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Chen XY, Wen XM, Zhao W, Chu MQ, Gu Y, Huang HH, Yuan Q, Xu ZJ, Qian J, Lin J. ALOX5AP is a new prognostic indicator in acute myeloid leukemia. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:210. [PMID: 37994961 PMCID: PMC10667204 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overexpression of ALOX5AP has been observed in many types of cancer and has been identified as an oncogene. However, its role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to identify the expression and methylation patterns of ALOX5AP in bone marrow (BM) samples of AML patients, and further explore its clinical significance. METHODS Eighty-two de novo AML patients and 20 healthy donors were included in the study. Meanwhile, seven public datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were included to confirm the alteration of ALOX5AP. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to determine the discriminative capacity of ALOX5AP expression to discriminate AML. The prognostic value of ALOX5AP was identified by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. It was further validated in four independent cohorts (n = 1186). Significantly different genes associated with ALOX5AP expression were subsequently compared by LinkedOmics, and Metascape database. RESULTS The level of ALOX5AP expression was significantly increased in bone marrow cells of AML patients compared with healthy donors (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis suggested that ALOX5AP expression might be a potential biomarker to discriminate AML from controls. ALOX5AP overexpression was associated with decreased overall survival (OS) in AML according to the TCGA data (P = 0.006), which was validated by other four independent cohorts. DNA methylation levels of ALOX5AP were significantly lower in AML patients compared to normal samples (P < 0.05), as confirmed in the Diseasemeth database and the independent cohort GSE63409. ALOX5AP level was positively associated with genes with proleukemic effects such as PAX2, HOX family, SOX11, H19, and microRNAs that act as oncogenes in leukemia, such as miR125b, miR-93, miR-494, miR-193b, while anti-leukemia-related genes and tumor suppressor microRNAs such as miR-582, miR-9 family and miR-205 were negatively correlated. CONCLUSION ALOX5AP overexpression, associated with its hypomethylation, predicts poorer prognosis in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Chen
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Wen
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Chu
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Hui Huang
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Yuan
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Jun Xu
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Qian
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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Sun B, Xu L, Bi W, Ou WB. SALL4 Oncogenic Function in Cancers: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Relevance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042053. [PMID: 35216168 PMCID: PMC8876671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SALL4, a member of the SALL family, is an embryonic stem cell regulator involved in self-renewal and pluripotency. Recently, SALL4 overexpression was found in malignant cancers, including lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma, acute myeloid leukemia, ovarian cancer, and glioma. This review updates recent advances of our knowledge of the biology of SALL4 with a focus on its mechanisms and regulatory functions in tumors and human hematopoiesis. SALL4 overexpression promotes proliferation, development, invasion, and migration in cancers through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, and Notch signaling pathways; expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation genes; and inhibition of the expression of the Bcl-2 family, caspase-related proteins, and death receptors. Additionally, SALL4 regulates tumor progression correlated with the immune microenvironment involved in the TNF family and gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, consequently affecting hematopoiesis. Therefore, SALL4 plays a critical oncogenic role in gene transcription and tumor growth. However, there are still some scientific hypotheses to be tested regarding whether SALL4 is a therapeutic target, such as different tumor microenvironments and drug resistance. Thus, an in-depth understanding and study of the functions and mechanisms of SALL4 in cancer may help develop novel strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wen-Bin Ou
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-571-8684-3303
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Nguyen CH, Schlerka A, Grandits AM, Koller E, van der Kouwe E, Vassiliou GS, Staber PB, Heller G, Wieser R. IL2RA Promotes Aggressiveness and Stem Cell-Related Properties of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4527-4539. [PMID: 32873636 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of IL2RA, which encodes the alpha chain of the IL2 receptor, is associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The clinical potential of anti-IL2RA therapy is, therefore, being explored in early-stage clinical trials. Notwithstanding, only very limited information regarding the biological function of IL2RA in AML is available. Using genetic manipulation of IL2RA expression as well as antibody-mediated inhibition of IL2RA in human cell lines, mouse models, and primary patient samples, we investigated the effects of IL2RA on AML cell proliferation and apoptosis, and on pertinent signaling pathways. The impact of IL2RA on the properties of leukemic stem cells (LSC) and on leukemogenesis were queried. IL2RA promoted proliferation and cell-cycle activity and inhibited apoptosis in human AML cell lines and primary cells. These phenotypes were accompanied by corresponding alterations in cell-cycle machinery and in pathways associated with cell survival and apoptosis. The biological roles of IL2RA were confirmed in two genetically distinct AML mouse models, revealing that IL2RA inhibits differentiation, promotes stem cell-related properties, and is required for leukemogenesis. IL2RA antibodies inhibited leukemic, but not normal, hematopoietic cells and synergized with other antileukemic agents in this regard. Collectively, these data show for the first time that IL2RA plays key biological roles in AML and underscore its value as a potential therapeutic target in this disease. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies IL2RA as a potential therapeutic target in AML, where it is shown to regulate proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, stem cell-related properties, and leukemogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Prognosis
- Stem Cells/pathology
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Huu Nguyen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Schlerka
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander M Grandits
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Emiel van der Kouwe
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Wellcome Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp B Staber
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerwin Heller
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rotraud Wieser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
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Koenig KL, Sahasrabudhe KD, Sigmund AM, Bhatnagar B. AML with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes: Development, Challenges, and Treatment Advances. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E845. [PMID: 32722092 PMCID: PMC7464320 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) is a distinct biologic subtype of AML that represents 25-34% of all AML diagnoses and associates with especially inferior outcomes compared to non-MRC AML. Typically, patients with AML-MRC experience low remission rates following intensive chemotherapy and a median overall survival of merely 9-12 months. In light of these discouraging outcomes, it has become evident that more effective therapies are needed for patients with AML-MRC. Liposomal daunorubicin-cytarabine (CPX-351) was approved in 2017 for adults with newly diagnosed AML-MRC and those with therapy-related AML (t-AML), and remains the only therapy specifically approved for this patient population. Other studies have also demonstrated the efficacy of the hypomethylating agent (HMA) azacitidine as upfront therapy for AML-MRC patients, which, to date, is the most common treatment employed for patients unable to tolerate the more intensive CPX-351. HMAs and venetoclax combinations have also been evaluated, but additional studies utilizing these agents in this specific subgroup are needed before conclusions regarding their role in the therapeutic armamentarium of AML-MRC patients can be reached. Currently, many studies are ongoing in attempts to further improve outcomes in this historically ill-fated patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L. Koenig
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.L.K.); (K.D.S.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Kieran D. Sahasrabudhe
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.L.K.); (K.D.S.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Audrey M. Sigmund
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.L.K.); (K.D.S.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Bhavana Bhatnagar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.L.K.); (K.D.S.); (A.M.S.)
- OSU Wexner Medical Center, 320 W 10th Avenue, B307 Starling-Loving Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Alves J, Dexheimer GM, Reckzigel L, Goettert M, Biolchi V, Abujamra AL. Changes in IDH2, TET2 and KDM2B Gene Expression After Treatment With Classic Chemotherapeutic Agents and Decitabine in Myelogenous Leukemia Cell Lines. J Hematol 2020; 8:89-101. [PMID: 32300452 PMCID: PMC7153660 DOI: 10.14740/jh531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hematological malignancies are a heterogeneous group of tumors with increased proliferative and auto-replicative capacity. Despite treatment advances, post-treatment quality of life remains highly affected. Studies addressing the molecular mechanisms of these diseases are critical for the development of effective, rapid and selective therapies, since few therapeutic strategies succeed in being effective without triggering high-grade toxicities or debilitating late effects. Our aim of this study was to verify changes in the expression of genes involved in the malignant phenotype of hematological malignancies, by treating human cell lines in vitro with classic chemotherapeutic agents and the demethylating agent, decitabine. Methods KASUMI-1 and K-562 human myeloid leukemia cell lines were plated at a density of 3 × 104 cells/well and treated with increasing concentrations of different chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in the clinical setting. After 24 and 48 h of treatment, cell viability was tested, and RNA was extracted. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to evaluate the gene expression of IDH2, TET2 and KDM2B. Results A modulation in gene expression was observed before and after treatment with classic chemotherapeutic agents. It was possible to demonstrate a difference in gene expression when cells were treated with chemotherapeutic agents or decitabine alone when compared to chemotherapeutic agents in association with decitabine. Conclusions The genes tested, and the modulation of their expression during in vitro treatments suggest that IDH2, TET2, and KDM2B should be further investigated as potential biomarkers for ongoing treatment response and follow-up for patients diagnosed with hematological malignancies of the myeloid lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayse Alves
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Univates, Lajeado, R.S., 95914-014, Brazil
| | | | - Laura Reckzigel
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Univates, Lajeado, R.S., 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Marcia Goettert
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Univates, Lajeado, R.S., 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Biolchi
- Biological and Health Sciences Center, Univates, Lajeado, R.S., 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Abujamra
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Univates, Lajeado, R.S., 95914-014, Brazil
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6
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Huang S, Huang Z, Ma C, Luo L, Li YF, Wu YL, Ren Y, Feng C. Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A expression contributes to adverse outcome in acute myeloid leukemia. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:345. [PMID: 32355789 PMCID: PMC7186738 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A (ANP32A) is a novel regulator of histone H3 acetylation and promotes leukemogenesis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, its prognostic value in AML remains unclear. Methods In this study, we evaluated the prognostic significance of ANP32A expression using two independent large cohorts of cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) patients. Multivariable analysis in CN-AML group was also presented. Based on the ANP32A expression, its related genes, dysregulation of pathways, interaction network analysis between microRNAs and target genes, as well as methylation analysis were performed to unveil the complex functions behind ANP32A. Results Here we demonstrated overexpression of ANP32A was notably associated with unfavorable outcome in two independent cohorts of CN-AML patients (OS: P=0.012, EFS: P=0.005, n=185; OS: P=0.041, n=232), as well as in European Leukemia Net (ELN) Intermediate-I group (OS: P=0.018, EFS: P=0.045, n=115), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Intermediate Risk AML group (OS: P=0.048, EFS: P=0.039, n=225), and non-M3 AML group (OS: P=0.034, EFS: P=0.011, n=435). Multivariable analysis further validated ANP32A as a high-risk factor in CN-AML group. Multi-omics analysis presented overexpression of ANP32A was associated with aberrant expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor, up/down-regulation of metabolic and immune-related pathways, dysregulation of microRNAs, and hypomethylation on CpG island and 1st Exon regions. Conclusions We proved ANP32A as a novel, potential unfavorable prognosticator and therapeutic target for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Huang
- Department of Hematology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Hematology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Fen Li
- Department of Hematology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yong-Li Wu
- Department of Hematology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Hematology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Cong Feng
- Department of Emergency, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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7
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Fan T, Quan RC, Liu WY, Xiao HY, Tang XD, Liu C, Li L, Lv Y, Wang HZ, Xu YG, Guo XQ, Hu XM. Arsenic-Containing Qinghuang Powder () is an Alternative Treatment for Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Refusing Low-Intensity Chemotherapy. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:339-344. [PMID: 31848890 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the overall survival (OS) of elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with oral arsenic-containing Qinghuang Powder (, QHP) or low-intensity chemotherapy (LIC). METHODS Forty-two elderly AML patients treated with intravenous or subcutaneous LIC (1 month for each course, at least 3 courses) or oral QHP (3 months for each course, at least 2 courses) were retrospectively analyzed from January 2015 to December 2017. The main endpoints of analysis were OS and 1-, 2-, 3-year OS rates of patients, respectively. And the adverse reactions induding bone marrow suppression, digestive tract discomfort and myocardia injury were observed. RESULTS Out of 42 elderly AML patients, 22 received LIC treatment and 20 received QHP treatment, according to patients' preference. There was no significant difference on OS between LIC and QHP patients (13.0 months vs. 13.5 months, >0.05). There was no significant difference on OS rates between LIC and QHP groups at 1 year (59.1% vs. 70.0%), 2 years (13.6% vs. 15%), and 3 years (4.6% vs. 5.0%, all >0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference of OS on prognosis stratification of performance status > 2 (12 months vs. 12 months), age> 75 year-old (12.0 months vs. 12.5 months), hematopoietic stem cell transplant comorbidity index >2 (12 months vs. 13 months), poor cytogenetics (12 months vs. 8 months), and diagnosis of secondary AML (10 months vs. 14 months) between LIC and QHP patients (>0.05). CONCLUSION QHP may be an alternative treatment for elderly AML patients refusing LIC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Fan
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ri-Cheng Quan
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wei-Yi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hai-Yan Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xu-Dong Tang
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Liu Li
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yong-Gang Xu
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Guo
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Hu
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Fujiwara Y, Yamaguchi H, Yui S, Tokura T, Inai K, Onai D, Omori I, Marumo A, Yamanaka S, Sakaguchi M, Terada K, Nakagome S, Arai K, Kitano T, Okabe M, Okamoto M, Tamai H, Nakayama K, Tajika K, Wakita S, Inokuchi K. Importance of prognostic stratification via gene mutation analysis in elderly patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2019; 41:461-471. [PMID: 30970181 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in elderly patients is associated with an increased incidence of complications and treatment-related toxicity because of the frequency of comorbid disease and age-related deterioration in organ function. Despite advances in AML treatment in recent years, elderly patients have experienced limited benefit, and their outcomes remain poor. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive gene mutation analysis in elderly AML patients and identify gene mutations that could serve as prognostic factors. METHODS An analysis of gene mutations was performed for 281 AML patients, including 98 elderly patients aged 65 years or above. RESULTS Compared to younger AML patients, elderly patients showed a higher frequency of the following gene mutations: TP53 (P = 0.026), PTPN11 (P = 0.006), RUNX1 (P = 0.024), TET2 (P = 0.002), and ASXL1 (P = 0.023). The complete remission rate was significantly lower in DNMT3A mutation-positive cases (4.26%, P = 0.011) and TP53 mutation-positive cases (2.13%, P = 0.031) than in negative cases. The overall survival rate was significantly poorer in cases with FLT3-ITD (P = 0.003), DNMT3A (P = 0.033), or TP53 mutation (P < 0.001). Conversely, cases with PTPN11 mutation (P = 0.014) had a significantly more favorable prognosis. In multivariate analysis, FLT3-ITD (P = 0.011) and TP53 mutation positivity (P = 0.002) were independent poor prognostic factors, as were a performance status of 3 or above (P < 0.001) and poor cytogenetic prognosis (P = 0.001). In contrast, PTPN11 mutation positivity (P = 0.023) was an independent favorable prognosis factor. CONCLUSION Analysis of gene mutations in elderly AML patients is very important, not only for establishing prognosis, but also for introducing appropriate molecular-targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shunsuke Yui
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichiro Tokura
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Inai
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daishi Onai
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Omori
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Marumo
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuki Terada
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Nakagome
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihito Arai
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kitano
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okabe
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muneo Okamoto
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Tamai
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Yokohama Minami Kyousai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Nakayama
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Yokohama Minami Kyousai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Tajika
- Department of Hematology, Yokohama Minami Kyousai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakita
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koiti Inokuchi
- Department of Hematology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Zhou J, Ng Y, Chng WJ. ENL: structure, function, and roles in hematopoiesis and acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3931-3941. [PMID: 30066088 PMCID: PMC11105289 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ENL/MLLT1 is a distinctive member of the KMT2 family based on its structural homology. ENL is a histone acetylation reader and a critical component of the super elongation complex. ENL plays pivotal roles in the regulation of chromatin remodelling and gene expression of many important proto-oncogenes, such as Myc, Hox genes, via histone acetylation. Novel insights of the key role of the YEATS domain of ENL in the transcriptional control of leukemogenic gene expression has emerged from whole genome Crisp-cas9 studies in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this review, we have summarized what is currently known about the structure and function of the ENL molecule. We described the ENL's role in normal hematopoiesis, and leukemogenesis. We have also outlined the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of target gene expression by ENL, as well as its major interacting partners and complexes involved. Finally, we discuss the emerging knowledge of different approaches for the validation of ENL as a therapeutic target and the development of small-molecule inhibitors disrupting the YEATS reader pocket of ENL protein, which holds great promise for the treatment of AML. This review will not only provide a fundamental understanding of the structure and function of ENL and update on the roles of ENL in AML, but also the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Yvonne Ng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), 1E, Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Republic of Singapore.
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10
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Moghaddam Y, Andalib A, Mohammad-Ganji M, Homayouni V, Sharifi M, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M. Evaluation of the effect of TIM-3 suppression by miR-498 and its effect on apoptosis and proliferation rate of HL-60 cell line. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1482-1488. [PMID: 30107988 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a Cancer of hematopoietic stem cells with a rapid progression. TIM-3 is expressed on leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in most types of AML and might have a positive effect on maintenance of malignant phenotype. MicroRNAs play important roles in either cancer progression or suppression. In this study were evaluated, the inhibitory effect of miR-498 on TIM-3 expression and its impact on proliferation and survival of HL-60 cell line. METHODS Firstly, the probable inhibitory effect of miR-498 on TIM-3 expression was predicted. HL-60 cells were cultured and expression of TIM-3 was induced on the cells using phorbol miristate acetate. The cells were transfected with miR-498 and expression level of TIM-3 were measured using with q-RT-PCR and flow cytometry methods. In addition, the effect of suppression of TIM-3 expression in HL-60 cell line was analyzed with apoptosis and cell proliferation assays. RESULTS Bioinformatics analyses predicted that miR-498 has high ability to silence TIM-3 gene expression. Our experiments confirmed that miR-498 was able to strongly silence TIM-3 expression (68% silencing) in HL-60 cell line (P < 0.002). Also, the cells with suppressed expression of TIM-3 had a lower proliferation and higher apoptosis rates. CONCLUSION Based on our results, the miR-498 can effectively suppress TIM-3 expression in the AML cell line. TIM-3 suppression, in turn, inhibits malignant cell proliferation and induces its apoptosis. Collectively, suppression of TIM-3 by miR-498 can be considered as a potential powerful way for treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Andalib
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammad-Ganji
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vida Homayouni
- Acqured Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Acqured Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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11
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Nagel G, Weber D, Fromm E, Erhardt S, Lübbert M, Fiedler W, Kindler T, Krauter J, Brossart P, Kündgen A, Salih HR, Westermann J, Wulf G, Hertenstein B, Wattad M, Götze K, Kraemer D, Heinicke T, Girschikofsky M, Derigs HG, Horst HA, Rudolph C, Heuser M, Göhring G, Teleanu V, Bullinger L, Thol F, Gaidzik VI, Paschka P, Döhner K, Ganser A, Döhner H, Schlenk RF. Epidemiological, genetic, and clinical characterization by age of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia based on an academic population-based registry study (AMLSG BiO). Ann Hematol 2017; 96:1993-2003. [PMID: 29090343 PMCID: PMC5691091 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-3150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We describe genetic and clinical characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients according to age from an academic population-based registry. Adult patients with newly diagnosed AML at 63 centers in Germany and Austria were followed within the AMLSG BiO registry (NCT01252485). Between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2014, data of 3525 patients with AML (45% women) were collected. The median age was 65 years (range 18-94). The comparison of age-specific AML incidence rates with epidemiological cancer registries revealed excellent coverage in patients < 70 years old and good coverage up to the age of 80. The distribution according to the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) risk categorization from 2010 was 20% favorable, 31% intermediate-1, 28% intermediate-2, and 21% adverse. With increasing age, the relative but not the absolute prevalence of patients with ELN favorable and intermediate-1 risk (p < 0.001), with activating FLT3 mutations (p < 0.001), with ECOG performance status < 2 (p < 0.001), and with HCT-CI comorbidity index < 3 (p < 0.001) decreased. Regarding treatment, obesity and favorable risk were associated with an intensive treatment, whereas adverse risk, higher age, and comorbidity index > 0 were associated with non-intensive treatment or best supportive care. The AMLSG BiO registry provides reliable population-based distributions of genetic, clinical, and treatment characteristics according to age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 22, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - D Weber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - E Fromm
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 22, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - S Erhardt
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 22, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Lübbert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - W Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Kindler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krauter
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P Brossart
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Kündgen
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - H R Salih
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - J Westermann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Wulf
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Hertenstein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hospital Bremen-Mitte, Bremen, Germany
| | - M Wattad
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Essen-Werden, Essen, Germany
| | - K Götze
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - D Kraemer
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - T Heinicke
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Girschikofsky
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Elisabethinen Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - H G Derigs
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hospital Frankfurt-Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - H A Horst
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Rudolph
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Göhring
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - V Teleanu
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - L Bullinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - F Thol
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - V I Gaidzik
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - P Paschka
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - K Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - A Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - R F Schlenk
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- NCT Trial Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Hackl H, Astanina K, Wieser R. Molecular and genetic alterations associated with therapy resistance and relapse of acute myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:51. [PMID: 28219393 PMCID: PMC5322789 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of individuals with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) respond to initial chemotherapy and achieve a complete remission, yet only a minority experience long-term survival because a large proportion of patients eventually relapse with therapy-resistant disease. Relapse therefore represents a central problem in the treatment of AML. Despite this, and in contrast to the extensive knowledge about the molecular events underlying the process of leukemogenesis, information about the mechanisms leading to therapy resistance and relapse is still limited. Purpose and content of review Recently, a number of studies have aimed to fill this gap and provided valuable information about the clonal composition and evolution of leukemic cell populations during the course of disease, and about genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression changes associated with relapse. In this review, these studies are summarized and discussed, and the data reported in them are compiled in order to provide a resource for the identification of molecular aberrations recurrently acquired at, and thus potentially contributing to, disease recurrence and the associated therapy resistance. This survey indeed uncovered genetic aberrations with known associations with therapy resistance that were newly gained at relapse in a subset of patients. Furthermore, the expression of a number of protein coding and microRNA genes was reported to change between diagnosis and relapse in a statistically significant manner. Conclusions Together, these findings foster the expectation that future studies on larger and more homogeneous patient cohorts will uncover pathways that are robustly associated with relapse, thus representing potential targets for rationally designed therapies that may improve the treatment of patients with relapsed AML, or even facilitate the prevention of relapse in the first place. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-017-0416-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ksenia Astanina
- Department of Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Rotraud Wieser
- Department of Medicine I and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Austria.
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13
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Panth N, Manandhar B, Paudel KR. Anticancer Activity ofPunica granatum(Pomegranate): A Review. Phytother Res 2017; 31:568-578. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Panth
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Science; Pokhara University; PO Box 427, Dhungepatan Kaski Nepal
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Science; Pokhara University; PO Box 427, Dhungepatan Kaski Nepal
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Science; Pokhara University; PO Box 427, Dhungepatan Kaski Nepal
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