Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma complicated with hemophagocytic syndrome in an elderly woman

Lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (LA-HLH): a scoping review unveils clinical and diagnostic patterns of a lymphoma subgroup with poor prognosis

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe hyperinflammatory syndrome driven by pathologic activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Despite advances in diagnostics and management, adult patients with lymphoma-associated HLH (LA-HLH) harbor particularly poor prognosis and optimal treatment remains challenging. As systematic data on LA-HLH are scarce, we aimed to synthesize research evidence by thorough analysis of the published literature in PubMed (MEDLINE-database) within the context of a scoping review. Of 595 search results, 132 articles providing information on 542 patients were reviewed and analyzed. Median patient age was 60 years (range, 18-98) with male predominance (62.7%). B- and T-NHL were equally represented (45.6% and 45.2%), Hodgkin's lymphoma was reported in 8.9% of the cases. The majority of patients (91.6%) presented in Ann-Arbor-Stages III and IV, and bone marrow infiltration was observed in a significant proportion of patients (61.5%). Soluble CD25 levels were markedly elevated (median 10,000 U/ml), with levels beyond 10,000 U/ml indicating unfavorable prognosis for 30-day and overall survival. 66.8% of the patients died after median 5.1 months. LA-HLH remains a clinical challenge requiring specialized management. Timely diagnosis and appropriate lymphoma-specific treatment are of utmost importance to enhance patient outcomes.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a patient with angioimmunoblastic lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare disorder characterized by a proliferation of phagocytic histiocytes in hematopoietic organs. It is accompanied by systemic manifestations and frequently has an abrupt onset with a fulminant clinical course and high mortality. Awareness of this condition is important since early diagnosis and initiation of treatment is critical for a successful outcome. The authors report a patient with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with angioimmunoblastic lymphoma, describe the clinical and histological features of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and review the literature on this condition.