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Meng W, Pan L, Huang L, Li Q, Sun Y. Applications of image-guided locoregional transarterial chemotherapy in patients with inoperable colorectal cancer: a review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1464242. [PMID: 39246324 PMCID: PMC11377196 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1464242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of comprehensive treatment, locoregional transarterial chemotherapy has become an alternative conversion therapy, palliative therapy, and neoadjuvant therapy for many solid malignant tumors. Locoregional transarterial chemotherapy, which is most frequently used for treating liver cancer, has the characteristics of high regional efficacy and few systemic adverse reactions. In recent years, the number of relevant reports of locoregional chemotherapy for treating initially inoperable colorectal cancer (CRC), including non-metastatic and metastatic CRC, has gradually increased. However, the specific treatment options for such locoregional therapy are not the same, and its indications, medication regimens and combined treatments have not reached any consensus. In this review, the application status of locoregional transarterial chemotherapy in primary and metastatic CRC patients has been reviewed and summarized to provide a reference for future clinical work and scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Meng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Pan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Air Force Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
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Walter F, Rottler M, Nierer L, Landry G, Well J, Rogowski P, Mohnike K, Seidensticker M, Ricke J, Belka C, Corradini S. Interstitial High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy of Liver Metastases in Oligometastatic Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246250. [PMID: 34944869 PMCID: PMC8699459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Local ablative treatments have emerged as a promising treatment strategy for patients with oligometastatic disease. Interstitial brachytherapy (iBT) is one of the locally ablative treatment options for unresectable liver metastases in oligometastatic disease. We report the feasibility and oncologic outcome of 141 iBT treatments of 244 oligometastatic liver metastases performed in patients with limited tumor burdens in a high-volume center. iBT was feasible, safe and effective in the treatment of oligometastatic liver metastases with good local control rates and low toxicity. Histology and total tumor volume had an impact on local control rates. Abstract Local ablative treatments have emerged as a promising treatment strategy for patients with oligometastatic disease. Among others, interstitial brachytherapy (iBT) is an upcoming treatment option for unresectable liver metastases. We report the feasibility and oncologic outcome of iBT of oligometastatic liver metastases performed in patients with limited tumor burdens in a high-volume center. Patients undergoing iBT between August 2017and March 2019 were included. A retrospective analysis of patient outcomes and treatment complications was performed. Patients treated for metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC) were compared to other histologies. A total of 141 iBT procedures were performed in 106 patients (male:52; female:54) and 244 liver metastases. Overall, 51% (54/106) of patients had a diagnosis of metastatic CRC. The median follow-up was 9 months, and overall survival (OS) was 92.3% at 6 months and 76.3% at 12 months. Local-relapse-free survival (LRFS) was 88.4% at 6 months and 71.5% at 12 months, with a significant difference between patients with CRC (84.1% and 50.6%) versus other histologies (92.4% and 92.4%, p < 0.001). A sub-group analysis showed a significant advantage in patients with CRC receiving a minimal dose (D100) of 20 Gy to the planning target volume. Treatments of smaller total liver-tumor volumes (<18 ccm) resulted in better LRFS rates. iBT is a safe and effective treatment approach for oligometastatic liver disease. A higher treatment dose is needed for patients with CRC. Moreover, lower metastatic burdens may be favorable for LRFS. Prospective studies are needed to assess the role of iBT in the oligometastatic setting as an alternative to other local ablative treatment approaches in patients with liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Walter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.W.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (G.L.); (J.W.); (P.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Maya Rottler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.W.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (G.L.); (J.W.); (P.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Lukas Nierer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.W.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (G.L.); (J.W.); (P.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Guillaume Landry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.W.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (G.L.); (J.W.); (P.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Justus Well
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.W.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (G.L.); (J.W.); (P.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Paul Rogowski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.W.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (G.L.); (J.W.); (P.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Konrad Mohnike
- Diagnostisch Therapeutisches Zentrum (DTZ), 10243 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Max Seidensticker
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (M.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.W.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (G.L.); (J.W.); (P.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Stefanie Corradini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.W.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (G.L.); (J.W.); (P.R.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Ben Khaled N, Jacob S, Rössler D, Bösch F, De Toni EN, Werner J, Ricke J, Mayerle J, Seidensticker M, Schulz C, Fabritius MP. Current State of Multidisciplinary Treatment in Cholangiocarcinoma. Dig Dis 2021; 40:581-595. [PMID: 34695826 DOI: 10.1159/000520346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive malignancy, and its incidence seems to be increasing over the last years. Given the high rate of irresectability at the time of initial diagnosis, new treatment approaches are important to achieve better patient outcomes. Our review provides an overview of current multimodal therapy options across different specialties of gastroenterology/oncology, surgery, and interventional radiology. SUMMARY CCA is subdivided into clinically and molecularly distinct phenotypes. Surgical treatment currently is the only potentially curative therapy, but unfortunately, the majority of all patients are not eligible for resection at the time of initial diagnosis due to anatomic location, inadequate hepatic reserve, metastatic disease, or limiting comorbidities. However, multimodal treatment options are available to prolong survival, relieve symptoms, and maintain life quality. KEY MESSAGES The treatment of CCA is complex and requires close interdisciplinary collaboration and individualized treatment planning to ensure optimal patient care at specialized centers. Molecular profiling of patients and inclusion into clinical trials is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najib Ben Khaled
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Jacob
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation-Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Rössler
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Bösch
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation-Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Enrico N De Toni
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation-Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Ricke
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Max Seidensticker
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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When oncologic treatment options outpace the existing evidence: Contributing factors and a path forward. J Cancer Policy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2019.100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhang H, Guo J, Gao S, Zhang P, Chen H, Wang X, Li X, Zhu X. Prognostic factors for transarterial chemoembolization combined with sustained oxaliplatin-based hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Chin J Cancer Res 2017; 29:36-44. [PMID: 28373752 PMCID: PMC5348474 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2017.01.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic factors in chemorefractory colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) patients treated by transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and sustained hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC). METHODS Between 2006 and 2015, 162 patients who underwent 763 TACE and HAIC in total were enrolled in this retrospective study, including 110 males and 52 females, with a median age of 60 (range, 26-83) years. Prognostic factors were assessed with Log-rank test, Cox univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The median survival time (MST) and median progression-free survival (PFS) of the 162 patients from first TACE/HAIC were 15.6 months and 5.5 months respectively. Normal serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9, <37 U/mL) (P<0.001) and carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4, <6.7 U/mL) (P=0.026), combination with other local treatment (liver radiotherapy or liver radiofrequency ablation) (P=0.034) and response to TACE/HAIC (P<0.001) were significant factors related to survival after TACE/HAIC in univariate analysis. A multivariate analysis revealed that normal serum CA19-9 (P<0.001), response to TACE/HAIC (P<0.001) and combination with other local treatment (P=0.001) were independent factors among them. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that serum CA19-9 <37 U/mL and response to TACE/HAIC are significant prognostic indicators for this combined treatment, and treated with other local treatment could reach a considerable survival benefit for CRCLM. This could be useful for making decisions regarding the treatment of CRCLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),1Department of Interventional Therapy
| | - Jianhai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),1Department of Interventional Therapy
| | - Song Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),1Department of Interventional Therapy
| | - Pengjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),1Department of Interventional Therapy
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),1Department of Interventional Therapy
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),1Department of Interventional Therapy
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),1Department of Interventional Therapy
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Mohnike K, Wolf S, Damm R, Seidensticker M, Seidensticker R, Fischbach F, Peters N, Hass P, Gademann G, Pech M, Ricke J. Radioablation of liver malignancies with interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy. Strahlenther Onkol 2016; 192:288-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-016-0957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Extensive Use of Interventional Therapies Improves Survival in Unresectable or Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:8732521. [PMID: 26966431 PMCID: PMC4758109 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8732521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To assess the outcomes of patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC) treated by a tailored therapeutic approach, combining systemic with advanced image-guided local or locoregional therapies. Materials and Methods. Treatment followed an algorithm established by a multidisciplinary GI-tumor team. Treatment options comprised ablation (RFA, CT-guided brachytherapy) or locoregional techniques (TACE, radioembolization, i.a. chemotherapy). Results. Median survival was 33.1 months from time of diagnosis and 16.0 months from first therapy. UICC stage analysis showed a median survival of 15.9 months for stage I, 9 months for IIIa, 18.4 months for IIIc, and 13 months for IV. Only the number of lesions, baseline serum CEA and serum CA19-9, and objective response (RECIST) were independently associated with survival. Extrahepatic metastases had no influence. Conclusion. Patients with unresectable ICC may benefit from hepatic tumor control provided by local or locoregional therapies. Future prospective study formats should focus on supplementing systemic therapy by classes of interventions (“toolbox”) rather than specific techniques, that is, local ablation leading to complete tumor destruction (such as RFA) or locoregional treatment leading to partial remission (such as radioembolization). This trial is registered with German Clinical Trials Registry (Deutsche Register Klinischer Studien), DRKS-ID: DRKS00006237.
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Li D, Kang J, Madoff DC. Locally ablative therapies for primary and metastatic liver cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:931-45. [PMID: 24746315 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.911091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Locally ablative therapies have an increasing role in the effective multidisciplinary approach towards the treatment of both primary and metastatic liver tumors. In patients who are not considered surgical candidates and have low volume disease, these therapies have now become established into consensus practice guidelines. A large range of therapeutic options exist including percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), cryoablation, percutaneous laser ablation (PLA), irreversible electroporation (IRE), stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU); each having benefits and drawbacks. The greatest body of evidence supporting clinical utility in the liver currently exists for RFA, with PEI having fallen out of favor. MWA, IRE, SBRT and HIFU are relatively nascent technologies, and outcomes data supporting their use is promising. Future directions of ablative therapies include tandem approaches to improve efficacy in the treatment of liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Li
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Nag S, Matthew Scala L, Kennedy AS. Brachytherapy in Hepatobiliary Malignancies. BILIARY TRACT AND GALLBLADDER CANCER 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-40558-7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Sinn M, Nicolaou A, Ricke J, Podrabsky P, Seehofer D, Gebauer B, Pech M, Neuhaus P, Dörken B, Riess H, Hildebrandt B. Interventionally implanted port catheter systems for hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy in patients with primary liver cancer: a phase II-study (NCT00356161). BMC Gastroenterol 2013; 13:125. [PMID: 23927554 PMCID: PMC3751555 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-13-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of chemotherapy requires the implantation of a transcatheter application system which is traditionally performed by surgery. This procedure, but particularly the adjacent drug application via pump or port is often hampered by specific complications and device failure. Interventionally implanted port catheter systems (IIPCS) facilitate the commencement of HAI without need for laparatomy, and are associated with favorable complication rates. We here present an evaluation of the most important technical endpoints associated with the use of IIPCS for HAI in patients with primary liver cancers. METHODS 70 patients (pts) with hepatocellular (HCC, n=33) and biliary tract cancer (BTC, n=37) were enrolled into a phase II -study. Of those, n=43 had recurrent disease and n=31 suffered from liver-predominant UICC-stage IVb. All pts were provided with IIPCSs before being treated with biweekly, intraarterial chemotherapy (oxaliplatin, 5-Flourouracil, folinic acid). The primary objective of the trial was defined as evaluation of device-related complications and port duration. RESULTS Implantation of port catheters was successful in all patients. Mean treatment duration was 5.8 months, and median duration of port patency was not reached. Disease-progression was the most common reason for treatment discontinuation (44 pts., 63%), followed by chemotherapy-related toxicity (12 pts., 17%), and irreversible device failure (5 pts., 7%). A total of 28 port complications occurred in 21 pts (30%). No unexpected complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS HAI via interventionally implanted port catheters can be safely applied to patients with primary liver tumors far advanced or/and pretreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Sinn
- CharitéCentrum für Tumormedizin, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13344 Berlin, Germany
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Høyer M, Swaminath A, Bydder S, Lock M, Méndez Romero A, Kavanagh B, Goodman KA, Okunieff P, Dawson LA. Radiotherapy for liver metastases: a review of evidence. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012; 82:1047-57. [PMID: 22284028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been an increasing use of radiotherapy (RT) for the treatment of liver metastases. Most often, ablative doses are delivered to focal liver metastases with the goal of local control and ultimately improving survival. In contrast, low-dose whole-liver RT may be used for the palliation of symptomatic diffuse metastases. This review examines the available clinical data for both approaches. The review found that RT is effective both for local ablation of focal liver metastases and for palliation of patients with symptomatic liver metastases. However, there is a lack of a high level of evidence from randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Høyer
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Wybranski C, Zeile M, Löwenthal D, Fischbach F, Pech M, Röhl FW, Gademann G, Ricke J, Dudeck O. Value of diffusion weighted MR imaging as an early surrogate parameter for evaluation of tumor response to high-dose-rate brachytherapy of colorectal liver metastases. Radiat Oncol 2011; 6:43. [PMID: 21524305 PMCID: PMC3111366 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-6-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) as an early surrogate parameter for treatment response of colorectal liver metastases to image-guided single-fraction 192Ir-high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT). Methods Thirty patients with a total of 43 metastases underwent CT- or MRI-guided HDR-BT. In 13 of these patients a total of 15 additional lesions were identified, which were not treated at the initial session and served for comparison. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including breathhold echoplanar DWI sequences was performed prior to therapy (baseline MRI), 2 days after HDR-BT (early MRI) as well as after 3 months (follow-up MRI). Tumor volume (TV) and intratumoral apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured independently by two radiologists. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate comparison, ANOVA and paired t test as well as Pearson's correlation. Results At early MRI no changes of TV and ADC were found for non-treated colorectal liver metastases. In contrast, mean TV of liver lesions treated with HDR-BT increased by 8.8% (p = 0.054) while mean tumor ADC decreased significantly by 11.4% (p < 0.001). At follow-up MRI mean TV of non-treated metastases increased by 50.8% (p = 0.027) without significant change of mean ADC values. In contrast, mean TV of treated lesions decreased by 47.0% (p = 0.026) while the mean ADC increased inversely by 28.6% compared to baseline values (p < 0.001; Pearson's correlation coefficient of r = -0.257; p < 0.001). Conclusions DWI is a promising imaging biomarker for early prediction of tumor response in patients with colorectal liver metastases treated with HDR-BT, yet the optimal interval between therapy and early follow-up needs to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wybranski
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
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Chen Y, Luo KY, Li YX. Advances in permanent 125I seed implantation for colorectal liver metastases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:3324-3327. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i32.3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and the second most common type of cancer in the Western world. Colorectal cancer is the most common source of metastatic liver cancer, and liver metastasis is an important prognostic factor for colorectal cancer. Hepatic resection is the treatment of choice for colorectal liver metastases. The postoperative 5-year survival rate for patients with colorectal liver metastase now exceeds 50%. However, hepatic resection is indicated for only 10%-25% of patients with colorectal liver metastases. Therefore, non-surgical methods have attracted increasing attention. Permanent 125I seed implantation is now becoming a hotspot for treatment of colorectal liver metastases. This review will focus on the recent advances in permanent 125I seed implantation for colorectal liver metastases.
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