are starting to address the role of biomarker-driven targeted therapy in the metastatic and in the perioperative setting for patients with this disease. Immunotherapy also holds promise, and our understanding of subsets of gastroesophageal cancer based on patterns of immune response continues to evolve. Efforts are underway to identify more relevant genomic subsets through genomic screening, functional studies, and molecular characterization. Herein, we provide an overview of the key developments in the treatment of gastroesophageal cancer, and discuss potential strategies to further optimize therapy by targeting disease subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Medicine Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20 D, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yelena Y Janjigian
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ishida M, Kagawa S, Shimoyama K, Takehara K, Noma K, Tanabe S, Shirakawa Y, Tazawa H, Kobayashi H, Fujiwara T. Trastuzumab-Based Photoimmunotherapy Integrated with Viral HER2 Transduction Inhibits Peritoneally Disseminated HER2-Negative Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:402-11. [PMID: 26832799 PMCID: PMC4783182 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination is the most frequent metastasis in gastric cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. The lack of particular target antigens in gastric cancer other than HER2 has hampered the development of treatments for peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer. We hypothesized that HER2-extracellular domain (HER2-ECD) gene transduction combined with trastuzumab-based photoimmunotherapy (PIT) might provide excellent and selective antitumor effects for peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer. In vitro, adenovirus/HER2-ECD (Ad/HER2-ECD) efficiently transduced HER2-ECD into HER2-negative gastric cancer cells. Trastuzumab-IR700 (Tra-IR700)-mediated PIT induced selective cell death of HER2-ECD-transduced tumor cells. Ad/HER2-ECD also induced homogenous expression of HER2 in heterogeneous gastric cancer cells, resulting in uniform sensitivity of the cells to Tra-IR700-mediated PIT. Anti-HER2 PIT integrated with adenoviral HER2-ECD gene transfer was applied in mice bearing peritoneal dissemination of HER2-negative gastric cancer. Intraperitoneal administration of Ad/HER2-ECD and Tra-IR700 with PIT inhibited peritoneal metastasis and prolonged the survival of mice bearing MKN45. Furthermore, minimal side effects allowed the integrated therapy to be used repeatedly, providing better control of peritoneal dissemination. In conclusion, the novel therapy of molecular-targeted PIT integrated with gene transfer technology is a promising approach for the treatment of peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Ishida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Shimoyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Noma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shirakawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tazawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|