Transvenous Embolization of a Spontaneous Femoral AVF 5 Years After an Incomplete Treatment with Arterial Stent-Grafts

Endovascular repair of subclavian artery complex pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula with coils and Onyx

Treatment of subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula (AVF) can be challenging and carries a high risk of complications. Rare cases described in the literature have been managed with major surgery or endovascular treatment with stent graft placement. We present a patient with a large lobulated pseudoaneurysm of the subclavian artery and associated high-flow AVF near the left vertebral artery origin. Surgery was considered too risky and stent graft placement would have required occlusion of the vertebral artery. Successful endovascular repair was achieved with balloon-assisted selective embolization of the fistula with a combination of coils and Onyx.

Synchronous spontaneous arteriovenous fistula and aneurysm of the deep femoral artery incidentally found in a patient with aortic aneurysmal dissection

The patient was a 77-year-old man with sudden-onset chest and back pain. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) from the abdomen to the proximal thigh showed an aortic aneurysmal dissection (AAD) and a left deep femoral artery (DFA) aneurysm. The AAD was conservatively managed as there was no sign of increase. The left DFA aneurysm was surgically resected to avoid complications such as rupture, thromboembolism, and limb ischemia. On follow-up CTA obtained 3 weeks later, a spontaneous AVF in a varicose vein of the right DFA was noted. There were no symptoms associated with the AVF, and he was conservatively managed. However, the varicose vein gradually increased, and he underwent successful transarterial catheter embolization (TAE) with metal coils without any complications. After vascular repair of the aneurysm and the AVF of the right DFA, there was no sign of recurrence.