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Razakamanantsoa L, Bodard S, Najdawi M, Dabi Y, Bendifallah S, Touboul C, Lehrer R, Agbonon R, Di Giuseppe R, Barral M, Bazot M, Brun JL, Roman H, Marcelin C, Thomassin-Naggara I, Cornelis FH. Surgical and Percutaneous Image-guided Therapies of Abdominal Wall Endometriosis: a Systematic Review of Current Evidence. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2024:S1553-4650(24)00266-8. [PMID: 38901689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite various surgical and non-surgical strategies for abdominal wall endometriosis, the lack of definitive guidance on optimal treatment choice leads to clinical uncertainty. This review scrutinizes the safety and efficacy of abdominal wall endometriosis treatments to aid in decision-making. DATA SOURCES We performed a systematic literature review of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases from 1947 until December 2023. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION A comprehensive literature search identified studies that assessed both surgical and nonsurgical interventions, including high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and microwave ablation (MWA). This review is registered in NIHR-PROSPERO (CRD 42023494969). Local tumor control (LTC), local pain relief (LPR) and adverse events (AE) were recorded. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS This review included 51 articles among 831 identified. All study designs were considered eligible for inclusion. A total of 2,674 patients are included: 2,219 patients (83%) undergoing surgery, and 455 (17%) undergoing percutaneous interventions (342 HIFU, 103 cryoablation, 1 RFA, 9 MWA). Follow-up length was 18 months in median, ranging from 1 to 235 months. Overall LTC rates ranged from 86% to 100%. Surgical interventions consistently demonstrated the highest rate of LTC with a median rate of 100%, and LPR with a median rate of 98.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93.9-97.7). HIFU showed median LTC and LPR rates, respectively of 95.65% (95% CI, 87.7-99.9) and 76.1% (95% CI, 61.8-90.4); and cryoablation of 85.7% (95% CI, 66.0-99.9) and 79.2% (95% CI, 67.4-91.03). Minor AE were reported after surgery in 17.5% of patients (225/1284) including 15.9% (199/1284) of mesh implantation; 76.4% (239/313) after HIFU; and 8.7 % (9/103) after cryoablation. Severe AE were reported in 25 patients in the surgery group and 1 in the percutaneous group. CONCLUSION The safety profile and efficacy of nonsurgical interventions support their clinical utility for management of abdominal wall endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Razakamanantsoa
- Sorbonne University, Department of Specialized Radiology and Interventional Imaging, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; Saint-Antoine Research Center (CRSA), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne University, F-75012, Paris, France.
| | - Sylvain Bodard
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Milan Najdawi
- Sorbonne University, Department of Specialized Radiology and Interventional Imaging, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Yohann Dabi
- Saint-Antoine Research Center (CRSA), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne University, F-75012, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Sofiane Bendifallah
- American Hospital of Paris, Department of Gynecology, 40 rue Chauveau, 92200, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Cyril Touboul
- Sorbonne University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Raphael Lehrer
- Sorbonne University, Department of Specialized Radiology and Interventional Imaging, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Remi Agbonon
- Sorbonne University, Department of Specialized Radiology and Interventional Imaging, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Raphael Di Giuseppe
- Sorbonne University, Department of Specialized Radiology and Interventional Imaging, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Matthias Barral
- Sorbonne University, Department of Specialized Radiology and Interventional Imaging, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Marc Bazot
- Sorbonne University, Department of Specialized Radiology and Interventional Imaging, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Brun
- Department of Gynecology, CHU Bordeaux, place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Horace Roman
- Franco-European Multidisciplinary Endometriosis Institute, Clinique Tivoli-Ducos (Drs. Boulus, Merlot, Chanavaz-Lacheray, Dennis, and Roman), Bordeaux, France; Franco-European Multidisciplinary Endometriosis Institute Middle East Clinic (Drs. Merlot, Kade, and Roman), Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Dr. Roman), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Clement Marcelin
- Department of Radiology, CHU Bordeaux, place Amélie Raba Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Thomassin-Naggara
- Sorbonne University, Department of Specialized Radiology and Interventional Imaging, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; Saint-Antoine Research Center (CRSA), INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne University, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Francois H Cornelis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Mahdavi A, Forouzannia SA, Goudarzi E, Forouzannia SM, Rafiei R, Yousefimoghaddam F, Rafiei N, Padmehr R. Radiofrequency Ablation: A Promising Treatment Method for Abdominal Wall Endometriosis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00270-024-03755-4. [PMID: 38811406 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-024-03755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the application of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as a treatment method for abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE). MATERIALS AND METHODS The characteristics of the AWE lesions in the patients were obtained using ultrasound (US). The patients received general and local anesthesia, and then, AWE lesions were divided into 1 cm3 sections visually, and each of these sections underwent US-guided RFA using the moving shot technique. Follow-up included outpatient appointments, including a US examination 1, 3, and 6 months after the treatment to assess the volume of the lesions. In addition, the level of pain experienced by the patients was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) before and the day after the procedure, as well as at each follow-up appointment. RESULTS Ten patients were treated with RFA. The procedural success was achieved in all of the patients. The median volume of the lesions decreased from 7.3 cm3 (IQR = 4.39,23.75) to 2.95 cm3 (IQR = 1.65,9.09) (P = 0.005). All patients reported reduced pain levels, and the median of their VAS score decreased from 9 (IQR = 8,9) to 0 (IQR = 0,1.25) (P = 0.004) at the end of the follow-up period. None of the patients experienced complications related to RFA treatment. CONCLUSION Based on the study's findings, RFA appears to be a promising minimally invasive treatment for AWE. However, larger studies with longer follow-up periods are required for a more comprehensive understanding of its efficacy and safety. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4, Case Series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahdavi
- Department of Radiology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Forouzannia
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Goudarzi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Romina Rafiei
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Yousefimoghaddam
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rafiei
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Padmehr
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Bertogli H, Lucot JP, Lafourcade J, Warembourg S, Detchev R, Nguyen Ba E, Dubernard G, Philip CA. [Laparoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of uterine fibroid: A retrospective study]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2024:S2468-7189(24)00191-0. [PMID: 38604536 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess clinical and radiological efficacy and safety of laparoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of uterine leiomyomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-three patients with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas FIGO type 2 to 7, have undergone a laparoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation at Croix Rousse University Hospital Center (Hospices civils de Lyon) and at Saint-Vincent de Paul Hospital in Lille, between June 2020 and December 2022. The characteristics of each myoma and the symptoms were assessed with pelvic MRI and with Higham score, SSS and HRQL scores preoperatively and at 6 months. RESULTS A total of 54 fibroids have been treated in 33 patients. We observed a significant decrease of the volume 6 months after the surgery, on average 21mL (55.97 vs. 74.37mL, 95% CI [7.13-34.88], P=0.001). The maximum diameter of each fibroid was also significantly reduced on average 11.78mm (41.89 vs. 52.06, 95% CI [8.83-14.73], P<0.05). We noticed a significant decrease of the NRS for dysmenorrhea on average 2.79 points (2.1 vs. 4.89, 95% CI [1.14-4.42], P<0.05). There was also a trend to improvement of menorrhagia, assess by Higham score. Indeed, 70.8% of the patients had menorrhagia. Menorrhagia was improved of 108,3 points with an average Higham score before surgery of 197.3 versus 87.9 after surgery (95% CI [47.9-168.8], P=0.001). Concerning UFS-QOL score: the symptom severity score (SSS) decreased on average 33 points, testifying of symptom improvement (27.04 vs. 60.89, 95% CI [22.92-43.39], P<0.001) and the HRQL score increased on average 20 points testifying quality of life improvement (65.57 vs. 42.7, 95% CI [15.83-37.85]. P<0.001). No severe adverse event has been reported. CONCLUSION In this first French study about radiofrequency ablation. We confirm its efficiency for improvement of symptoms and quality of life but other study is mandatory to confirm the safety of this procedure in particular in patients with a wish to conceive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helloïse Bertogli
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Croix Rousse Hospital, 103, grande rue de la Croix Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Warembourg
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Croix Rousse Hospital, 103, grande rue de la Croix Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | | | - Emilie Nguyen Ba
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Croix Rousse Hospital, 103, grande rue de la Croix Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Gil Dubernard
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Croix Rousse Hospital, 103, grande rue de la Croix Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Charles-André Philip
- Hospices civils de Lyon, Croix Rousse Hospital, 103, grande rue de la Croix Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France.
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Marcelin C, Maas P, Jambon E, Maaloum R, Andreo IM, Le Bras Y, Roman H, Grenier N, Brun JL, Cornelis FH. Long-term outcomes after percutaneous cryoablation of abdominal wall endometriosis. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10689-5. [PMID: 38512491 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To retrospectively evaluate the long-term outcomes after percutaneous cryoablation of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE). METHOD The Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective observational review of 40 consecutive patients, of a median age of 37 years (interquartile range [IQR] 32-40 years), presenting with a total of 52 symptomatic AWE nodules. All patients underwent cryoablation between January 2013 and May 2022 with a minimum follow-up period of 12 months. Outcomes were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) that measured pain, as well as by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The pain-free survival rates were derived using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Adverse events were analyzed and graded using the classification system of the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 40.5 months (IQR 26.5-47.2 months). The median VAS score before cryoablation was 8 (IQR 7-9). Complete relief of symptoms was documented in 80% (32/40) of patients at 3 months after initial cryoablation and correlated with the absence of residual endometriosis nodules on MRI. The median pain-free survival rates were 89.2% [95% CI, 70.1-96.4%] at 36 months and 76.8% [95% CI, 55.3-83.8%] after 60 months. No patient or lesion characteristics were found to be prognostic of failure. No major adverse events or side effects were reported in long term. CONCLUSION Cryoablation safely and effectively afforded long-term pain relief for patients with AWE nodules. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT AWE cryoablation was found to be safe and effective in the long-term. KEY POINTS • Cryoablation is highly effective with 80% of patients experiencing complete relief of AWE symptoms after a single procedure. • Cryoablation is safe without long-term adverse events or side effects. • The median pain-free survival rates are 89.2% at 36 months and 76.8% at 60 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Marcelin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, 3300, Bordeaux, France.
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, BRIC U1312, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Philippe Maas
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, 3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eva Jambon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, 3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rim Maaloum
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, 3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Molina Andreo
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, 3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yann Le Bras
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, 3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Horace Roman
- Clinique Tivoli- Ducos, Institut Franco-Européen Multidisciplinaire d'Endométriose (IFEMEndo), 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Grenier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, 3300, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Luc Brun
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, Service de gynécologie, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francois H Cornelis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Bachour R, Sengmanivong N, Vidal F, Goumarre C, Lapègue F, Destombes L, Gandois HC, Gac YTL, Chantalat E, Capdet J, Blais D, Guenego A, Sans N, Bilfeld MF. Percutaneous cryoablation of abdominal wall endometriosis: An analysis of 38 patients. Diagn Interv Imaging 2024:S2211-5684(24)00045-7. [PMID: 38467523 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous cryoablation in the treatment of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-eight women treated for symptomatic AWE nodules with percutaneous cryoablation under ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) guidance between May 2020 and July 2023 were retrospectively included. Pain was estimated using visual analog scale (VAS) and assessed at baseline, three months, six months, and 12 months after percutaneous cryoablation. Baseline VAS score, volume of AWE nodule and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of AWE nodules were compared to those obtained after percutaneous cryoablation. Major complications, if any, were noted. RESULTS Thirty-eight women with a median age of 35.5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 32, 39; range: 24-48 years) and a total of 60 AWE nodules were treated. Percutaneous cryoablation was performed under local or regional anesthesia in 30 women (30/38; 79%). Significant decreases between initial median VAS score (7; IQR: 6, 8; range: 3-10) and median VAS score after treatment at three months (0; IQR: 0, 5; range; 0-8) (P < 0.001), six months (0; IQR: 0, 1; range; 0-10) (P < 0.001) and 12 months (0; IQR: 0, 2; range: 0-7) (P < 0.001) were observed. Percutaneous cryoablation resulted in effective pain relief in 31 out of 38 women (82%) at six months and 15 out of 18 women (83%) at 12 months. Contrast-enhanced MRI at six-month follow-up showed a significant decrease in the volume of AWE nodules and the absence of AWE nodule enhancement after treatment by comparison with baseline MRI (P < 0.001). No major complications were reported. CONCLUSION Percutaneous cryoablation is an effective, minimally invasive intervention for the treatment of AWE nodules that conveys minimal or no morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafy Bachour
- Department of Radiology, CHU Toulouse-Purpan Cedex 9, 31059 Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Fabien Vidal
- Department of Gynecology, Clinique la Croix du Sud, 31130 Quint-Fonsegrives, France
| | - Céline Goumarre
- Department of Radiology, CHU Toulouse-Purpan Cedex 9, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Franck Lapègue
- Department of Radiology, CHU Toulouse-Purpan Cedex 9, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Louise Destombes
- Department of Radiology, CHU Toulouse-Purpan Cedex 9, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Yann Tanguy Le Gac
- Department of Gynecology, CHU Toulouse-Purpan Cedex 9, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Chantalat
- Department of Gynecology, CHU Toulouse-Rangueil Cedex 9, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Jérome Capdet
- Department of Gynecology Department, Clinique Rive Gauche, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Donatien Blais
- Department of Gynecology Department, Clinique Rive Gauche, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Adrien Guenego
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Sans
- Department of Radiology, CHU Toulouse-Purpan Cedex 9, 31059 Toulouse, France
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Barat M, Dohan A, Kohi M, Marcelin C, Pelage JP, Denys A, Mafeld S, Kaufman CS, Soyer P, Cornelis FH. Treatment of adenomyosis, abdominal wall endometriosis and uterine leiomyoma with interventional radiology: A review of current evidences. Diagn Interv Imaging 2024; 105:87-96. [PMID: 38065817 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Interventional radiology shows promises in the field of women's health, particularly in pelvic interventions. This review article discusses the latest advancements in interventional radiology techniques for pelvic conditions affecting women including adenomyosis, abdominal wall endometriosis and uterine leiomyoma. Extraperitoneal endometriosis involving the abdominal wall may be treated by percutaneous thermal ablation, such as cryoablation, whereas uterine leiomyoma and adenomyosis can be managed either using percutaneous thermal ablation or using uterine artery embolization. Continued research and development in interventional radiology will further enhance the minimally-invasive interventions available for women's health, improving outcomes and quality of life for this large patient population of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Barat
- Department of Radiology, Hopital Cochin, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Anthony Dohan
- Department of Radiology, Hopital Cochin, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Maureen Kohi
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Clement Marcelin
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelage
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Alban Denys
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne and University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Mafeld
- Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Claire S Kaufman
- Dotter Interventional Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239-3011, USA
| | - Philippe Soyer
- Department of Radiology, Hopital Cochin, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Francois H Cornelis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Marcelin C, Brun JL, Caprais J, Molina-Andreo I, Jambon E, Le Bras Y, Hocké C, Grenier N. Percutaneous cryoablation of symptomatic uterine adenomyomas: Initial experience. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2024; 53:102727. [PMID: 38237806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2024.102727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of percutaneous image-guided cryoablation of adenomyomas MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five symptomatic women who wanted to preserve their uterus and fertility underwent a single session of percutaneous image-guided cryoablation of adenomyoma. Three to six 17-gauge cryoprobes were introduced percutaneously into the adenomyoma under ultrasound and laparoscopy guidance. Clinical efficacy was defined as the diminution of the Visual Analogue Scale of pain (VAS), the decrease in uterine bleeding and the improvement of quality of life assessed by the endometriosis health profile 5 (EHP-5) 12 months after treatment. Technical efficacy was defined by the reduction in volume of each treated adenomyoma on MRI. Complications were classified using the Clavien-Dindo classification system. Hysterosonography was performed at least 3 months after the procedure. RESULTS Compared to the baseline, all symptom scores had decreased after 12 months: median VAS 8/10 (range, 5-10) to 4/10 (range, 0-7); median dyspareunia score 7/10 (range, 0-10) to 2/10 (range, 0-8); median bleeding score 335 (range, 102-920) to 76 (range, 0-88); median EHP-5 score 60/100 (range, 50-75) to 50/100 (range, 32-55). The median volume of adenomyosis decreased from 57 cm3 (range, 8-87) to 9 cm3 (range, 2-45) at 12 months. No postoperative complications occurred. Two patients had incomplete intrauterine adhesions that were easily removed hysteroscopically. CONCLUSION Cryoablation may be a promising alternative treatment for symptomatic adenomyoma in women who want to preserve their uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Marcelin
- Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, Hôpital Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Luc Brun
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique, Hôpital Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Julie Caprais
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique, Hôpital Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Molina-Andreo
- Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, Hôpital Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eva Jambon
- Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, Hôpital Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yann Le Bras
- Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, Hôpital Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claude Hocké
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique, Hôpital Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Grenier
- Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, Hôpital Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France
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Najdawi M, Razakamanantsoa L, Mousseaux C, Bendifallah S, Touboul C, Thomassin-Naggara I, Bazot M, Barral M, Cornelis FH. Resolution of Pain after Percutaneous Image-Guided Cryoablation of Extraperitoneal Endometriosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:1192-1198. [PMID: 37003579 PMCID: PMC10625427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively evaluate the relief of pain after percutaneous image-guided cryoablation of symptomatic extraperitoneal endometriosis (EE). MATERIAL AND METHODS From 2017 to 2022, cryoablation of EE was performed at a single institution on a total of 47 lesions in 42 consecutive patients (median age, 37 years; interquartile range [IQR], 33-39.5 years). Patient and procedural characteristics were reviewed retrospectively. Tolerance and outcomes in terms of pain and patient satisfaction were evaluated. RESULTS The median follow-up duration was 13.5 months (IQR, 1.1-37.7 months) after cryoablation. The median pain-free survival rate was 93.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.3-98.4) at 6 months and 82.7% (95% CI, 58.8-93.5) after 12 months. Pain decreased from a median of 8/10 (IQR, 7-9) on the visual analog scale to 0/10 (IQR, 0-1) at the last follow-up (P < .0001). The median Patient Global Impression of Change score recorded at the last follow-up was 1/7 (IQR, 1-2). The efficacy rate of cryoablation to avoid secondary surgery was 92.8% (39/42) per patient and 93.6% (44/47) per nodule treated. Four patients (9.5%, 4/42) experienced an adverse event in the days following the procedure, and 1 patient (2%) experienced a severe adverse event. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous cryoablation is safe and effective in significantly reducing pain and obtaining local control of EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Najdawi
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Oncology, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Leo Razakamanantsoa
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Oncology, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mousseaux
- Department of Nephrology, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Sofiane Bendifallah
- Department of Gynecology, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Touboul
- Department of Gynecology, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Bazot
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Oncology, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Barral
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Oncology, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Francois H Cornelis
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Oncology, Tenon Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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9
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Arkoudis NA, Moschovaki-Zeiger O, Prountzos S, Spiliopoulos S, Kelekis N. Caesarean-section scar endometriosis (CSSE): clinical and imaging fundamentals of an underestimated entity. Clin Radiol 2023:S0009-9260(23)00232-5. [PMID: 37380575 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Caesarean-section scar endometriosis (CSSE) is a form of extra-pelvic endometriosis developing through endometrial cell implantation anywhere along the route of a previous caesarean section (CS) surgery, including the skin, subcutaneous tissue, abdominal wall muscles, intraperitoneally, and the uterine scar itself. Synchronous intra-abdominal endometriosis is not a prerequisite. Given the rising prevalence of CS, CSSE may be underrepresented in the literature and occur more frequently than previously thought. Locating a painful soft-tissue mass-like lesion along the path of a previous CS scar is the most indicative sign that should initially alarm physicians towards suggesting CSSE, especially if symptoms are typical (cyclically reoccurring with menstruation). The detection of hyperintense (haemorrhagic) foci on T1 fat-saturated sequences will strongly support the diagnosis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the most sensitive imaging method for CSSE assessment. A non-specific, contrast-enhancing, hypodense nodule with spiculate edges may be suggestive if the lesion was originally detected on computed tomography (CT). Although ultrasound is frequently the first imaging method used, the findings are non-specific; therefore, making it more useful for ruling out other differentials and for image-guided biopsy. In any case, histopathology provides the definitive diagnosis. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment; however, minimally invasive, percutaneous techniques have also been implemented successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-A Arkoudis
- 2nd Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "Attikon", Rimini 1, Haidari, Athens, 124 62, Greece.
| | - O Moschovaki-Zeiger
- 2nd Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "Attikon", Rimini 1, Haidari, Athens, 124 62, Greece
| | - S Prountzos
- 2nd Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "Attikon", Rimini 1, Haidari, Athens, 124 62, Greece
| | - S Spiliopoulos
- 2nd Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "Attikon", Rimini 1, Haidari, Athens, 124 62, Greece
| | - N Kelekis
- 2nd Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "Attikon", Rimini 1, Haidari, Athens, 124 62, Greece
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10
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Petit C, Donval L, Chandeze M, Chis C, Joste M, Panel P. Surgery of abdominal wall endometriosis associated with clear-cell carcinoma: Case report and review. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2023; 52:102561. [PMID: 36841330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2023.102561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal wall is a rare location for endometriosis, with a reported incidence of parietal endometriosis of approximately 0.03 to 0.4%. It most often occurs in the aftermath of a caesarean section and is associated with pelvic endometriosis in only 5 to 15% of cases. Rare cases of malignant transformation have been described, mainly in the form of clear-cell tumours. We report the case of a 52-year-old patient with a history of endometriosis who presented with a retractile parietal mass at the level of her caesarean scar. Histological analysis confirmed a clear-cell adenocarcinoma (CCC). Few cases of endometriosis - associated CCC are described in the literature. A review of the literature suggests radical surgical treatment combined with adjuvant radio-chemotherapy. However, the prognosis is poor. The aim of this case report is to suggest the diagnosis of malignant transformation in the presence of a rapidly evolving parietal mass in the context of endometriosis and a history of caesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Petit
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre hospitalier de Versailles - Hôpital André Mignot, 177 Rue de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt, France
| | - L Donval
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre hospitalier de Versailles - Hôpital André Mignot, 177 Rue de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt, France.
| | - M Chandeze
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre hospitalier de Versailles - Hôpital André Mignot, 177 Rue de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt, France
| | - C Chis
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre hospitalier de Versailles - Hôpital André Mignot, 177 Rue de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt, France
| | - M Joste
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre hospitalier de Versailles - Hôpital André Mignot, 177 Rue de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt, France
| | - P Panel
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre hospitalier de Versailles - Hôpital André Mignot, 177 Rue de Versailles, 78150 Le Chesnay-Rocquencourt, France
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11
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Smith KA, Welch BT, Kurup AN, Schmitz JJ, VanBuren WM, Ehman EC, Welch TL, Cope AG, Koepsel EK, Atwell TD, Burnett TL. Feasibility and safety of percutaneous image-guided cryoablation of abdominal wall endometriosis. ABDOMINAL RADIOLOGY (NEW YORK) 2022; 47:2669-2673. [PMID: 34773468 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility and safety of percutaneous image-guided cryoablation of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of percutaneous cryoablation (CT or MR) of AWE was performed from January 2018 to December 2020. Eighteen patients were identified from an internal percutaneous ablation database. Technical success, complications, and outcomes were analyzed according to standard nomenclature. RESULTS Patients comprised 18 females (mean age 36.9 years) who underwent 18 cryoablation procedures to treat 23 AWE deposits. Three of the 18 cases were performed under MR guidance, while the remaining 15 employed CT guidance. Technical success was achieved in all 18 cases (100%). Fifteen of 18 patients (83%) had biopsy proven AWE deposits prior to treatment. Hydrodisplacement was used to displace adjacent bowel, bladder, or neurovascular structures in 13/18 cases (72%). The mean number of probes used per case was 3. Sixteen of 23 (70%) of AWE deposits had imaging follow-up (median 85 days). Of the 16 lesions with imaging follow-up, 15 (94%) demonstrated no residual enhancement or T1 hyperintensity at the treatment site and 1 lesion (6%) demonstrated residual/progressive disease. At clinical follow-up, 13 of 14 (93%) patients reported improvement in AWE-related symptoms. Eleven patients had clinically documented pain scores before and after ablation and all demonstrated substantial symptomatic improvement. No society of interventional radiology (SIR) major complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous cryoablation of AWE is feasible with a favorable safety profile. Further longitudinal studies are needed to document durable response over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Smith
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Brian T Welch
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - A Nicholas Kurup
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - John J Schmitz
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Eric C Ehman
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Tasha L Welch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Adela G Cope
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | | | - Thomas D Atwell
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Tatnai L Burnett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
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12
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Li JX, Li XL, Zhu JE, Zhang HL, Yu SY, Xu HX. Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for symptomatic abdominal wall endometriosis and treatment response evaluation with contrast-enhanced imaging: The first experience. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 82:63-73. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-211287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is a relatively uncommon condition associated with diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties among all the extra pelvic endometriosis. The main therapies include surgery and oral contraceptive administration. Percutaneous cryoablation and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) are also proven to be valid alternatives. Microwave ablation (MWA) as one of the thermal ablation methods has not been applied in the treatment of AWE yet. Herein the feasibility of ultrasound (US) –guided MWA for AWE was explored and treatment response evaluation was carried out using contrast-enhanced imaging. METHODS: Three consecutive patients who underwent US-guided MWA for AWE with typical symptoms were included in the retrospective study. US, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), laboratory tests, and US-guided core-needle biopsy were conducted for pre-treatment assessment and ruling out malignancy. The interventional procedure was carried out under local anesthesia with the microwave system and the output power was 60w. Post-treatment contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was performed to evaluate the instant treatment response. The follow-up intervals were 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months after treatment. The clinical symptoms and condition of AWE lesions were recorded in each follow-up. RESULTS: The MWA procedure was completed in all the patients with no blood perfusion inside each lesion by instant CEUS after treatment. The mean ablation time was 687 seconds (s) for a single patient (ranged from 660s to 742s). Clinical symptoms were relieved evidently at the end of the follow-up. The pain according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) decreased from 4–6 before treatment to 0–2 after treatment. Mild to moderate complications included slightly abdominal pain and fat liquefaction occurred. In terms of technical outcomes, the volume of all six lesions reduced in different degrees at the end of follow-up (ranged: 16.6% to 100% ). CONCLUSION: US-guided MWA may be a feasible and promising approach for symptomatic AWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Li
- Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital; Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Long Li
- Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital; Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-E Zhu
- Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital; Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Li Zhang
- Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital; Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Song-Yuan Yu
- Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital; Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Xu
- Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Tumor, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital; Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Pagnini F, Cervi E, Maestroni U, Agostini A, Borgheresi A, Piacentino F, Angileri SA, Ierardi AM, Floridi C, Carbone M, Ziglioli F, De Filippo M. Imaging guided percutaneous renal biopsy: do it or not? ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:81-88. [PMID: 32945282 PMCID: PMC7944675 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i8-s.9990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Since its first reported application, renal biopsy became an important part of the diagnostic algorithm, considered advantages and risks, to better manage therapeutic options. The biopsy can be performed with different techniques (open, laparoscopic, transjugular, transurethral and percutaneous). Currently, the percutaneous approach is the modality of choice. Percutaneous biopsy can be performed under CT or US guidance, but critical benefits and disadvantages have to be considered. Core needle biopsy is usually preferred to fine-needle aspiration because of the sample quality, usually obtaining multiple cores, especially in heterogeneous tumors. Principal complications are hematuria (1-10%), perinephric hematoma (10-90%), pneumothorax (0,6%), clinically significant pain (1,2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pagnini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Radiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Cervi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Radiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Umberto Maestroni
- Department of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Agostini
- Department of Clinical, Special and Dental Sciences, University Politecnica delle Marche and Department of Radiology - Division of Special and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital "Umberto I - Ancona, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Borgheresi
- Department of Radiology - Division of Special and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital "Umberto I - Ancona, Italy.
| | - Filippo Piacentino
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Alessio Angileri
- Radiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Ierardi
- Radiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Floridi
- Department of Clinical, Special and Dental Sciences, University Politecnica delle Marche and Department of Radiology - Division of Special and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital "Umberto I - Ancona, Italy.
| | - Mattia Carbone
- Department of Radiology, San Giovanni E Ruggi D'Aragona Hospital, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Francesco Ziglioli
- Department of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Massimo De Filippo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Radiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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14
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Welch BT, Ehman EC, VanBuren WM, Cope AG, Welch TL, Woodrum DA, Kurup AN, Burnett TL. Percutaneous cryoablation of abdominal wall endometriosis: the Mayo Clinic approach. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:1813-1817. [PMID: 31894380 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is a rare form of endometriosis that often results in substantial pain and debility. The current treatment algorithm for AWE is not well established. The purpose of this review is to describe the Mayo Clinic experience with thermal ablation of symptomatic AWE as well as to review current imaging and interventional literature regarding the diagnosis and treatment of AWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Welch
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Eric C Ehman
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Adela G Cope
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Tasha L Welch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David A Woodrum
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - A Nick Kurup
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Tatnai L Burnett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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15
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Cope AG, Narasimhulu DM, Khan Z, VanBuren WM, Welch BT, Burnett TL. Nonsurgical radiologic intervention for management of abdominal wall endometriosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ENDOMETRIOSIS AND PELVIC PAIN DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2284026520906060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To describe reported outcomes of nonsurgical radiologic interventions for abdominal wall endometriosis in comparison with surgery where available. Data sources: A systematic search of Ovid Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials was performed from inception to January 2019 with no language restrictions. Study eligibility criteria: Studies were included if they evaluated a nonsurgical intervention in women with symptomatic abdominal wall endometriosis with both comparative and noncomparative study designs. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: Titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevance, and full-text articles were obtained and evaluated for inclusion, all in duplicate. Meta-analysis was performed when possible using a fixed effects model. Results: Of the 114 records reviewed, 16 full-text articles were assessed and 7 were included in analysis. The standard mean difference between pre- and post-intervention pain scores was similar between ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) (−3.00; 95% confidence interval −3.34, −2.66) and cryoablation (−3.93; 95% confidence interval −5.73, −2.12). The mean percent decrease in lesion size following intervention was similar between USgHIFU (−61.38%; 95% confidence interval −78.64%, −44.11%), and cryoablation (−88.16%; 95% confidence interval −83.90%, −55.06%). When compared with surgical excision, mean length of stay was 2.78 days less in the nonsurgical intervention group (95% confidence interval −3.78, −1.79). Conclusions: Both USgHIFU and cryoablation are effective at reducing pain scores and lesion size in abdominal wall endometriosis. Mean length of stay was significantly less following a nonsurgical radiologic intervention for abdominal wall endometriosis compared with surgery. More studies are needed comparing complication and recurrence rates between nonsurgical radiologic interventions for abdominal wall endometriosis and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela G Cope
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Zaraq Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Brian T Welch
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tatnai L Burnett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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16
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Restrepo lópez J, Turizo Agámez Á, Tabares Gil Sebastián S, Ortiz Giraldo AF, Vélez Hoyos A, Cuesta Castro DP. Endometriosis de la pared abdominal: estudio descriptivo de una serie de 21 casos. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CIRUGÍA 2019. [DOI: 10.30944/20117582.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. La endometriosis de la pared abdominal se define como la presencia de tejido endometrial en cualquiera de las capas que componen la pared abdominal. Su incidencia es baja y se caracteriza por un diagnóstico tardío.
Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y ambiespectivo entre 2010 y 2014 en pacientes con endometriosis de la pared abdominal, cuyo análisis patológico fue realizado en un centro de ayudas diagnósticas de Medellín. Se identificaron las variables histopatológicas del reporte, y la información clínica mediante una entrevista telefónica suministrada por la paciente. Se analizaron los datos con medidas descriptivas de resumen.
Resultados. Participaron 21 de 65 pacientes con diagnóstico de endometriosis de la pared abdominal. La media de edad al momento del diagnóstico fue de 35,3 años (desviación estándar, DE=8), el 71,4 % tenía el antecedente de cesárea y, el 38,1 %, el de endometriosis pélvica. El 95,2 % de las pacientes manifestaron dolor, de las cuales el 50 % lo percibió como constante con agudización cíclica y, el 40 %, como cíclico; además, el 90,5 % manifestó sensación de masa. La mediana del tiempo desde la aparición de la lesión hasta el diagnóstico, fue de 24 meses (RIQ=6-60). Solo en cuatro pacientes se hizo el diagnóstico prequirúrgico. El tratamiento fue quirúrgico en todas las pacientes y ocho (38,1 %) presentaron recidiva.
Conclusiones. La endometriosis de la pared abdominal usualmente se manifiesta como masas dolorosas asociadas con cicatrices quirúrgicas previas, generalmente de origen ginecológico y los síntomas empeoran con la menstruación. Es usual que su diagnóstico sea tardío y pocas veces se hace antes del estudio histopatológico. El tratamiento de elección es la resección quirúrgica, aunque no es despreciable el porcentaje de recidivas.
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17
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Melki E. Endometriosis treatment with shock waves: A novel approach. Med Hypotheses 2019; 124:114-117. [PMID: 30798904 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis affects 10-15% of women. When medication is unsatisfactory, not well tolerated or unwanted, surgery remains the sole option. There is a need for a less invasive treatment. We suggest the application of shock wave therapy (SWT) to endometriotic nodules (including deep infiltrating endometriosis), endometriomas and adenomyosis. We hypothesize pain relief via an antiinflammatory effect, an antioxidant effect and neural pathways modulation, as well as a direct effect on the lesions by the energy thus delivered. Questions to be answered before a clinical application is tested include route of administration (external versus internal transducers), dose regimen, optimal duration of treatment and type of shock waves used (focalised versus radial).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Melki
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Clinique Saint-Paul, 4 rue des Hibiscus, 97000 Fort de France, Martinique.
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18
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Zhao L, Deng Y, Wei Q, Chen J, Zhao C. Comparison of ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation and surgery for abdominal wall endometriosis. Int J Hyperthermia 2018; 35:528-533. [PMID: 30208746 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2018.1511836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery constitutes the standard approach for abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE), but is invasive. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation is effective and safe for the treatment of AWE, but no study has compared HIFU and surgery. OBJECTIVE To report our experience about the benefits and adverse events of surgery compared to HIFU for the treatment of AWE. METHODS This was a retrospective study of 54 consecutive Chinese women with AWE after cesarean section treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (China) between January 2012 and December 2014. The patients underwent surgery (n = 29) or HIFU (n = 25). The technical success rate, adverse events, and recurrence were assessed. RESULTS The technical success rate was 100% in both groups. The complete remission rate was 92.0% (23/25) in the HIFU group, and 100% (29/29) in the surgery group. Numeric rating scale (NRS) scores after HIFU were significantly improved from 6.9 to 0.3.During the median follow-up period of 32 months (range, 19-46 months), the durations of pain relief were 29.7 ± 12.6 months and 25.0 ± 13.5 months in the surgery and HIFU groups, respectively (p = .337). Three patients (10.7%) experienced pain recurrence in the surgery group, and two (8.0%) in the HIFU group. Major adverse events occurred in four (13.8%) and one (4.0%) patients in the surgery and HIFU groups, respectively (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS HIFU appears to be beneficial for the treatment of AWE, and may reduce adverse events. Compared with surgery, HIFU does not induce blood loss or tissue defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Youlin Deng
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Qing Wei
- b College of Biomedical Engineering , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jinyun Chen
- b College of Biomedical Engineering , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China.,c HIFU Center for Tumor Therapy , 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Chunquan Zhao
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
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Tavolaro S, Kermarrec É, Bazot M, Thomassin-Naggara I, Cornelis FH. Imagerie et radiologie interventionnelle chez la femme : nouveautés et perspectives. IMAGERIE DE LA FEMME 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.femme.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to present cryoablation as a minimally invasive definitive treatment for abdominal wall endometriosis. We describe our experience with the outpatient application of cryoablation to treat symptomatic abdominal wall endometriosis in three patients. CONCLUSION This feasibility study shows that minimally invasive cryoablation treated abdominal wall endometriosis in three patients and provided a prompt clinical response.
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Yarmish G, Sala E, Goldman DA, Lakhman Y, Soslow RA, Hricak H, Gardner GJ, Vargas HA. Abdominal wall endometriosis: differentiation from other masses using CT features. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2017; 42:1517-1523. [PMID: 28004137 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-016-0998-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the utility of morphologic and quantitative CT features in differentiating abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) from other masses of the abdominal wall. METHODS Retrospective IRB-approved study of 105 consecutive women from two institutions who underwent CT and biopsy/resection of abdominal wall masses. CTs were independently reviewed by two radiologists blinded to final histopathologic diagnoses. Associations between CT features and pathology were tested using Fisher's Exact Test. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values were calculated. P values were adjusted for multiple variable testing. RESULTS 24.8% (26/105) of patients had histologically proven abdominal wall endometriosis. The other most common diagnoses included adenocarcinoma NOS (21%; 22/105), desmoid (14.3%; 15/105), and leiomyosarcoma (8.6%; 9/105). CT features significantly associated with endometriosis for both readers were location below the umbilicus (P = 0.0188), homogeneous density (P = 0.0188), and presence of linear infiltration irradiating peripherally from a central soft tissue nodule (i.e., "gorgon" sign) (P < 0.0001). The highest combined sensitivity (0.69, 95% CI: 0.48-0.86) and specificity (0.97, 95% CI: 0.91-1.00) for both readers occurred for patients having all three of these features present. Border type (P = 0.0199) was only significant for R2, peritoneal extension (P = 0.0188) was only significantly for R1, and the remainder of features were insignificant (P = 0.06-60). There was overlap in Hounsfield units on non-contrast CT (N = 26) between AWE (median: 45HU, range: 39-54) and other abdominal wall masses (median: 38.5HU, range: 15-58). CONCLUSION CT features are helpful in differentiating AWE from other abdominal wall soft tissue masses. Such differentiation may assist decisions regarding possible biopsy and treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Yarmish
- Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, New York, NY, 10305, USA.
| | - Evis Sala
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Debra A Goldman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yulia Lakhman
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Robert A Soslow
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hedvig Hricak
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ginger J Gardner
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - H Alberto Vargas
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Maillot J, Brun JL, Dubuisson V, Bazot M, Grenier N, Cornelis FH. Mid-term outcomes after percutaneous cryoablation of symptomatic abdominal wall endometriosis: comparison with surgery alone in a single institution. Eur Radiol 2017; 27:4298-4306. [PMID: 28396995 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-4827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the outcomes of percutaneous image-guided cryoablation of symptomatic abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) versus surgery alone. METHODS From 2004 to 2016, cryoablation or surgery alone was performed under local (n = 5) or general anaesthesia (n = 15) for AWE in a single institution in 7 (mean age, 36.1 years) and 13 (mean age, 31.9 years) patients, respectively. Fifteen lesions were treated by cryoablation (mean size, 2.3 cm; range, 0.5-7 cm) and 16 by surgery (2.5 cm; 1.1-3.4 cm). Tolerance, efficacy and patient and procedural characteristics were compared. RESULTS Median follow-up was 22.5 (range, 6-42) months after cryoablation and 54 (14-149) after surgery. The median procedure and hospitalisation durations were 41.5 min (24-66) and 0.8 days (0-1) after cryoablation, and 73.5 min (35-160) and 2.8 days (1-12 days) after surgery (both P = 0.01). Three patients (23.1%) had severe complications and nine aesthetic sequels (69.2%) after surgery, none after cryoablation (P = 0.05). The median 12- and 24-month symptom free-survival rates were 100% and 66.7% (95% CI, 5.4; 94.5) after cryoablation and 92% (55.3; 98.9) after surgery at both time points (P = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS Cryoablation presents similar effectiveness to surgery alone for local control of AWE while reducing hospitalisation duration and complications. Any aesthetic sequels were associated with the cryoablation treatment. KEY POINTS • Hospitalisation is shorter after cryoablation than after surgery of abdominal wall endometriosis. • A significantly lower rate of complications is observed after cryoablation compared to surgery. • Cryoablation of abdominal wall endometriosis presents similar effectiveness to surgery alone. • A significant reduction of pain is observed 6 months after treatment. • A significant reduction of abdominal wall endometriosis is observed at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Maillot
- Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean Luc Brun
- Service de gynecologie, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Dubuisson
- Service de chirurgie, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Bazot
- Service de radiologie, Hôpital Tenon, APHP, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Grenier
- Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - François H Cornelis
- Service d'imagerie diagnostique et thérapeutique de l'adulte, Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
- Service de radiologie, Hôpital Tenon, APHP, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France.
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Scarperi S, Pontrelli G, Campana C, Steinkasserer M, Ercoli A, Minelli L, Bergamini V, Ceccaroni M. Laparoscopic Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation for Uterine Adenomyosis. JSLS 2016; 19:JSLS.2015.00071. [PMID: 26648676 PMCID: PMC4653579 DOI: 10.4293/jsls.2015.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Symptomatic uterine adenomyosis, unresponsive to medical therapy, is a challenging condition for patients who desire to preserve their uterus. This study was an evaluation of the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic radiofrequency thermal ablation of symptomatic nodular uterine adenomyosis. METHODS Fifteen women with symptomatic nodular adenomyosis, who had no plans for pregnancy but declined hysterectomy, underwent radiofrequency thermal ablation. Ultrasonography was performed at baseline and at postoperative follow-ups at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The impact of uterine adenomyosis-related symptoms was assessed according to the visual analog scale. RESULTS The median number of nodular lesions treated per patient was 1 (range, 1-2). The median baseline volume of the adenomyosis area was 60 cm(3) (range, 18-128). The median reduction in volume was 32, 49.4, 59.6, and 65.4% at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively. A significant progressive improvement in the symptoms score was observed at the 4 follow-ups. CONCLUSION In this study, laparoscopic radiofrequency thermal ablation reduced uterine adenomyosis-related symptoms and volume, with significant relief of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Scarperi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology and Minimally Invasive Pelvic Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Negrar Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pontrelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology and Minimally Invasive Pelvic Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Negrar Verona, Italy
| | - Colette Campana
- Department of Gynecology, Policlinico Abano Terme, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Ercoli
- Department of Gynecology, Policlinico Abano Terme, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Minelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology and Minimally Invasive Pelvic Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Negrar Verona, Italy
| | - Valentino Bergamini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marcello Ceccaroni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology and Minimally Invasive Pelvic Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Negrar Verona, Italy
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Percutaneous Cryoablation of Symptomatic Abdominal Scar Endometrioma: Initial Reports. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2014; 37:1575-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00270-014-0843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mahnken AH, Bruners P, Delbrück H, Günther RW. Radiofrequency Ablation of Osteoid Osteoma: Initial Experience with a New Monopolar Ablation Device. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2010; 34:579-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00270-010-9891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Busard MPH, Mijatovic V, van Kuijk C, Hompes PGA, van Waesberghe JHTM. Appearance of abdominal wall endometriosis on MR imaging. Eur Radiol 2009; 20:1267-76. [PMID: 19936757 PMCID: PMC2850520 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-009-1658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is defined as endometrial tissue that is superficial to the peritoneum. AWE is often difficult to diagnose, mimicking a broad spectrum of diseases. The aim of this study was to describe the appearance of AWE on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. METHODS We present ten patients with AWE (12 lesions) in which MR imaging was used for diagnosis. MR imaging included T2-weighted imaging and T1-weighted imaging with fat suppression. To assess the value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in endometriosis, four patients underwent additional DWI. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated using b values of 50, 400, 800 and 1,200 s/mm(2). RESULTS In most cases, the lesion was located ventral or dorsal to the aponeurosis of the rectus oblique muscle (n = 6) or in the rectus abdominis (n = 5). MR of AWE lesions showed isointense or slightly hyperintense signal compared with muscle on T2-weighted images and showed isointense or slightly hyperintense signal compared with muscle on T1-weighted images with foci of high signal intensity, indicative of haemorrhage. The mean ADC value of AWE was 0.93 x 10(-3)/mm(2)/s. CONCLUSION MR imaging seems to be useful in determining the location and depth of infiltration in surrounding tissue preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milou P H Busard
- Department of Radiology, Endometriosis Center VUMC, VU Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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