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Wagner CB, Julian K, Bryan B, Steinbach MN, Shewan S, Maxwell L, Vigil M, Mohyuddin GR, Godara A, McClune B, Galarza Fortuna G, Sborov D. Novel chemotherapy combination of carfilzomib with dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide and cisplatin (K-DCEP) for the treatment of relapsed/refractory aggressive plasma cell dyscrasias. Leuk Lymphoma 2024:1-4. [PMID: 38824620 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2350670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte B Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Utah Hospitals and Clinics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, UT, USA
| | - Kelley Julian
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Utah Hospitals and Clinics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, UT, USA
| | - Baylee Bryan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Utah Hospitals and Clinics, Huntsman Cancer Institute, UT, USA
| | - Mary N Steinbach
- Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Huntsman Cancer Institute, UT, USA
| | - Samuel Shewan
- Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Huntsman Cancer Institute, UT, USA
| | - Lindsay Maxwell
- Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Huntsman Cancer Institute, UT, USA
| | - Meghan Vigil
- Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Huntsman Cancer Institute, UT, USA
| | | | - Amandeep Godara
- Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Huntsman Cancer Institute, UT, USA
| | - Brian McClune
- Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Huntsman Cancer Institute, UT, USA
| | | | - Douglas Sborov
- Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Huntsman Cancer Institute, UT, USA
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Mouhieddine TH, Moshier E, Thibaud S, Puliafito B, Rattu M, Jakubowski R, Sanchez L, Rossi A, Rodriguez C, Richard S, Cho HJ, Parekh S, Chari A, Steinberg A, Richter J. Bridging advanced myeloma patients to subsequent treatments and clinical trials with classical chemotherapy and stem cell support. Bone Marrow Transplant 2023; 58:80-86. [PMID: 36261708 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-022-01848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly progressing relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients with compromised marrow have limited treatment options. Thus, non-myeloablative chemotherapy with a stem cell boost (SCB) may provide disease control and hematopoietic improvement as bridge to subsequent therapies. We identified 96 patients who received a SCB between January 2011 and December 2019 at the Mount Sinai Hospital. Patients had a median age of 64 years, received a median of 7 prior lines of therapy and 68 and 42% were triple-class and penta-drug refractory, respectively. Chemotherapy included melphalan (MEL) (n = 16), melphalan + carmustine (BCNU/MEL) (n = 52) or a variant of DCEP (dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, cisplatin) (n = 28). Median time to neutrophil recovery was 10 days and was significantly lower with DCEP (8 days) compared to MEL and BCNU/MEL (10-11 days) (p = 0.0047). Time to progression, progression-free survival and overall survival were 3.19, 2.7 and 8.38 months, respectively. The BCNU/MEL group had the highest response rate of 85% (p = 0.05), clinical benefit rate of 94% (p = 0.0014), progression-free survival of 3.3 months (p = 0.4) and overall survival of 8.7 months (p = 0.5). Sixty-six patients (69%) were bridged to new lines of therapy, including clinical trials. Non-myeloablative chemotherapy with SCB provides rapid disease control and marrow recovery with potential to receive further therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek H Mouhieddine
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Erin Moshier
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Santiago Thibaud
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Benjamin Puliafito
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mohammad Rattu
- Department of Pharmacy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Rita Jakubowski
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Larysa Sanchez
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Adriana Rossi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Cesar Rodriguez
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Shambavi Richard
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hearn Jay Cho
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Samir Parekh
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ajai Chari
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Amir Steinberg
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joshua Richter
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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de Arriba de la Fuente F, Montes Gaisán C, de la Rubia Comos J. How to Manage Patients with Lenalidomide-Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010155. [PMID: 36612152 PMCID: PMC9818178 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although lenalidomide-based combinations, such as lenalidomide plus a proteasome inhibitor or an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, improve the overall response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival of patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), there is a tendency to use these regimens as a frontline treatment. This strategy has led to the development of refractoriness early in the disease course, usually after the patient's first treatment. Since lenalidomide-free regimens have so far shown limited efficacy in lenalidomide-refractory patients, there is an unmet need for other treatment options. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic options available to treat the general population of lenalidomide-refractory patients (mono, double and triple refractory) and the subpopulation of patients with other high-risk features such as renal failure, extramedullary disease, and high-risk cytogenetics. Moreover, new promising individual therapies and the possible impact of immunotherapy in RRMM patients are debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe de Arriba de la Fuente
- Haematology and Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biomédica (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Universidad de Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Montes Gaisán
- Haematology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Cantabria, Spain
| | - Javier de la Rubia Comos
- Haematology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe and Universidad Católica “San Vicente Mártir”, CIBERONC CB16/12/00284, 46001 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Togano T, Andoh S, Komuro M, Mitsui Y, Itoi S, Hirai R, Nakamura M, Tanimura A, Sekine R, Takeshita M, Miwa A, Hagiwara S. Bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone-cisplatin-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide-etoposide as a Salvage and Bridging Regimen before Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Intern Med 2022; 61:3329-3334. [PMID: 35466165 PMCID: PMC9751732 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9097-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Currently, treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma is challenging. Although bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone-cisplatin-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide-etoposide (VTD-PACE), a potent combination of a proteasome inhibitor, immunomodulatory drug, and conventional chemotherapeutics, is a widely used regimen, its efficacy and safety are unclear. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 35 patients treated with VTD-PACE. Results The overall response rate was 65.7% (complete response, 5.7%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 8.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9-15.0] and 20.0 (95% CI, 17.5-22.5) months, respectively. Twenty-two (62.9%) patients developed grade 3-4 infections, and no therapy-related deaths occurred. Sixteen of 25 patients (64%) underwent stem cell harvest successfully with more than 2.0×106/kg of CD34 cells after VTD-PACE. Twenty-two patients underwent autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). The response and survival durations were short in patients without SCT after VTD-PACE [median PFS: 4.0 (95% CI, 2.7-5.3) months; OS: 14.0 (6.9-21.0) months]; however, these responses significantly improved with SCT following VTD-PACE. The PFS was 8.0 (NA) months (p=0.024), and the OS was 21.0 (19.1-22.8) months (p=0.019). Conclusion VTD-PACE is an effective and tolerable salvage regimen and feasible bridging therapy for SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomiteru Togano
- Department of Hematology, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Shohei Andoh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Komuro
- Department of Pharmacy, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Yurika Mitsui
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Japan
| | - Satoru Itoi
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Risen Hirai
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo-Kita Medical Center, Japan
| | - Miki Nakamura
- Department of Hematology, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Akira Tanimura
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo-Kita Medical Center, Japan
| | - Rieko Sekine
- Department of Hematology, Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Akiyoshi Miwa
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo-Kita Medical Center, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hagiwara
- Department of Hematology, Tsukuba University Hospital Mito Clinical Education and Training Center, Japan
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Byun JM, Min CK, Kim K, Bang SM, Lee JJ, Kim JS, Yoon SS, Koh Y. Phase II trial of daratumumab with DCEP in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients with extramedullary disease. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:150. [PMID: 36274163 PMCID: PMC9590218 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMD) is an aggressive subentity of multiple myeloma (MM) with poor prognosis. As more innovative therapeutic approaches are needed for the treatment of MM with EMD, we conducted this multicenter, non-randomized phase II trial of daratumumab in combination with dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide and cisplatin (DARA-DCEP). A total of 32 patients (median age 59, range 35–73) were treated with DARA-DCEP. Based on the best response during the study, the complete remission (CR) rate was 35.5% and overall response rate (ORR) 67.7%. During the median follow-up of 11 months, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5 months and median overall survival (OS) 10 months. There were 7 long-term responders whose median PFS was not reached. The most common grade ≥ 3 hematologic AE was thrombocytopenia. The most common non-hematologic AE was nausea (22.6%), followed by dyspepsia, diarrhea and stomatitis (all 12.9%). Grade ≥ 3 daratumumab infusion-related reaction was noted in 9.7% of the patients. Except for the planned 30% dose adjustment in cycle 1, only 2 patients required DCEP dose reduction. This is one of the very few prospective trials focusing on EMD and we successfully laid grounds for implementing immunochemotherapy in MM treatment.
This is one of the very few prospective trials focusing on refractory multiple myeloma with extramdedullary disease (EMD). We successfully laid grounds for implementing immunochemotherapy in EMD treatment.
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Park H, Byun JM, Yoon SS, Koh Y, Yoon SW, Shin DY, Hong J, Kim I. Cyclophosphamide addition to pomalidomide/dexamethasone is not necessarily associated with universal benefits in RRMM. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0260113. [PMID: 35085238 PMCID: PMC8794080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the backdrop of rapidly changing relapsed/refractory (RR) multiple myeloma (MM) treatment schema that mainly evolves around immunotherapies, it is easy to disregard more traditional drugs. Finding the best partner for pomalidomide, a potent third-generation immunomodulatory drug, is an important agenda we face as a community and cyclophosphamide addition has been used for outcomes augmentation. We carried out this real-world study to identify patients who will show durable response to pomalidomide and those who will benefit from cyclophosphamide addition. A total of 103 patients (57 in pomalidomide-dexamethasone [Pd] group versus 46 in pomalidomide-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone [PCd]) were studied. They were previously treated with bortezomib (98.1%) or lenalidomide (100%) and previous lines of therapy were median 3 lines. Significantly better overall response rate (ORR) was seen in the PCd (75.6%) than Pd (41.7%) group (p = 0.001), but no differences in survival outcomes. Subgroup analysis revealed that high-risk myeloma features, poor response to lenalidomide or bortezomib had superior ORRs when cyclophosphamide was added. Also, long-term responders for pomalidomide were associated with excellent response to previous IMiD treatments. Pomalidomide-based therapy was discontinued in five patients due to intolerance or adverse events, but there was no mortality during treatment. In conclusion, we showed that pomalidomide-based treatment is still relevant and can ensure durable response in RRMM setting, especially for patients who responded well to previous lenalidomide. Addition of cyclophosphamide to Pd is associated with better ORR, and can be positively considered in fit patients with high-risk MM, extramedullary disease, and less-than-satisfactory response to previous lenalidomide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Min Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SSY); (YK)
| | - Youngil Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SSY); (YK)
| | - Sock-Won Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Yeop Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junshik Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abdallah A, Mohyuddin GR, Ahmed N, Mohan M, Cui W, Shune L, Mahmoudjafari Z, McGuirk J, Ganguly S, Atrash S. Outcomes of VDPACE with an immunomodulatory agent as a salvage therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with extramedullary disease. EJHAEM 2021; 2:757-764. [PMID: 35845187 PMCID: PMC9175829 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Extramedullary disease (EMD) is an aggressive form of multiple myeloma (MM). Confirming the presence of plasma cells outside the bone marrow makes the diagnosis of EMD. There is no clear consensus on the management of EMD in MM, and this entity continues to remain an unmet need. Rapidly controlling EMD to prevent end-organ damage is a priority. Retrospectively, we reviewed our database for patients with EMD that received treatment with bortezomib, dexamethasone, cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide (VDPACE) plus an immune modulator (IMiD) regimen. We identified 21 patients with a median age of 61 years. Ten patients received a VDPACE based regimen as a bridge to autologus stem cell transplant (ASCT). After a median follow-up of 51.4 months, the median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival were 14.9 months (95% CI: 7.8-NA) and 5.5 months (95% CI: 3.9-NA), respectively. The overall response rate was 76%, with a manageable safety profile. Interestingly, these results were similar regardless of the presence of high-risk cytogenetics. The safety profile was acceptable. In conclusion, a salvage VDPACE-based regimen plus an IMiD remains an effective and safe bridging therapy to future ASCT and immunotherapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients with EMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al‐Ola Abdallah
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterWestwoodKansasUSA
| | | | - Nausheen Ahmed
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterWestwoodKansasUSA
| | - Meera Mohan
- Division of Hematology/OncologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Wei Cui
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Leyla Shune
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterWestwoodKansasUSA
| | | | - Joseph McGuirk
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterWestwoodKansasUSA
| | - Siddhartha Ganguly
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies & Cellular TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterWestwoodKansasUSA
| | - Shebli Atrash
- Levine Cancer InstituteCarolinas Healthcare SystemCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA
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Nehlsen AD, Sindhu KK, Moshier E, Richter J, Richard S, Chari A, Sanchez L, Parekh S, Cho HJ, Jagannath S, Dharmarajan K. The Safety and Efficacy of Radiation Therapy with Concurrent Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide, Etoposide, and Cisplatin-Based Systemic Therapy for Multiple Myeloma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2021; 22:192-197. [PMID: 34736880 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The concurrent delivery of radiation therapy (RT) with salvage chemotherapies in the management of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM) is an area of ongoing investigation. This study examined the safety and efficacy of palliative RT given in the setting of concurrent dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin (DCEP). PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-five patients with MM received RT to 64 different sites within three weeks of receiving DCEP from 2010 to 2020. A median dose of 20 Gray (range 8-32.5 Gy) was delivered in a median of 5 fractions (range 1-15). Patients received a median of 1 cycle (range 1-5) of DCEP. Rates of hematologic and RT toxicity were recorded along with pain, radiographic, and laboratory responses to treatment. RESULTS RT was completed in 98% of patients. 21% of patients experienced RTOG grade 3+ hematologic toxicity before RT, which increased to 35% one-month post-RT (P = .13) before decreasing to 12% at 3 to 6 months (P = .02). The most common toxicity experienced was thrombocytopenia. Grade 1 to 2 non-hematologic RT-related toxicity was reported in 15% of patients while on treatment and fell to 6% one-month after completing RT. Pain resolved in 94% of patients with symptomatic lesions at baseline. Stable disease or better was observed in 34/39 (87%) of the targeted lesions on surveillance imaging. CONCLUSION RT administered concurrently with DCEP was well-tolerated by most of the patients in this series, with low rates of hematologic and RT-related toxicity. RT was also very effective, with the vast majority of patients demonstrating resolution of their pain and a significant response on follow-up imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Nehlsen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Radiation Oncology, NY, NY, USA.
| | - Kunal K Sindhu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Radiation Oncology, NY, NY, USA
| | - Erin Moshier
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Biostatistics, NY, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Richter
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Hematology and Oncology, NY, NY, USA
| | - Shambavi Richard
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Hematology and Oncology, NY, NY, USA
| | - Ajai Chari
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Hematology and Oncology, NY, NY, USA
| | - Larysa Sanchez
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Hematology and Oncology, NY, NY, USA
| | - Samir Parekh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Hematology and Oncology, NY, NY, USA
| | - Hearn Jay Cho
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Hematology and Oncology, NY, NY, USA
| | - Sundar Jagannath
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Hematology and Oncology, NY, NY, USA
| | - Kavita Dharmarajan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Radiation Oncology, NY, NY, USA
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Treatment Strategies Considering Micro-Environment and Clonal Evolution in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020215. [PMID: 33435539 PMCID: PMC7827913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma is an uncurable hematological malignancy, although the prognosis of myeloma patients is getting better using proteasome inhibitors (PIs), immune modulatory drugs (IMiDs), monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), and cytotoxic agents. Drug resistance makes myeloma difficult to treat and it can be subdivided into two broad categories: de novo and acquired. De novo drug resistance is associated with the bone marrow microenvironment including bone marrow stromal cells, the vascular niche and endosteal niche. Acquired drug resistance is related to clonal evolution and non-genetic diversity. The initial treatment plays the most important role considering de novo and acquired drug resistance and should contain PIs, IMIDs, MoAbs, and autologous stem cell transplantation because these treatments improve the bone marrow microenvironment and might prevent clonal evolution via sustained deep response including minimal residual disease negativity. Abstract Multiple myeloma is an uncurable hematological malignancy because of obtained drug resistance. Microenvironment and clonal evolution induce myeloma cells to develop de novo and acquired drug resistance, respectively. Cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance, which is induced by the interaction between myeloma and bone marrow stromal cells, and soluble factor-mediated drug resistance, which is induced by cytokines and growth factors, are two types of de novo drug resistance. The microenvironment, including conditions such as hypoxia, vascular and endosteal niches, contributes toward de novo drug resistance. Clonal evolution was associated with acquired drug resistance and classified as branching, linear, and neutral evolutions. The branching evolution is dependent on the microenvironment and escape of immunological surveillance while the linear and neutral evolution is independent of the microenvironment and associated with aggressive recurrence and poor prognosis. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs), immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), monoclonal antibody agents (MoAbs), and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) have improved prognosis of myeloma via improvement of the microenvironment. The initial treatment plays the most important role considering de novo and acquired drug resistance and should contain PIs, IMIDs, MoAb and ASCT. This review summarizes the role of anti-myeloma agents for microenvironment and clonal evolution and treatment strategies to overcome drug resistance.
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Becnel MR, Lee HC. The role of belantamab mafodotin for patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Ther Adv Hematol 2020; 11:2040620720979813. [PMID: 33403093 PMCID: PMC7739070 DOI: 10.1177/2040620720979813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Belantamab mafodotin (belamaf) is a first-in-class anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that recently gained regulatory approval for the treatment of relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients who have received at least four prior therapies including an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody (mAb), a proteasome inhibitor (PI), and an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD). As the first BCMA-targeted therapy to be approved in multiple myeloma along with its "off-the-shelf" outpatient administration, belamaf addresses a significant unmet need in RRMM that is refractory to IMiD, PI, and anti-CD38 mAb therapy, otherwise known as triple-class refractory myeloma. Belamaf is also associated with frequent corneal ocular adverse events, which represents a unique toxicity in multiple myeloma therapeutics, and its administration requires a multidisciplinary approach with oncologists and eye care specialists to safely and effectively manage patients on belamaf therapy. In this review, we discuss the preclinical and clinical data leading to the regulatory approval of belamaf, the monitoring and mitigation strategies of corneal ocular adverse events, and its current and future role in the RRMM treatment landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody R Becnel
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hans C Lee
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 429, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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11
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Ainley L, Chavda SJ, Counsell N, Cheesman S, Newrick F, Horder J, Kyriakou C, Papanikolaou X, Sive J, Lee L, Wechalekar A, Mehta A, Popat R, Rabin N, Yong K. DT-PACE/ESHAP chemotherapy regimens as salvage therapy for multiple myeloma prior to autologous stem cell transplantation. Br J Haematol 2020; 192:e73-e77. [PMID: 33236352 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ainley
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, London, UK
| | | | | | - Simon Cheesman
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, London, UK
| | - Fiona Newrick
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, London, UK
| | - Jackie Horder
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, London, UK
| | - Charalampia Kyriakou
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, London, UK
| | - Xenofon Papanikolaou
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Sive
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, London, UK
| | - Lydia Lee
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, London, UK
| | - Ashutosh Wechalekar
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, London, UK
| | - Atul Mehta
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, London, UK
| | - Rakesh Popat
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, London, UK
| | - Neil Rabin
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, London, UK
| | - Kwee Yong
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, London, UK.,Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
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12
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Long-Term Effectiveness and Cost Effectiveness of Multiple Myeloma Treatment Strategies for Elderly Transplant-Ineligible Patients in Serbia. Zdr Varst 2020; 59:83-91. [PMID: 32952707 PMCID: PMC7478073 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2020-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Evidence on long-term effectiveness and cost effectiveness of treatment sequences for multiple myeloma (MM) is sparse. We used published data and country-specific data to assess the cost effectiveness of four-line treatment sequences for elderly transplant-ineligible patients with MM in Serbia. Method We developed a Markov cohort model to compare long-term effectiveness and cost effectiveness of five sequential MM treatment alternatives from the perspective of the national healthcare provider. Effectiveness parameters on progression, mortality and adverse events were extracted from published clinical trials. Costs were based on price lists of the National Health Insurance Fund. We compared life expectancy, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios among alternative courses of action. The model was analyzed over a lifelong time horizon applying a 3% annual discount rate for effectiveness outcomes and costs. Robustness of the model was tested in multiple deterministic sensitivity analyses. Results The sequences were defined by the frontline treatment: MPT (melphalan-prednisone-thalidomide), MPV (melphalanprednisone-bortezomib), CTD (cyclophosphamide-thalidomide-dexamethasone), VCD (bortezomib-cyclophosphamidedexamethasone) and BP (bendamustine-prednisone). MPV sequence resulted in the highest remaining life expectancy (4.76 life years). Cost-effectiveness analysis resulted in three non-dominated strategies: MPT, VCD, and MPV sequences, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of EUR 35,300 per life-year gained (LYG) for VCD and EUR 47,200/LYG for MPV relative to MPT. Conclusion MPV sequence was the most effective in terms of life expectancy for elderly transplant-ineligible MM patients in Serbia. Bortezomib-based strategies would be recommended for the frontline treatment of patients with MM in Serbia if the willingness-to-pay threshold is around EUR 35,000-60,000/LYG.
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13
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Lee HC, Cerchione C. How I treat relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Hematol Rep 2020; 12:8955. [PMID: 33042504 PMCID: PMC7520845 DOI: 10.4081/hr.2020.8955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The expanding therapeutic landscape of relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) has contributed to significant improvements in patient outcomes. These have included combinations of proteasome inhibitors (PIs), immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), histone deacetylase inhibitors, and/or alkylating agents. More recently, the approval of the first-in-class nuclear export inhibitor selinexor and the first-in-class B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) belantamab mafodotin has helped address the current unmet need in patients refractory to PI, IMiD, and anti- CD38 mAb directed therapy, otherwise known as triple class refractory myeloma. With the growing number of treatment options in the RRMM therapeutic landscape, the choice and sequencing of drugs and combinations has become increasingly complex. In this review we discuss our approach and considerations in the treatment of both early and late RRRM based on best available data and our clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Lee
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudio Cerchione
- Hematology Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola (FC), Italy
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14
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Gentile M, Morabito F, Martino M, Vigna E, Martino EA, Mendicino F, Martinelli G, Cerchione C. Chemotherapy-based regimens in multiple myeloma in 2020. Panminerva Med 2020; 63:7-12. [PMID: 32955186 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.20.04145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) represents the second-most common hematologic malignancy. In the 1980s, induction therapy with alkylating agents, such as anthracyclines and steroids, as well as high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation were the main therapeutic approaches for MM. Since the introduction of more effective drugs, such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies and histone deacetylase inhibitor, the new therapeutic algorithm allows of achieving a significantly improvement of prognosis. Numerous regimens, which differently combine these new agents, have been developed and tested in clinical trials. The results of these new regimens are reported each year. In this variegated new contest, old chemotherapeutic drugs still maintain an overriding weight, especially when beneficially combined with new drugs. Also, this is particular true in specific situations, such as extramedullary manifestations, in which tumor mass reduction becomes an urgent clinical need, or in case of chemotherapy-induced stem-cell mobilization. Moreover, melphalan represents the gold standard conditioning regimen since 2002, either alone or, possibly in the next future, in combination with busulfan. Finally, new chemotherapeutic agents with new mechanisms of action, such as melflufen, are in early experimental phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Massimo Martino
- Unit of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Ernesto Vigna
- Unit of Hematology, Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Martinelli
- IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Claudio Cerchione
- Unit of Hematology, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
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15
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Li T, Timmins HC, Lazarus HM, Park SB. Peripheral neuropathy in hematologic malignancies – Past, present and future. Blood Rev 2020; 43:100653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Lee JH, Kim SH. Treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Blood Res 2020; 55:S43-S53. [PMID: 32719176 PMCID: PMC7386890 DOI: 10.5045/br.2020.s008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic strategy for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) integrates a holistic approach regarding patient, disease, and drug-related factors. Patient-related factors include age, frailty status, and underlying comorbidities, especially cardiovascular and renal diseases and peripheral neuropathies that affect tolerability to multiple drug combinations or transplantations. Disease-related factors encompass these multiple patient-related factors, particularly the aggressiveness of the disease and cytogenetics. Regarding drug-related factors, the approval of novel proteasome inhibitors (such as carfilzomib and ixazomib), immunomodulatory agents (such as pomalidomide), monoclonal antibodies (such as daratumumab and elotuzumab), and new classes of drugs increasingly makes the choice treatment more complex and necessitates a comprehensive summary and an update of the efficacy and toxicities of each antimyeloma drug and its combinations. Further, careful monitoring of the side effects and supportive care throughout the course of treatment are important to achieve better outcomes for patients with RRMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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17
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DCEP and bendamustine/prednisone as salvage therapy for quad- and penta-refractory multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:1041-1048. [PMID: 32130471 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-03970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) almost invariably progresses through novel therapies. Patients with quad-refractory MM (refractory to bortezomib, carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide) and penta-refractory MM (additional refractoriness to daratumumab) have few treatment options. Two chemotherapy regimens, bendamustine/prednisone (BP) and dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin (DCEP), are often used in quad- and penta-refractory MM, but there are limited data on outcomes in this heavily pre-treated population. We conducted a single-center retrospective study to identify all patients who received DCEP and/or BP for quad- or penta-refractory MM. Disease response and refractoriness were defined by International Myeloma Working Group criteria. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and duration of response (DOR). We identified 27 patients who received BP for quad- or penta-refractory MM. The median number of prior lines of therapy was 6. The ORR for BP was 26%. The median PFS for BP was 1.4 months (95% CI 1.1-1.6) and median OS was 8.7 months (95% CI 2.3-15.0). Patients treated with cyclophosphamide had less response to BP. Thirty-one patients received DCEP for quad-refractory or penta-refractory MM. The median number of prior treatment regimens was 8. The ORR to DCEP was 35%. The median PFS was 2.7 months (95% CI 1.5-3.8) and median OS was 6.2 months (95% CI 4.4-7.8). DCEP and BP retain efficacy in quad- and penta-refractory MM. Our analysis supports prospective study of these regimens, possibly in combination or in comparison with other agents in this area of unmet need.
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18
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Multiple Myeloma in a Young Female Presenting with Neurological Symptoms. Case Rep Hematol 2020; 2020:1375174. [PMID: 32099696 PMCID: PMC7040387 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1375174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma is overall the 14th most common malignancy but is rarely seen in those younger than 35 years. Those in the younger age group have been shown to have a more aggressive course but reportedly have had similar responses to treatment compared to older cohorts. Extramedullary plasmacytomas are discrete soft tissue masses of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells that often occur in patients with multiple myeloma. Case This case entails a young female with new diagnosis of multiple myeloma and multiple extramedullary plasmacytomas presenting with neurological symptoms. She was treated with CyBorD regimen but was refractory and progressed. Treatment was changed to DCEP regimen, and daratumumab was added for primary refractory myeloma. The patient improved rapidly. Conclusion This is a unique case of multiple myeloma in a young female that had failed first-line treatment but responded to targeted therapy of daratumumab. It highlights that multiple myeloma may present atypically in young patients. More research is needed on appropriate initial diagnosis and treatment of patients in this age group.
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19
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Gourzones C, Bret C, Moreaux J. Treatment May Be Harmful: Mechanisms/Prediction/Prevention of Drug-Induced DNA Damage and Repair in Multiple Myeloma. Front Genet 2019; 10:861. [PMID: 31620167 PMCID: PMC6759943 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy characterized by accumulation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow (BM). MM is considered mostly without definitive treatment because of the inability of standard of care therapies to overcome drug-resistant relapse. Genotoxic agents are used in the treatment of MM and exploit the fact that DNA double-strand breaks are highly cytotoxic for cancer cells. However, their mutagenic effects are well-established and described. According to these effects, chemotherapy could cause harmful DNA damage associated with new driver genomic abnormalities providing selective advantage, drug resistance, and higher relapse risk. Several mechanisms associated with MM cell (MMC) resistance to genotoxic agents have been described, underlining MM heterogeneity. The understanding of these mechanisms provides several therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance and limit mutagenic effects of treatment in MM. According to this heterogeneity, adopting precision medicine into clinical practice, with the development of biomarkers, has the potential to improve MM disease management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Bret
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, France.,Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Univ Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Moreaux
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, France.,Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Univ Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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20
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Lee SS, Lee JJ. Efficacy and Safety of Melphalan, Cyclophosphamide and Dexamethasone (MCD) as a Salvage Treatment for Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Chonnam Med J 2019; 55:25-30. [PMID: 30740337 PMCID: PMC6351330 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2019.55.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy and safety of melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (MCD) as a salvage regimen for heavily treated relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patients. We retrospectively analyzed a total of 27 patients who received the MCD regimen between April 2011 and November 2013. The MCD regimen consisted of oral melphalan 6.75 mg/m2 on days 1–4, once-weekly dose of oral cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 and dexamethasone 20 mg/m2 on days 1–4 and days 15–18. Each cycle was repeated every 28 days. The median age of the patients was 66 years and the MCD regimen was initiated at a median 37.7 months from diagnosis. Patients received a median of five regimens including autologous stem cell transplantation. The overall response rate was 25.9% (very good partial response 3.7%, partial response 22.2%) and 8 (29.6%) patients achieved a minor response. Median progression-free survival was 5.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2–8.5) ; overall survival 11.7 months (95% CI, 5.4–16.6). Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 51.8% and 33.3%, respectively. Although the overall response rate is relatively low, the MCD regimen may have a role as a bridge to a novel regimen in heavily pretreated patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Shin Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| | - Je-Jung Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
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21
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Yuen HLA, Low MSY, Fedele P, Kalff A, Walker P, Bergin K, Coutsouvelis J, Grigoriadis G, Spencer A. DCEP as a bridge to ongoing therapies for advanced relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2842-2846. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1454595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Lam Agnes Yuen
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Haematology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Sze Yuan Low
- Monash Haematology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Pasquale Fedele
- Monash Haematology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna Kalff
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patricia Walker
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Krystal Bergin
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Coutsouvelis
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Pharmacy Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George Grigoriadis
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Haematology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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22
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Lakshman A, Singh PP, Rajkumar SV, Dispenzieri A, Lacy MQ, Gertz MA, Buadi FK, Dingli D, Hwa YL, Fonder AL, Hobbs M, Hayman SR, Zeldenrust SR, Lust JA, Russell SJ, Leung N, Kapoor P, Go RS, Lin Y, Gonsalves WI, Kourelis T, Warsame R, Kyle RA, Kumar SK. Efficacy of VDT PACE-like regimens in treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Am J Hematol 2018; 93:179-186. [PMID: 29067723 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Experience with intensive chemotherapy for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) using VDT PACE regimen and its modifications (VDT PACE-like regimens: VPLRs) outside TOTAL THERAPY trials is limited. We analyzed the outcomes of 141 patients with RRMM who received VPLRs at our center between 2006 and 2017 in an intent-to-treat analysis. Median age was 59.7 years and 66.7% of patients were male. A median of 2.2 years (range 0.02-11.4) separated diagnosis of myeloma and inititation of VPLR. High-risk cytogenetics were present in 52.4% patients. Patients received a median of 4 (range 1-14) prior therapies, including stem cell transplant (SCT) in 66.7% patients. Ninety-five (67.4%) patients received VDT PACE, 20 (14.2%) patients received VD PACE and 26 (18.4%) patients received other VPLRs. Patients received a median of 1 cycle (range 1-9) of VPLR. We observed ≥ minimal response in 68.4%, ≥ partial response (PR) in 54.4% and ≥ very good PR in 10.3% patients. Median progression-free survival was 3.1 months (95% CI, 1.9-3.9) and median overall survival (OS) was 8.1 months (CI, 6.2-9.9). One-hundred and sixteen (82.3%) patients received some therapy after VPLR; 71 (61.2%) received systemic chemotherapy, while 45 (38.8%) underwent SCT. Median OS for those who received SCT after VPLR was 15.1 months (CI, 10.3-20.8). Age ≥ 60 years (hazard ratio [HR] 2.3 [CI, 1.4-3.7]; P = 0.0008) and R-ISS III stage (HR- 2.4 [CI, 1.3-4.0]; P = 0.003) predicted shorter OS in patients receiving VPLR. VPLRs are effective in heavily pre-treated RRMM. In fit patients, SCT can be used to consolidate the response to VPLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Lakshman
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | | | | | | | - Martha Q. Lacy
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - Morie A. Gertz
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | | | - David Dingli
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - Yi Lisa Hwa
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - Amie L. Fonder
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - Miriam Hobbs
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | | | | | - John A. Lust
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | | | - Nelson Leung
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | | | - Ronald S. Go
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - Yi Lin
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | | | | | - Rahma Warsame
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - Robert A. Kyle
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
| | - Shaji K. Kumar
- Division of Hematology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester Minnesota
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23
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Wanchoo R, Abudayyeh A, Doshi M, Edeani A, Glezerman IG, Monga D, Rosner M, Jhaveri KD. Renal Toxicities of Novel Agents Used for Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 12:176-189. [PMID: 27654928 PMCID: PMC5220662 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.06100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Survival for patients with multiple myeloma has significantly improved in the last decade in large part due to the development of proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs. These next generation agents with novel mechanisms of action as well as targeted therapies are being used both in the preclinical and clinical settings for patients with myeloma. These agents include monoclonal antibodies, deacetylase inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, agents affecting various signaling pathways, immune check point inhibitors, and other targeted therapies. In some cases, off target effects of these therapies can lead to unanticipated effects on the kidney that can range from electrolyte disorders to AKI. In this review, we discuss the nephrotoxicities of novel agents currently in practice as well as in development for the treatment of myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimda Wanchoo
- Division of Nephrology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York
| | - Ala Abudayyeh
- Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mona Doshi
- Division of Nephrology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Amaka Edeani
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ilya G. Glezerman
- Department of Medicine, Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Divya Monga
- Nephrology Division, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Mitchell Rosner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kenar D. Jhaveri
- Division of Nephrology, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Great Neck, New York
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24
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Griffin PT, Ho VQ, Fulp W, Nishihori T, Shain KH, Alsina M, Baz RC. A comparison of salvage infusional chemotherapy regimens for recurrent/refractory multiple myeloma. Cancer 2015; 121:3622-30. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T. Griffin
- Department of Malignant Hematology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa Florida
| | - Viet Q. Ho
- Department of Pharmacy; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa Florida
| | - William Fulp
- Department of Biostatistics; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa Florida
| | - Taiga Nishihori
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa Florida
| | - Kenneth H. Shain
- Department of Malignant Hematology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa Florida
| | - Melissa Alsina
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa Florida
| | - Rachid C. Baz
- Department of Malignant Hematology; H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute; Tampa Florida
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25
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Treatment options for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Blood 2015; 125:3085-99. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-11-568923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Over the last few decades, significant improvement in outcomes has been observed for myeloma patients, mainly as a result of the use of currently available approved antimyeloma agents, along with combining autologous stem cell transplantation in the treatment of myeloma. With more targeted agents in development, the treatment of a myeloma patient at relapse has become complicated and, as a consequence, results in vast heterogeneity in treatment patterns. Although a consensus on the timing of initiation of treatment, the choice of agents to be used, and the role of transplant is less clear, we describe an evidence-based approach and the factors to consider upon relapse. We describe additional newer agents and targets that are under development, with the goal of achievement of durable remissions for myeloma patients.
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Breitkreutz I, Becker N, Benner A, Kosely F, Heining C, Hillengass J, Egerer G, Ho AD, Goldschmidt H, Raab MS. Dose-intensified bendamustine followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell support in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma with impaired bone marrow function. Hematol Oncol 2015; 34:200-207. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Breitkreutz
- Max-Eder-Group ‘ Experimental Therapies for Hematologic Malignancies ’, Department of Medicine V; Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology; National Center for Tumor Diseases; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Natalia Becker
- Division of Biostatistics; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Axel. Benner
- Division of Biostatistics; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Florentina Kosely
- Department of Medicine V; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Christoph Heining
- Department of Translational Oncology; National Center for Tumor Diseases; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jens Hillengass
- Department of Medicine V; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Gerlinde Egerer
- Department of Medicine V; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Anthony D. Ho
- Department of Medicine V; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- Department of Medical Oncology; National Center for Tumor Diseases; Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Medicine V; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marc S. Raab
- Max-Eder-Group ‘ Experimental Therapies for Hematologic Malignancies ’, Department of Medicine V; Heidelberg University Hospital and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Medicine V; Heidelberg University Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
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