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Rana PS, Goparaju K, Driscoll JJ. Shutting off the fuel supply to target metabolic vulnerabilities in multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1141851. [PMID: 37361580 PMCID: PMC10285382 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1141851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathways that govern cellular bioenergetics are deregulated in tumor cells and represent a hallmark of cancer. Tumor cells have the capacity to reprogram pathways that control nutrient acquisition, anabolism and catabolism to enhance their growth and survival. Tumorigenesis requires the autonomous reprogramming of key metabolic pathways that obtain, generate and produce metabolites from a nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment to meet the increased bioenergetic demands of cancer cells. Intra- and extracellular factors also have a profound effect on gene expression to drive metabolic pathway reprogramming in not only cancer cells but also surrounding cell types that contribute to anti-tumor immunity. Despite a vast amount of genetic and histologic heterogeneity within and between cancer types, a finite set of pathways are commonly deregulated to support anabolism, catabolism and redox balance. Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy in adults and remains incurable in the vast majority of patients. Genetic events and the hypoxic bone marrow milieu deregulate glycolysis, glutaminolysis and fatty acid synthesis in MM cells to promote their proliferation, survival, metastasis, drug resistance and evasion of immunosurveillance. Here, we discuss mechanisms that disrupt metabolic pathways in MM cells to support the development of therapeutic resistance and thwart the effects of anti-myeloma immunity. A better understanding of the events that reprogram metabolism in myeloma and immune cells may reveal unforeseen vulnerabilities and advance the rational design of drug cocktails that improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka S. Rana
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Immune Oncology Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Krishna Goparaju
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - James J. Driscoll
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Immune Oncology Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Song Y, Du T, Ray A, Chauhan K, Samur M, Munshi N, Chauhan D, Anderson KC. Identification of novel anti-tumor therapeutic target via proteomic characterization of ubiquitin receptor ADRM1/Rpn13. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:13. [PMID: 33441535 PMCID: PMC7806750 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-020-00398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ting Du
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arghya Ray
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krishan Chauhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), Wentworth Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mehmet Samur
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikhil Munshi
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dharminder Chauhan
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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The extracellular matrix: A key player in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies. Blood Rev 2020; 48:100787. [PMID: 33317863 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells located in the bone marrow lay the foundation for multiple lineages of mature hematologic cells. Bone marrow niches are architecturally complex with specific cellular, physiochemical, and biomechanical factors. Increasing evidence suggests that the bone marrow microenvironment contributes to the pathogenesis of hematological neoplasms. Numerous studies have deciphered the role of genetic mutations and chromosomal translocations in the development hematologic malignancies. Significant progress has also been made in understanding how the cellular components and cytokine interactions within the bone marrow microenvironment promote the evolution of hematologic cancers. Although the extracellular matrix is known to be a key player in the pathogenesis of various diseases, it's role in the progression of hematologic malignancies is less understood. In this review, we discuss the interactions between the extracellular matrix and malignant cells, and provide an overview of the role of extracellular matrix remodeling in sustaining hematologic malignancies.
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Giannoni P, Fais F, Cutrona G, Totero DD. Hepatocyte Growth Factor: A Microenvironmental Resource for Leukemic Cell Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020292. [PMID: 30642077 PMCID: PMC6359660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the progressive expansion of B lymphocytes CD5+/CD23+ in peripheral blood, lymph-nodes, and bone marrow. The pivotal role played by the microenvironment in disease pathogenesis has become increasingly clear. We demonstrated that bone marrow stromal cells and trabecular bone cells sustain survival of leukemic B cells through the production of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Indeed the trans-membrane kinase receptor for HGF, c-MET, is expressed on CLL cells and STAT3 TYR705 or AKT phosphorylation is induced after HGF/c-MET interaction. We have further observed that c-MET is also highly expressed in a peculiar type of cells of the CLL-microenvironment showing nurturing features for the leukemic clone (nurse-like cells: NLCs). Since HGF treatment drives monocytes toward the M2 phenotype and NLCs exhibit features of tumor associated macrophages of type 2 we suggested that HGF, released either by cells of the microenvironment or leukemic cells, exerts a double effect: (i) enhances CLL cells survival and (ii) drives differentiation of monocytes-macrophages to an oriented immune suppressive phenotype. We here discuss how paracrine, but also autocrine production of HGF by malignant cells, may favor leukemic clone expansion and resistance to conventional drug treatments in CLL, as well as in other hematological malignancies. Novel therapeutic approaches aimed to block HGF/c-MET interactions are further proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giannoni
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, V. Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Franco Fais
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, L.go R. Benzi n.10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Cutrona
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, L.go R. Benzi n.10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Daniela de Totero
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Polyclinic Hospital San Martino, L.go R. Benzi n.10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Murphy-Ullrich JE, Suto MJ. Thrombospondin-1 regulation of latent TGF-β activation: A therapeutic target for fibrotic disease. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:28-43. [PMID: 29288716 PMCID: PMC6015530 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a central player in fibrotic disease. Clinical trials with global inhibitors of TGF-β have been disappointing, suggesting that a more targeted approach is warranted. Conversion of the latent precursor to the biologically active form of TGF-β represents a novel approach to selectively modulating TGF-β in disease, as mechanisms employed to activate latent TGF-β are typically cell, tissue, and/or disease specific. In this review, we will discuss the role of the matricellular protein, thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), in regulation of latent TGF-β activation and the use of an antagonist of TSP-1 mediated TGF-β activation in a number of diverse fibrotic diseases. In particular, we will discuss the TSP-1/TGF-β pathway in fibrotic complications of diabetes, liver fibrosis, and in multiple myeloma. We will also discuss emerging evidence for a role for TSP-1 in arterial remodeling, biomechanical modulation of TGF-β activity, and in immune dysfunction. As TSP-1 expression is upregulated by factors induced in fibrotic disease, targeting the TSP-1/TGF-β pathway potentially represents a more selective approach to controlling TGF-β activity in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Murphy-Ullrich
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, and Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, United States.
| | - Mark J Suto
- Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, United States
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High levels of FLT3-ligand in bone marrow and peripheral blood of patients with advanced multiple myeloma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181487. [PMID: 28727816 PMCID: PMC5519162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple myeloma (MM) is still incurable due to resistance against various therapies. Thus, the identification of biomarkers predicting progression is urgently needed. Here, we evaluated four biomarkers in bone marrow and peripheral blood of MM patients for their prognostic significance. Materials & methods Bone marrow- and peripheral blood plasma levels of FLT3-L, soluble TIE2, endostatin, and osteoactivin were determined in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS, n = 14/n = 4), patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM, n = 42/n = 31) and patients with relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM, n = 27/n = 16) by sandwich ELISA. Results Median FLT3-L expression increased from MGUS (58.77 pg/ml in bone marrow; 80.40 pg/ml in peripheral blood) to NDMM (63.15 pg/ml in bone marrow; 85.05 pg/ml in peripheral blood) and was maximal in RRMM (122 pg/ml in bone marrow; 160.47 pg/ml in peripheral blood; NDMM vs. RRMM p<0.001). A cut-off value of FLT3-L >92 pg/ml in bone marrow and >121 pg/ml in peripheral blood was associated with relapse or refractoriness in MM patients. FLT3-L was found to be a high predictive marker for discrimination between NDMM and RRMM as well in bone marrow as in peripheral blood (AUC 0.75 in bone marrow; vs 0.84 in peripheral blood). Conclusion High levels of FLT3-L in bone marrow and peripheral blood of MM patients identify patients with progressive disease and are associated with relapse or refractoriness in MM patients. FLT3-L could be useful as a marker to identify RRMM patients and should be evaluated as target for future therapies.
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Baljevic M, Zaman S, Baladandayuthapani V, Lin YH, de Partovi CM, Berkova Z, Amini B, Thomas SK, Shah JJ, Weber DM, Fu M, Cleeland CS, Wang XS, Stellrecht CM, Davis RE, Gandhi V, Orlowski RZ. Phase II study of the c-MET inhibitor tivantinib (ARQ 197) in patients with relapsed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:977-985. [PMID: 28337527 PMCID: PMC5406425 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-2980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET pathway has been implicated in the pathobiology of multiple myeloma, and c-MET inhibitors induce myeloma cell apoptosis, suggesting that they could be useful clinically. We conducted a phase II study with the c-MET inhibitor tivantinib in patients with relapsed, or relapsed and refractory myeloma whose disease had progressed after one to four prior therapies. Tivantinib, 360 mg orally per dose, was administered twice daily continuously over a 4-week treatment cycle without a cap on the number of allowed cycles, barring undue toxicities or disease progression. Primary objectives were to determine the overall response rate and the toxicities of tivantinib in this patient population. Sixteen patients were enrolled in a two-stage design. Notable grade 3 and 4 hematological adverse events were limited to neutropenia in five and four patients, respectively. Nonhematological adverse events of grade 3 or higher included hypertension (in four patients); syncope, infection, and pain (two each); and fatigue, cough, and pulmonary embolism (one each). Four of 11 evaluable patients (36%) had stable disease as their best response, while the remainder showed disease progression. Overall, tivantinib as a single agent did not show promise for unselected relapsed/refractory myeloma patients. However, the ability to achieve stable disease does suggest that combination regimens incorporating targeted inhibitors in patients with c-MET pathway activation could be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamed Baljevic
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shadia Zaman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yan Heather Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Zuzana Berkova
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Behrang Amini
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sheeba K Thomas
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jatin J Shah
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donna M Weber
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Min Fu
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles S Cleeland
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Shelley Wang
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine M Stellrecht
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard E Davis
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Z Orlowski
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Phase IB study of cabozantinib in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Blood 2016; 127:2355-6. [PMID: 27020089 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-694786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Phillip CJ, Zaman S, Shentu S, Balakrishnan K, Zhang J, Baladandayuthapani V, Taverna P, Redkar S, Wang M, Stellrecht CM, Gandhi V. Targeting MET kinase with the small-molecule inhibitor amuvatinib induces cytotoxicity in primary myeloma cells and cell lines. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:92. [PMID: 24326130 PMCID: PMC3878866 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated by the ligand HGF and this pathway promotes cell survival, migration, and motility. In accordance with its oncogenic role, MET is constitutively active, mutated, or over-expressed in many cancers. Corollary to its impact, inhibition of MET kinase activity causes reduction of the downstream signaling and demise of cells. In myeloma, a B-cell plasma malignancy, MET is neither mutated nor over-expressed, however, HGF is increased in plasma or serum obtained from myeloma patients and this was associated with poor prognosis. The small-molecule, amuvatinib, inhibits MET receptor tyrosine kinase. Based on this background, we hypothesized that targeting the HGF/MET signaling pathway is a rational approach to myeloma therapy and that myeloma cells would be sensitive to amuvatinib. METHODS Expression of MET and HGF mRNAs in normal versus malignant plasma cells was compared during disease progression. Cell death and growth as well as MET signaling pathway were assessed in amuvatinib treated primary myeloma cells and cell lines. RESULTS There was a progressive increase in the transcript levels of HGF (but not MET) from normal plasma cells to refractory malignant plasma cells. Amuvatinib readily inhibited MET phosphorylation in primary CD138+ cells from myeloma patients and in concordance, increased cell death. A 48-hr amuvatinib treatment in high HGF-expressing myeloma cell line, U266, resulted in growth inhibition. Levels of cytotoxicity were time-dependent; at 24, 48, and 72 h, amuvatinib (25 μM) resulted in 28%, 40%, and 55% cell death. Consistent with these data, there was an amuvatinib-mediated decrease in MET phosphorylation in the cell line. Amuvatinib at concentrations of 5, 10, or 25 μM readily inhibited HGF-dependent MET, AKT, ERK and GSK-3-beta phosphorylation. MET-mediated effects were not observed in myeloma cell line that has low MET and/or HGF expression. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that at the cellular level MET/HGF pathway inclines with myeloma disease progression. Amuvatinib, a small molecule MET kinase inhibitor, is effective in inducing growth inhibition and cell death in myeloma cell lines as well as primary malignant plasma cells. These cytostatic and cytotoxic effects were associated with an impact on MET/HGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornel Joseph Phillip
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shadia Zaman
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shujun Shentu
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kumudha Balakrishnan
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Veera Baladandayuthapani
- Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Wang
- Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christine Marie Stellrecht
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Tsirakis G, Roussou P, Pappa CA, Kolovou A, Vasilokonstantaki C, Miminas I, Kyriakaki S, Alegakis A, Alexandrakis MG. Increased serum levels of MIP-1alpha correlate with bone disease and angiogenic cytokines in patients with multiple myeloma. Med Oncol 2013; 31:778. [PMID: 24277416 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Many cytokines possess variable roles in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) is an osteoclast-activating factor with a major role in myeloma bone disease. The aim of the study was to examine its participation in the angiogenic process of the disease. We measured, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, its serum levels in 56 newly diagnosed myeloma patients, in several skeletal grades and stages of the disease and in 25 healthy controls. Concurrently, we measured serum levels of the angiogenic cytokines basic-fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and interleukin-18. All the above cytokines were higher in myeloma patients (p < 0.001 for all cases) and were increasing in parallel with disease stage (p < 0.001 for all cases) and skeletal grade (p < 0.04 for MIP-1alpha and p < 0.001 for the other cases). Moreover, positive correlations between MIP-1alpha and all the angiogenic cytokines were noted (p < 0.001 for all cases). MIP-1alpha seems to be a predominant factor responsible for the enhancement of bone resorption and increased angiogenesis. The positive correlation between MIP-1alpha and the angiogenic chemoattractants supports the involvement of these factors in the biology of myeloma cell growth. Moreover, they could be used as possible therapeutic targets as well as markers of disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tsirakis
- Hematology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, PO Box 1352, 71110, Heraklion, Greece
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BAFF and APRIL as TNF superfamily molecules and angiogenesis parallel progression of human multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol 2013; 93:635-44. [PMID: 24141333 PMCID: PMC3945232 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine with a wide spectrum of biological activity, including angiogenesis. B cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are members of the TNF-α family. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), on the other hand, is one of the most characteristic pro-angiogenic cytokines produced by multiple cell types in multiple myeloma (MM). We have analysed BAFF and APRIL concentrations in parallel with pro-angiogenic cytokines in serum and trephine biopsy, and the bone marrow microvascular density (MVD) in 50 patients with newly diagnosed IgG MM and 24 healthy volunteers. The study showed statistically higher concentrations of BAFF, APRIL and TNF-α, as well as VEGF and its receptor, in MM patients compared to healthy volunteers and patients in advanced stages of the disease. A statistically positive correlation between the concentration of TNF-α and the expression of VEGF was demonstrated, and so was a positive link between BAFF, APRIL, MVD and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease in all studied cytokines after anti-angiogenic therapy, with meaningful differences between responders (at least partial remission) and patients with stable disease. It was also established that APRIL, but not BAFF, correlated with pro-angiogenic cytokines such as VEGF with its receptor, MVD and syndecan-1. Finally, our results showed that serum BAFF and APRIL levels could be useful biomarkers of MM disease activity and its progression which suggests that APRIL could be a possible novel therapeutic target in MM.
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Abstract
Angiogenesis, recruitment of new blood vessels, is an essential component of the metastatic pathway. These vessels provide the principal route by which tumor cells exit the primary tumor site and enter the circulation. For many tumors, the vascular density can provide a prognostic indicator of metastatic potential, with the highly vascular primary tumors having a higher incidence of metastasis than poorly vascular tumors. The discovery and characterization of tumor-derived angiogenesis modulators greatly contributed to our understanding of how tumors regulate angiogenesis. However, although angiogenesis appears to be a rate-limiting event in tumor growth and metastatic dissemination, a direct connection between the induction of angiogenesis and the progression to tumor malignancy is less well understood. In this review, we discuss the observations concerning the modulation of angiogenesis and their implications in various neurological disorders, as well as their potential impact on cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göksemin Acar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
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Tykhomyrov AA. PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST K1-3 FRAGMENT OF HUMAN PLASMINOGEN. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2013. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech6.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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14
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Bhaskar A, Gupta R, Vishnubhatla S, Kumar L, Sharma A, Sharma MC, Das P, Thakur SC. Angiopoietins as biomarker of disease activity and response to therapy in multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 54:1473-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.745523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Bhaskar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi, India
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University,
New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi, India
| | | | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Chand Sharma
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,
New Delhi, India
| | - Sonu Chand Thakur
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University,
New Delhi, India
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Stapleton CJ, Armstrong DL, Zidovetzki R, Liu CY, Giannotta SL, Hofman FM. Thrombospondin-1 modulates the angiogenic phenotype of human cerebral arteriovenous malformation endothelial cells. Neurosurgery 2012; 68:1342-53; discussion 1353. [PMID: 21307796 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0b013e31820c0a68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is challenging, and invasive therapies place vital intracranial structures at risk of injury. The development of noninvasive, pharmacologic approaches relies on identifying factors that mediate key angiogenic processes. Previous studies indicate that endothelial cells (ECs) derived from cerebral AVM (AVM-ECs) are distinct from control brain ECs with regard to important angiogenic characteristics. OBJECTIVE To determine whether thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a potent angiostatic factor, regulates critical angiogenic features of AVM-ECs and to identify factors that modulate TSP-1 production in AVM-ECs. METHODS EC proliferation, migration, and tubule formation were evaluated with bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, Boyden chamber, and Matrigel studies, respectively. TSP-1 and inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 1 (Id1) mRNA levels were quantified with microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. TSP-1 protein expression was measured using Western blotting, immunohistochemical, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. The mechanistic link between Id1 and TSP-1 was established through small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Id1 in AVM-ECs followed by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments assessing TSP-1 production. RESULTS AVM-ECs proliferate faster, migrate more quickly, and form disorganized tubules compared with brain ECs. TSP-1 is significantly down-regulated in AVM-ECs. The addition of TSP-1 to AVM-EC cultures normalizes the rate of proliferation and migration and the efficiency of tubule formation, whereas brain ECs are unaffected. Id1 negatively regulates TSP-1 expression in AVM-ECs. CONCLUSION These data highlight a novel role for TSP-1 in the pathobiology of AVM angiogenesis and provide a context for its use in the clinical management of brain AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Stapleton
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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Otjacques E, Binsfeld M, Noel A, Beguin Y, Cataldo D, Caers J. Biological aspects of angiogenesis in multiple myeloma. Int J Hematol 2011; 94:505-18. [PMID: 22086206 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-011-0963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the aberrant expansion of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow (BM). One of the hallmarks of this disease is the close interaction between myeloma cells and neighboring cells within the BM. Angiogenesis, through the activation of endothelial cells, plays an essential role in MM biology. In the current review, we describe the angiogenesis process in MM by identifying the interacting cells, the pro- and anti-angiogenic cytokines modulated, and the extracellular matrix degrading proteases liable to participate in the pathophysiology. Finally, we highlight the impact of hypoxia (through hypoxia-inducible factor-1) and constitutive activation of nuclear factor-κB in this tumor-induced neo-vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Otjacques
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, Belgium
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17
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Gu X, Yao Y, Cheng R, Zhang Y, Dai Z, Wan G, Yang Z, Cai W, Gao G, Yang X. Plasminogen K5 activates mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in endothelial cells by regulating Bak and Bcl-x(L) subcellular distribution. Apoptosis 2011; 16:846-55. [PMID: 21656147 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasminogen Kringle 5(K5) is a proteolytic fragment of plasminogen, which displays potent anti-angiogenic activities. K5 has been shown to induce apoptosis in proliferating endothelial cells; however the exact mechanism has not been well explored. The present study was designed to elucidate the possible molecular mechanism of K5-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Our results showed that K5 inhibited basic fibroblast growth factors activated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), indicating proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and induced endothelial cell death via apoptosis. K5 exposure activated caspase 7, 8 and 9. These results suggested that both the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and extrinsic pathway might be involved in K5-induced apoptosis. K5 reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of HUVECs, demonstrating mitochondrial depolarization in HUVECs. K5 increased the ratio of Bak to Bcl-x(L) on mitochondria, decreased the ratio in cytosol, and had no effect on the total amounts of these proteins. K5 also did not effect on Bax/Bcl-2 distribution. K5 increased the ratio of Bak to Bcl-x(L) on mitochondrial that resulted in mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome c release and consequently the cleavage of caspase 9. These results suggested that K5 induces endothelial cell apoptosis at least in part via activating mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The regulation of K5 on Bak and Bcl-x(L) distribution may play an important role in endothelial cell apoptosis. These results provide further insight into the anti-angiogenesis roles of K5 in angiogenesis-related ocular diseases and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Gu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
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Akkök CA, Hervig T, Stamnesfet S, Nesthus I, Melve GK, Lassalle P, Bruserud O. Effects of peripheral blood stem cell apheresis on systemic cytokine levels in patients with multiple myeloma. Cytotherapy 2011; 13:1259-68. [PMID: 21905955 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2011.605117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS. Pro-angiogenic cytokines can affect myeloma cell proliferation directly and indirectly through stimulation of cancer-associated angiogenesis. METHODS. We investigated how peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection affected plasma angioregulatory cytokine levels in 15 consecutive myeloma patients. RESULTS. Plasma levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were significantly increased prior to apheresis in patients compared with donors, and a further increase was detected immediately after PBSC apheresis. HGF levels decreased within 24 h, but were still higher than the levels in healthy donors, whose HGF levels were not altered by platelet apheresis. Pre-apheresis levels of other angioregulatory cytokines, angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were also increased in patients, whereas angiopoietin-1, angiogenin and basic fibroblast growth factor levels did not differ from healthy controls. PBSC harvesting decreased angiopoietin-1 and VEGF levels, increased the microvascular endothelial cell marker endocan levels but did not affect the other mediators. CONCLUSIONS. Our results show that PBSC apheresis alters systemic angioregulatory profiles in myeloma patients. This cytokine modulation is not a general characteristic of all apheresis procedures and was not seen in healthy platelet donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciğdem Akalin Akkök
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
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Fuhler GM, Diks SH, Peppelenbosch MP, Kerr WG. Widespread deregulation of phosphorylation-based signaling pathways in multiple myeloma cells: opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Mol Med 2011; 17:790-8. [PMID: 21541441 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplasm of plasma cell origin that is largely confined to the bone marrow (BM). Chromosomal translocations and other genetic events are known to contribute to deregulation of signaling pathways that lead to transformation of plasma cells and progression to malignancy. However, the tumor stroma may also provide trophic support and enhance resistance to therapy. Phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine, serine and threonine residues plays a pivotal role in cell growth and survival. Therefore, knowing the status of phosphorylation-based signaling pathways in cells may provide key insights into how cell growth and survival is promoted in tumor cells. To provide a more comprehensive molecular analysis of signaling disruptions in MM, we conducted a kinome profile comparison of normal plasma cells and MM plasma cells as well as their surrounding cells from normal BM and diseased BM. Integrated pathway analysis of the profiles obtained reveals deregulation of multiple signaling pathways in MM cells but also in surrounding bone marrow blood cells compared to their normal counterparts. The deregulated kinase activities identified herein, which include the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)/p70S6K and ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2) pathways, are potential novel molecular targets in this lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenny Manel Fuhler
- Department of Gasteroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Vascular endothelial growth factor-related pathways in hemato-lymphoid malignancies. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2010; 2010:729725. [PMID: 20508816 PMCID: PMC2875768 DOI: 10.1155/2010/729725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for malignant tumor growth. This has been documented for solid tumors, and there is an emerging evidence suggesting that tumor progression of hematolymphoid malignancies also depends on the induction of new blood vessel formation. The most important proangiogenic agent is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), activating VEGF receptors 1 and 2. The available data on angiogenesis in hemato-lymphoid malignancies, such as acute leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms, multiple myeloma, and lymphomas, point towards the significance of autocrine and paracrine VEGF-mediated effects for proliferation and survival of leukemia/lymphoma cells in addition to tumor vascularization. Antiangiogenic strategies have become an important therapeutic modality for solid tumors. Several antiangiogenic agents targeting VEGF-related pathways are also being utilized in clinical trials for the treatment of hemato-lymphoid malignancies, and in some instances these pathways have emerged as promising therapeutic targets. This review summarizes recent advances in the basic understanding of the role of angiogenesis in hemato-lymphoid malignancies and the translation of such basic findings into clinical studies.
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