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Ko G, Choi JW, Lee N, Kim D, Hyeon T, Kim HC. Recent progress in liquid embolic agents. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121634. [PMID: 35716628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular embolization is a non-surgical procedure used to treat diseases or morbid conditions related to blood vessels, such as bleeding, arteriovenous malformation, aneurysm, and hypervascular tumors, through the intentional occlusion of blood vessels. Among various types of embolic agents that have been applied, liquid embolic agents are gaining an increasing amount of attention owing to their advantages in distal infiltration into regions where solid embolic agents cannot reach, enabling more extensive embolization. Meanwhile, recent advances in biomaterials and technologies have also contributed to the development of novel liquid embolic agents that can resolve the challenges faced while using the existing embolic materials. In this review, we briefly summarize the clinically used embolic agents and their applications, and then present selected research results that overcome the limitations of the embolic agents in use. Through this review, we suggest the required properties of liquid embolic agents that ensure efficacy, which can replace the existing agents, providing directions for the future development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giho Ko
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Spegcience (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Nohyun Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Department of Bionano Engineering and Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Spegcience (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Cheol Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Pan F, Schneider D, Ryschich E, Qian B, Vollherbst DF, Möhlenbruch MA, Jugold M, Eichwald V, Stenzel P, Pereira PL, Richter GM, Kauczor HU, Sommer CM, Do TD. In Vitro Characterization of a Novel Type of Radiopaque Doxorubicin-Loaded Microsphere. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2020; 43:636-647. [PMID: 31965224 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-020-02407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the material characteristics of a novel type of radiopaque doxorubicin-loaded microsphere (V-100) with radiopaque and non-radiopaque doxorubicin-loaded microspheres. MATERIALS AND METHODS The prototype V-100 featuring inherent radiopacity and three available commercial controls (DC-Bead-LUMI™-70-150, Embozene-Tandem™-100 and DC-Bead™-M1) were analyzed before and after doxorubicin loading (37.5 mg doxorubicin/1 ml microspheres) in suspension with aqua and/or aqua/iodixanol-320. Study goals included inherent radiopacity [e.g., using conventional computed tomography (CT)], doxorubicin loading efficacy, morphology using light and fluorescence microscopy, size distribution using laser diffraction/light scattering, time-in-suspension, rheological properties using rheometer analysis, and microsphere stability observed over a period of 5 days after doxorubicin loading. RESULTS V-100 showed good inherent radiopacity without adverse imaging artifacts. Under conventional CT, the quantitative radiopacity was as follows: 480.4 ± 2.9HU for V-100, 2432.7 ± 3.2HU for DC-Bead-LUMI™-70-150, 118.1 ± 3.0HU for Embozene-Tandem™-100, and 19.8 ± 1.5HU for DC-Bead™-M1. All of the types of microspheres showed a similar loading efficiency (> 98%) after 24 h; however, there were slower doxorubicin loading velocities for the radiopaque microspheres. The doxorubicin-loaded V-100 and Embozene-Tandem™-100 showed typical narrow-sized distributions. In aqua/iodixanol-320 suspension, doxorubicin-loaded V-100 showed the best suspension features and ideal deformability and elasticity characteristics. Similar to other microspheres, doxorubicin-loaded V-100 was very stable and storable for at least 5 days. CONCLUSION V-100 is a promising novel type of radiopaque doxorubicin-loaded microsphere. Compared with the controls, V-100 shows good inherent radiopacity without adverse imaging artifacts and with comparable doxorubicin loading efficacy. Further advantages of V-100 include narrow-sized distribution and excellent suspension, rheology, and stability features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pan
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daniel Schneider
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduard Ryschich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Baifeng Qian
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik F Vollherbst
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus A Möhlenbruch
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jugold
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Eichwald
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Stenzel
- Institute of Pathology, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philippe L Pereira
- Clinic for Radiology, Minimally-Invasive Therapies and Nuclearmedicine, SLK-Kliniken GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany
| | - Götz M Richter
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstrasse 60, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans U Kauczor
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof M Sommer
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstrasse 60, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Thuy D Do
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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