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Klein-Weigel PF, Elitok S, Ruttloff A, Reinhold S, Nielitz J, Steindl J, Hillner B, Rehmenklau-Bremer L, Wrase C, Fuchs H, Herold T, Beyer L. Superior vena cava syndrome. VASA 2020; 49:437-448. [PMID: 33103626 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is caused by compression, invasion, and/or thrombosis of the superior vena cava and/or the brachiocephalic veins. Benign SVCS is separated from malignant SVCS. SVCS comprises a broad clinical spectrum reaching from asymptomatic cases to rare life-threatening emergencies with upper airway obstruction and increased intracranial pressure. Symptoms are correlated to the acuity and extent of the venous obstruction and inversely correlated to the development of the venous collateral circuits. Imaging is necessary to determine the exact underlying cause and to guide further interventions. Interventional therapy has widely changed the therapeutic approach in symptomatic patients. This article provides an overview over this complex syndrome and focuses on interventional therapeutic methods and results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Franz Klein-Weigel
- Clinic for Angiology, Interdisciplinary Center of Vascular Medecine, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Saban Elitok
- Clinic for Nephrology, Endokrinology/Diabetology, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Ruttloff
- Clinic for Angiology, Interdisciplinary Center of Vascular Medecine, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sabine Reinhold
- Clinic for Angiology, Interdisciplinary Center of Vascular Medecine, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jessika Nielitz
- Clinic for Angiology, Interdisciplinary Center of Vascular Medecine, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Julia Steindl
- Clinic for Angiology, Interdisciplinary Center of Vascular Medecine, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian Wrase
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heiko Fuchs
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Herold
- Radiology, Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Beyer
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Perdikakis E, Tzortzis V, Fezoulidis I, Rountas C. Intravascular Ultrasound for Evaluation of Left Gonadal Vein Anatomic Variations During Coil Embolization. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2019; 38:1619-1627. [PMID: 30244482 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We illustrate the intravascular ultrasound (US) findings in the evaluation of left gonadal vein anatomic variations. During a 2-year period, 4 consecutive patients (mean age, 37 years; range, 28-45 years) with left-sided varicocele underwent embolization. Intravascular US examinations and retrograde venography were performed to assess varicocele anatomy. Anatomic variants were recorded and categorized. A comparison between intravascular US and fluoroscopic findings was performed. The Fisher exact test was used for statistical analysis (P < .05). Technical success was achieved in all cases. There was a statistically significant difference in the maximum gonadal vein diameter between venography and intravascular US (P = .0087). Intravascular US showed left gonadal vein anatomic variations and better ability in the evaluation of the vein diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Perdikakis
- Department of Radiology, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Das CJ, Soneja M, Tayal S, Chahal A, Srivastava S, Kumar A, Baruah U. Role of radiological imaging and interventions in management of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Clin Radiol 2018; 73:610-624. [PMID: 29549997 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a clinical condition resulting from impaired hepatic venous drainage, in which there is obstruction to the hepatic venous outflow at any level from the small hepatic veins to the junction of the inferior vena cava and the right atrium leading to hepatic congestion. The diagnosis of BCS is based on imaging, which can be gathered from non-invasive investigations such as ultrasonography coupled with venous Doppler, triphasic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Apart from diagnosis, various interventional radiology procedures aid in the successful management of this syndrome. In this article, we present various imaging features of BCS along with various interventional procedures that are used to treat this diverse condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Das
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi - 110029, India.
| | - M Soneja
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi - 110029, India
| | - S Tayal
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi - 110029, India
| | - A Chahal
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi - 110029, India
| | - S Srivastava
- Department of Gastroenterology, GB Pant Hospital, New Delhi - 110002, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, GB Pant Hospital, New Delhi - 110002, India
| | - U Baruah
- Department of Anaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi - 110029, India
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Anomaly of the inferior vena cava and lactose malabsorption. PHLEBOLOGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.12687/phleb2285-1-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
SummaryPatients with anomalies of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are rare, are usually asymptomatic and this developmental anomaly is detected during radiologic evaluation of deep vein thrombosis or incidentally during abdominal radiologic evaluation. We report on time resolved three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography (4D MRA) in a patient with congenital anomaly of the IVC and nonspecific abdominal complaints. 4D MRA is shown for evaluation and detailed diagnosis in vascular venous anatomy. However, due to continuing bloating and irregular bowel movements we investigated carbohydrate malabsorption and a lactose malabsorption was diagnosed. The nonspecific abdominal complaints in this patient with IVC anomaly were due to lactose malabsorption and were treated successfully with a lactose-free diet.@Supplementary material online: www.phlebologieonline.de: http://dx.doi.org/10.12687/phleb2285-1-2016
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Affiliation(s)
- John O'Dea
- From the Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA (J.O.D.); and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (R.M.S.)
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Zarogoulidis P, Terzi E, Kouliatsis G, Zervas V, Kontakiotis T, Mitrakas A, Zarogoulidis K. Subclavian thrombosis in a patient with advanced lung cancer: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2011; 5:173. [PMID: 21548918 PMCID: PMC3110134 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-5-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lung cancer is now considered the most common cause of death among cancer patients. Although target biological regimens have emerged in recent years for non-small cell lung carcinoma, the survival and quality of life of patients with this condition still remain low. The five-year survival rate for all stages of lung cancer is 17% or less. Case presentation We describe the case of a 53-year-old Caucasian woman who was diagnosed with advanced stage IIIa (T2aN2M0) non-small cell lung carcinoma (adenocarcinoma) and underwent a complete left upper lobectomy three years ago. After two and a half years of follow-up, she suddenly presented with facial edema and venous distension and was immediately treated for superior vena cava syndrome. Because of a diagnostic check, a major clot was detected in the right subclavian vein. Our patient was informed about treatment options, and she was taken to the catheterization laboratory for percutaneous stenting of the superior vena cava to restore superior vena cava patency. Conclusion Lung cancer has a vast number of complications. Superior vena cava syndrome and thrombosis should be considered upon the presentation of a patient with obstructive symptoms. In this case report, even though we expected the clot to be on the side of the former lesion, it was present on the opposite side. Treatment should also start immediately in these patients with clinical suspicion of thrombosis to avoid further complications, even in cases with a differential diagnosis problem. Finally, although patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma have a high incidence of thromboembolic events, anticoagulant treatment is given only as maintenance therapy after a first event occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zarogoulidis
- University Pulmonary Department, Oncology Unit, "G Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Allaqaband S, Kirvaitis R, Jan F, Bajwa T. Endovascular treatment of peripheral vascular disease. Curr Probl Cardiol 2009; 34:359-476. [PMID: 19664498 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects about 27 million people in North America and Europe, accounting for up to 413,000 hospitalizations per year with 88,000 hospitalizations involving the lower extremities and 28,000 involving embolectomy or thrombectomy of lower limb arteries. Many patients are asymptomatic and, among symptomatic patients, atypical symptoms are more common than classic claudication. Peripheral arterial disease also correlates strongly with risk of major cardiovascular events, and patients with PAD have a high prevalence of coexistent coronary and cerebrovascular disease. Because the prevalence of PAD increases progressively with age, PAD is a growing clinical problem due to the increasingly aged population in the United States and other developed countries. Until recently, vascular surgical procedures were the only alternative to medical therapy in such patients. Today, endovascular practice, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with or without stenting, is used far more frequently for all types of lower extremity occlusive lesions, reflecting the continuing advances in imaging techniques, angioplasty equipment, and endovascular expertise. The role of endovascular intervention in the treatment of limb-threatening ischemia is also expanding, and its promise of limb salvage and symptom relief with reduced morbidity and mortality makes percutaneous transluminal angioplasty/stenting an attractive alternative to surgery and, as most endovascular interventions are performed on an outpatient basis, hospital costs are cut considerably. In this monograph we discuss current endovascular intervention for treatment of occlusive PAD, aneurysmal arterial disease, and venous occlusive disease.
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Abstract
This article discusses the use of image guided endovascular stenting to treat obstruction of the superior vena cava
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Akoglu H, Yilmaz R, Peynircioglu B, Arici M, Kirkpantur A, Cil B, Altun B, Turgan C. A rare complication of hemodialysis catheters: superior vena cava syndrome. Hemodial Int 2007; 11:385-91. [PMID: 17922732 DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-4758.2007.00205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Central venous catheters in hemodialysis patients may result in superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. With the increasing use of these catheters, the SVC syndrome will probably be more common among hemodialysis patients. This report describes 3 cases of SVC syndrome due to central venous catheters that developed in hemodialysis patients with previous multiple catheter placements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadim Akoglu
- Nephrology Unit, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Diagnosis of systemic arterial diseases with whole-body 3D contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. Chin Med J (Engl) 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200611010-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
Inferior vena cava (IVC) abnormalities are not uncommon. Congential anomalies, thrombosis, neoplasms, and obstructive lesions can involve IVC. With the wide use of multidetector CT, it has demonstrated its ability to display the abnormalities of IVC. Congenital anomalies, thrombosis, neoplasms, and stenosis or obstructive diseases and other abnormalities can be demonstrated by MDCT. We present a pictorial essay to illustrate its roles in detecting and defining the nature of lesions of IVC, from the anatomy to disease spectrum of IVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China.
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