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Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on post-hepatectomy regeneration for patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis - Systematic review and meta-analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:533-541. [PMID: 36631347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, there is still debate on the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NeoChem) on liver regeneration (LivReg). The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of NeoChem and its characteristics (addition of bevacizumab, number of cycles and time from end of NeoChem) on post-hepatectomy LivReg. MATERIAL & METHODS Studies reporting LivReg in patients submitted to liver resection were included. Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched. Only studies comparing NeoChem vs no chemotherapy or comparing chemotherapy characteristics from 1990 to present were included. Two researchers individually screened the identified records registered in a predesigned database. Primary outcome was future liver remnant regeneration rate (FLR3). Bias of the studies was evaluated with the ROBINS-I tool, and quality of evidence with the GRADE system. Data was presented as mean difference or standard mean difference. RESULTS Eight studies with a total of 681 patients were selected. Seven were retrospective and one prospective comparative cohort studies. In patients submitted to major hepatectomy, NeoChem did not have an impact on LivReg (MD 3.12, 95% CI -2,12-8.36, p 0,24). Adding bevacizumab to standard NeoChem was associated with better FLR3 (SMD 0.45, 95% CI 0.19-0.71, p 0.0006). DISCUSSION The main drawback of this review is the retrospective nature of the available studies. NeoChem does not have a negative impact on postoperative LivReg in patients submitted to liver resection. Regimens with bevacizumab seem to be associated with better postoperative LivReg rates when compared to standard NeoChem.
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Pavel MC, Casanova R, Estalella L, Memba R, Llàcer-Millán E, Achalandabaso M, Julià E, Geoghegan J, Jorba R. The effect of preoperative chemotherapy on liver regeneration after portal vein embolization/ligation or liver resection in patients with colorectal liver metastasis: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2020; 9:279. [PMID: 33276812 PMCID: PMC7718667 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01545-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver resection (LR) in patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer remains the only curative treatment. Perioperative chemotherapy improves prognosis of these patients. However, there are concerns regarding the effect of preoperative chemotherapy on liver regeneration, which is a key event in avoiding liver failure after LR. The primary objective of this systematic review is to assess the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on liver regeneration after (LR) or portal vein embolization (PVE) in patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. The secondary objectives are to evaluate the impact of the type of chemotherapy, number of cycles, and time between end of treatment and procedure (LR or PVE) and to investigate whether there is an association between degree of hypertrophy and postoperative liver failure. METHODS This meta-analysis will include studies reporting liver regeneration rates in patients submitted to LR or PVE. Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases will be searched. Only studies comparing neoadjuvant vs no chemotherapy, or comparing chemotherapy characteristics (bevacizumab administration, number of cycles, and time from finishing chemotherapy until intervention), will be included. We will select studies from 1990 to present. Two researchers will individually screen the identified records, according to a list of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary outcome will be future liver remnant regeneration rate. Bias of the studies will be evaluated with the ROBINS-I tool, and quality of evidence for all outcomes will be determined with the GRADE system. The data will be registered in a predesigned database. If selected studies are sufficiently homogeneous, we will perform a meta-analysis of reported results. In the event of a substantial heterogeneity, a qualitative systematic review will be performed. DISCUSSION The results of this systematic review may help to better identify the patients affected by liver metastasis that could present low regeneration rates after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These patients are at risk to develop liver failure after extended hepatectomies and therefore are not good candidates for such aggressive procedures. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020178481 (July 5, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai-Calin Pavel
- HPB Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, C/ Dr. Mallafrè Guasch, 4, 43005, Tarragona, Spain. .,Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - Raquel Casanova
- HPB Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, C/ Dr. Mallafrè Guasch, 4, 43005, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laia Estalella
- HPB Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, C/ Dr. Mallafrè Guasch, 4, 43005, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Robert Memba
- HPB Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, C/ Dr. Mallafrè Guasch, 4, 43005, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Erik Llàcer-Millán
- HPB Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, C/ Dr. Mallafrè Guasch, 4, 43005, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Mar Achalandabaso
- HPB Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, C/ Dr. Mallafrè Guasch, 4, 43005, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Julià
- HPB Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, C/ Dr. Mallafrè Guasch, 4, 43005, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Justin Geoghegan
- HPB and Liver Transplant Surgery Department, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosa Jorba
- HPB Unit, Department of General Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, C/ Dr. Mallafrè Guasch, 4, 43005, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Maeda T, Yokoyama Y, Ebata T, Igami T, Mizuno T, Yamaguchi J, Onoe S, Ando M, Nagino M. Discrepancy between volume and functional recovery in early phase liver regeneration following extended hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection. Hepatol Res 2019; 49:1227-1235. [PMID: 31117157 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the clinical factors having an impact on liver regeneration rate following preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) and subsequent extended hepatectomy. The correlation between liver volume and functional recovery after extended hepatectomy was also investigated. METHODS Records of patients who underwent extended hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection following PVE for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma were reviewed retrospectively with attention to liver regeneration. All patients underwent computed tomography before PVE, after PVE (immediately before surgery), and on postoperative day (POD) 7. The kinetic growth rate (KGR) was calculated as the percent increase in liver volume relative to the future liver remnant volume per day after PVE (KGRPVE ) and after POD 7 (KGRPOD7 ) using the computed tomography images before PVE, after PVE, and on POD 7. RESULTS In the 289 study patients, the median of KGRPVE was 1.35%/day whereas that of KGRPOD7 was 5.56%/day. The extent of liver resection had the greatest impact on both KGRPVE and KGRPOD7 and the impacts of other factors were less. There was a significant negative correlation between KGRPVE and KGRPOD7 (P = 0.002). No correlations were observed between KGRPVE or KGRPOD7 and serum total bilirubin and prothrombin time - international normalized ratio on POD 7, nor in the incidence of liver failure after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Early phase liver regeneration after extended hepatectomy was largely influenced by the extent of liver resection and showed no correlation with the indices of liver failure. There was a discrepancy between volume and functional recovery in early phase liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Maeda
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yukihiro Yokoyama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomoki Ebata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tsuyoshi Igami
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Mizuno
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Junpei Yamaguchi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shunsuke Onoe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masahiko Ando
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Nagino
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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Kim JE, Kim JH, Park SJ, Choi SY, Yi NJ, Han JK. Prediction of liver remnant regeneration after living donor liver transplantation using preoperative CT texture analysis. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44:1785-1794. [PMID: 30612157 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-01892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To predict the rate of liver regeneration after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) using pre-operative computed tomography (CT) texture analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 112 living donors who performed right hepatectomy for LDLT were included retrospectively. We measured the volume of future remnant liver (FLR) on pre-operative CT and the volume of remnant liver (LR) on follow-up CT, taken at a median of 123 days after transplantation. The regeneration index (RI) was calculated using the following equation: [Formula: see text]. Computerized texture analysis of the semi-automatically segmented FLR was performed. We used a stepwise, multivariable linear regression to assess associations of clinical features and texture parameters in relation to RI and to make the best-fit predictive model. RESULTS The mean RI was 110.7 ± 37.8%, highly variable ranging from 22.4% to 247.0%. Among texture parameters, volume of FLR, standard deviation, variance, and gray level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM) contrast were found to have significant correlations between RI. In multivariable analysis, smaller volume of FLR (ß - 0.17, 95% CI - 0.22 to - 0.13) and lower GLCM contrast (ß - 1.87, 95% CI - 3.64 to - 0.10) were associated with higher RI. The regression equation predicting RI was following: RI = 203.82 + 10.42 × pre-operative serum total bilirubin (mg/dL) - 0.17 × VFLR (cm3) - 1.87 × GLCM contrast (× 100). CONCLUSION Volume of FLR and GLCM contrast were independent predictors of RI, showing significant negative correlations. Pre-operative CT with texture analysis can be useful for predicting the rate of liver regeneration in living donor of liver transplantation.
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Yamaguchi T, Kokudo T, Akamatsu N, Kaneko J, Arita J, Sakamoto Y, Kokudo N, Hasegawa K. Liver Regeneration is Preserved After At Least Four Repeated Liver Resections for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. World J Surg 2019; 42:4070-4080. [PMID: 29947985 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-018-4714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Repeated resection is known to prolong survival, with an acceptable morbidity rate, in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. However, little is known about the effect of repeated liver resection on postoperative liver regeneration and liver function. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of repeated liver resections on the postoperative liver regeneration rate and liver function. METHODS A total of 71 patients, who had undergone more than three liver resections for hepatocellular carcinoma between May 2001 and December 2013 at a tertiary care hospital in Japan, were included in the analysis. Among them, CT-volumetric data for the first, second, third, and fourth or more resections were available for 36, 49, 53, and 24 patients. We analyzed the regeneration index (RI) defined as the postoperative TLV/preoperative TLV × 100 was calculated after each operation to measure the degree of regeneration. Liver function was evaluated using the indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (ICG-R15). RESULTS No significant differences in RI were observed among the first, second, and third or more liver resection groups. No significant difference in the ICG R15 value was seen between the first liver resection group and the second or more liver resection group (P = 0.75). However, a significant difference in the RI was observed when the 1 segmentectomy or less liver resection group (median [range] RI 98.1 [72.9-119.9]) was compared with the 2 or more segmentectomy group (median [range] RI 90.5 [62.6-113.6]) (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION The regeneration process is maintained after as many as four repeated resections. Patients with sustained liver function can safely undergo repeated liver resections for recurrences of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamune Yamaguchi
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kokudo
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Akamatsu
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Kaneko
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Arita
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakamoto
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Future Liver Remnant (FLR) Increase in Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases Is Highest the First Week After Portal Vein Occlusion : FLR Increase in Patients with CRLM Is Highest the First Week After PVO. J Gastrointest Surg 2019; 23:556-562. [PMID: 30465187 PMCID: PMC6414468 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-018-4031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portal vein occlusion (PVO) is an established method to increase the volume of the future liver remnant (FLR). The main reasons for not proceeding to radical hepatectomy are lack of volume increase and tumor progression due to a wait-time interval of up to 8 weeks. The hypothesis was that the increase in FLR volume is not linear and is largest during the first weeks. METHODS Patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) and standardized future liver remnant (sFLR) < 30% treated with PVO were prospectively included. All patients had at least one CT evaluation before radical hepatectomy. RESULTS Forty-eight patients were included. During the first week after PVO, the kinetic growth rate (KGR) was 5.4 (± 4), compared to 1.5 (± 2) between the first and second CT (p < 0.05). For patients reaching adequate FLR and therefore treated with radical hepatectomy, the KGR was 7 (± 4) the first week, compared to 4.3 (± 2) for patients who failed to reach a sufficient volume (p = 0.4). During the interval between the first and second CT, the KGR was 2.2 (± 2), respectively (± 0.1) (p = 0.017). DISCUSSION The increase in liver volume after PVO is largest during the first week. As KGR decreases over time, it is important to shorten the interval between PVO and the first volume evaluation; this may aid in decision-making and reduce unnecessary waiting time.
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Portal Vein Embolization Reduces Postoperative Hepatic Insufficiency Associated with Postchemotherapy Hepatic Atrophy. J Gastrointest Surg 2018; 22:60-67. [PMID: 28585106 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-017-3467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of postoperative hepatic insufficiency (PHI) is increased among patients with significant postchemotherapy hepatic atrophy. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether the liver regeneration stimulated by portal vein embolization (PVE) can protect against PHI. METHODS Clinicopathological features of 177 patients treated with preoperative chemotherapy followed by PVE and hepatectomy were reviewed. Degree of atrophy was defined as the ratio of percentage difference in total liver volume (estimated by manual volumetry) to standardized liver volume. Kinetic growth rate (KGR, degree of hypertrophy [absolute % change in future liver remnant volume] divided by the number of weeks after PVE) and PHI events were compared between patients with degree of atrophy <10 vs ≥10%. Risk factors for the PHI were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS Seventy patients (40%) experienced significant hepatic atrophy ≥10% following preoperative chemotherapy. PHI rates were not significantly increased in patients who experienced significant hepatic atrophy (5.6 vs 8.6%, P = 0.443). KGR <2%/week (odds ratio, 8.10, P = 0.037) was the sole independent preoperative predictor of PHI. KGR ≥2% was associated with decreased PHI in both patients with <10% atrophy (0 vs 9.5%, P = 0.035) and ≥10% atrophy (2.6 vs 16.0%, P = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS Even in high-risk patients with ≥10% degree of atrophy from preoperative chemotherapy, KGR ≥2% mitigates the deleterious effects of hepatic atrophy and significantly reduces PHI to almost zero. In these high-risk patients, PVE with KGR calculation remains the most important preoperative technique to reduce liver failure after major hepatectomy.
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Ibis C, Asenov Y, Akin M, Azamat IF, Sivrikoz N, Gurtekin B. Factors Affecting Liver Regeneration in Living Donors After Hepatectomy. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:5986-5993. [PMID: 29249797 PMCID: PMC5742996 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The safety of living liver donors is the paramount priority of liver transplantation surgeons. The liver has an effective regeneration capacity. The regeneration rate of the liver remnant in living liver donors provides much information useful in liver surgery. The outcome of the remnant liver after hepatectomy can be affected by many different perioperative factors. Material/Methods A total of 46 patients were enrolled in the study. Retrospective clinical data, including preoperative and postoperative early and late computed tomography liver volumetry measurements, estimated resection volumes, resected liver weights, and postoperative laboratory values, were statistically evaluated according to the liver resection type. Results No significant difference was detected in age, sex, calculated and computed tomography estimated total liver volume, intraoperative Hb decrease, postoperative complications, or postoperative portal vein flow rate. Postoperative liver enlargement rates were significant higher in the right hemihepatectomy (RHH) group than in the left lateral sectionectomy (LLS) group. The size of the liver remnant or graft has a major effect on regeneration rate. Postoperative biliary leakage did not have any significant effect on liver regeneration. No post-hepatectomy liver failure was detected among the liver donors. Conclusions Liver hypertrophy depends on the extent of liver resection. The cause of volume decrease in the LLS group after hepatectomy in our series appears to be the gradual atrophy of liver segment 4. RHH and LLS surgeries differ from each other in terms of resected liver volume, as well as inflammatory activity, and the latter appears to affect liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Ibis
- Department of General Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavor Asenov
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of Tsaritsa Joanna, Clinical Center of Gastroenterology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Melih Akin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hamidiye Sisli Etfal Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim F Azamat
- Department of General Surgery, Division of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nukhet Sivrikoz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basak Gurtekin
- Department of Biostatistics, Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Effect of Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Combined with Argon-Helium Cryosurgery System on the Changes of NK Cells and T Cell Subsets in Peripheral Blood of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 73:787-92. [PMID: 27259326 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-015-0699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive tumors in humans. T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells are the body's first line of defense to prevent tumor cell growth. Previous studies have demonstrated that transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with argon-helium cryosurgery system (AHCS) can effectively treat liver cancer. However, the mechanism of the treatment is unclear yet. In the current study, we investigated the effects of TACE combined with AHCS on the changes of T cell subsets and NK cells in peripheral blood of HCC. Our data show that alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in peripheral blood were significantly up-regulated in HCC patients before treatment when compared with healthy people and reduced after TACE combined with AHCS treatment (P < 0.01). In addition, we found that CD4+ cells and NK cells decreased (P < 0.05) and CD8+ cells increased (P < 0.05) in HCC patients when compared with healthy people. After treatment, the CD4+ cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and NK cells were dramatically increased in HCC patients (P < 0.05). In contrast, CD8+ cells were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). TACE combined with AHCS treatment significantly prolonged 1-year survival rate of HCC patients and did not show significant side effects. Taken together, our data indicate that TACE combined with AHCS treatment improves patients' immune system. It is a feasible and effective therapeutic method for HCC patients.
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Hasselgren K, Malagò M, Vyas S, Campos RR, Brusadin R, Linecker M, Petrowsky H, Clavien PA, Machado MA, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Wanis K, Valter L, Sandström P, Björnsson B. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not affect future liver remnant growth and outcomes of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy. Surgery 2017; 161:1255-1265. [PMID: 28081953 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The only potentially curative treatment for patients with colorectal liver metastases is hepatectomy. Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy has emerged as a method of treatment for patients with inadequate future liver remnant. One concern about associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy is that preoperative chemotherapy may negatively affect the volume increase of the future liver remnant and outcomes. METHODS This study from the International Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy Registry (NCT01924741) includes 442 patients with colorectal liver metastases registered from 2012-2016. Future liver remnant hypertrophy (absolute increase, percent increase, and kinetic growth rate) and clinical outcome were analyzed retrospectively in relation to type and amount of chemotherapy. The analyzed groups included patients with no chemotherapy, 1 regimen of chemotherapy, >1 regimen, and a group that received monoclonal antibodies in addition to chemotherapy. RESULTS Ninety percent of the patients received neoadjuvant oncologic therapy including 42% with 1 regimen of chemotherapy, 44% with monoclonal antibodies, and 4% with >1 regimen. Future liver remnant increased between 74-92% with the largest increase in the group with 1 regimen of chemotherapy. The increase in milliliters was between 241 mL (>1 regimen) and 306 mL (1 regimen). Kinetic growth rate was between 14-18% per week and was greatest for the group with 1 regimen of chemotherapy. No statistical significance was found between the groups with any of the measurements of future liver remnant hypertrophy. CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including monoclonal antibodies, does not negatively affect future liver remnant growth. Patients with colorectal liver metastases who might be potential candidates for associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy should be considered for neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Hasselgren
- Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Massimo Malagò
- Department of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soumil Vyas
- Department of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Robles Campos
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Transplant Unit, Virgen De La Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Roberto Brusadin
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Transplant Unit, Virgen De La Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Michael Linecker
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepatopancreaticobiliary and Transplant Center Zürich, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Petrowsky
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepatopancreaticobiliary and Transplant Center Zürich, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Alain Clavien
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss Hepatopancreaticobiliary and Transplant Center Zürich, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Kerollos Wanis
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lars Valter
- Research and Development Unit in Local Healthcare, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Sandström
- Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bergthor Björnsson
- Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Simoneau E, Alanazi R, Alshenaifi J, Molla N, Aljiffry M, Medkhali A, Boucher LM, Asselah J, Metrakos P, Hassanain M. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not impair liver regeneration following hepatectomy or portal vein embolization for colorectal cancer liver metastases. J Surg Oncol 2016; 113:449-55. [PMID: 26955907 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Treatment strategies for colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) such as major hepatectomy and portal vein embolization (PVE) rely on liver regeneration. We aim to investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on liver regeneration occurring after PVE and after major hepatectomy. METHODS CRCLM patients undergoing PVE or major resection were identified retrospectively from our database. Liver regeneration data (expressed as future liver remnant [FLR] and percentage of liver regeneration [%LR]), total liver volume (TLV) and clinical characteristics were collected. RESULTS Between 2003 and 2013, 226 patients were included (85 major resection, 141 PVE). The median chemotherapy cycles was six in both groups. The median time interval between the last chemotherapy and the intervention was 51 days in the PVE group and 79 days in the hepatectomy group. In the PVE group, chemotherapy was not associated with altered liver regeneration (number of cycles [P = 0.435], timing [P = 0.563], or chemotherapy agent [P = 0.116]). Similarly in the major hepatectomy group, preoperative chemotherapy (number of cycles [P = 0.114]; agent [P = 0.061], timing [P = 0.126]) were not significantly associated with differences in liver regeneration (P = 0.592). In both groups, the predicted FLR% was inversely correlated with the %LR (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Chemotherapy does not affect liver regeneration following PVE or major resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:449-455. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Simoneau
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Reema Alanazi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumanah Alshenaifi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouran Molla
- Department of Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Murad Aljiffry
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Medkhali
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jamil Asselah
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Peter Metrakos
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mazen Hassanain
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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12
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Russolillo N, Ratti F, Viganò L, Langella S, Cipriani F, Aldrighetti L, Ferrero A. The Influence of Aging on Hepatic Regeneration and Early Outcome after Portal Vein Occlusion: A Case-Control Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22:4046-51. [PMID: 25758189 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portal vein occlusion (PVO) is used to increase inadequate future liver remnant volume (FLRV). Impaired liver regeneration has been reported in aged animals. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of patient age on hepatic regeneration. METHODS Sixty patients aged ≥70 years were matched 1:1 with 60 patients aged <70 years. Matching criteria were sex, diabetes, cirrhosis, pre-PVO chemotherapy and bevacizumab administration, and jaundice. RESULTS The median ages in the older and younger groups were 76 (range 70-83) years and 59 (range 20-69) years, respectively (p < 0.001). Median FLRV following PVO (33.1 ± 6.8 vs. 31.9 ± 6.0 %) and volumetric increase (0.52 ± 0.35 vs. 0.49 ± 0.34) were similar in the two groups. Of the older and younger patients, 10 % and 1.7 %, respectively, did not undergo liver surgery after PVO (p = 0.051). Mortality (5.5 vs. 6.7 %) and major morbidity (25.9.8 vs. 22 %) rates were similar. Liver failure rate was higher in older patients (35.1 vs. 16.9 %, p < 0.026), mainly due to Grade A liver failure (20.3 vs. 8.4 %, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥ 70 years [odds ratio (OR) 3.03; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.18-7.78; p = 0.020] and biliary cancer diagnosis (OR 4.69; 95 % CI 1.81-12.09; p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for postoperative liver failure. CONCLUSIONS Liver regeneration after PVO is not impaired by age. Nevertheless, liver resection in elderly patients is performed less often after PVO and carries a higher risk of liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Russolillo
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Ospedale Mauriziano "Umberto I", Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ratti
- Liver Unit, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Viganò
- Liver Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Langella
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Ospedale Mauriziano "Umberto I", Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Cipriani
- Liver Unit, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Aldrighetti
- Liver Unit, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ferrero
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Ospedale Mauriziano "Umberto I", Turin, Italy
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