Psychosoziale Arbeitsbelastungen und depressive Symptome bei Führungskräften: Ansatz für präventive Strategien

The Relationship Between Work-Related Stress and Depression: A Scoping Review

Objectives

Work-related stress is highly prevalent. Recent systematic reviews concluded on a significant association between common work-related stress measures and depression. Our scoping review aims to explore whether work-related psychosocial stress is generally associated with depression or depressiveness, the extent and methodology of the primary research undertaken on this topic and to elucidate inconsistencies or gaps in knowledge.

Methods

We searched for literature in Pubmed, PsycInfo and Web of Science including full reports in seven languages published between 1999 and 2022 and applied the PRISMA statement for scoping reviews criteria.

Results

Of 463 primarily identified articles, 125 were retained after abstract and full-text screening. The majority report significant associations between work-related stress and depression. Cross-sectional studies are most prevalent. Sufficient evidence exists only for job strain and effort-reward imbalance. Most studies are from Asia, North America and Europe. The health sector is the most studied. Several research gaps such as the lack of interventional studies were identified.

Conclusion

The consistency of most studies on the significant association between work-related stress and depression is remarkable. More studies are needed to improve evidence and to close research gaps.

Occupational status and hospitalisation for mental disorders: findings from Friuli Venezia Giulia region, Italy, 2008-2017

Purpose: To investigate to which extent occupational status, and job titles, were associated with types of hospitalisations and psychiatric diagnoses among inpatients of Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Italy.Methods: Cross-sectional study based on 10 years register data (2008-2017) on 2929 subjects hospitalised in General Hospital Psychiatric Units. Odds ratios (OR) of hospitalisations and psychiatric diagnoses for occupational status and job titles were calculated by logistic regression analysis.Results: Employed were at lower risk of urgent and involuntary hospitalisation. The risk of urgent hospitalisation was higher for affective, organic or other disorders, while all psychiatric diagnoses were at lower risk of involuntary hospitalisation than psychosis. Using white collars as reference category, army showed a higher risk for urgent hospitalisation (OR = 2.3) and affective disorders (OR = 1.9). A higher risk for affective disorders was found in managers (OR = 2.0). Blue collars were at higher risk for alcohol and substance abuse (OR = 1.7).Conclusions: Employment was protective for urgent and involuntary hospitalisations and severe diagnoses. Hospitalisation for affective disorders was more likely in managers, army, and for substances abuse in blue collars. More research is needed to assess the association between specific occupational groups and involuntary hospitalisation.KeypointsEmployment was shown to be a protective factor for both urgent and involuntary hospitalisations and diagnosis of severe mental disorder.Managers, police and military forces were at higher risk of being hospitalised for affective disorders, while blue collars were at higher risk of hospitalisation for alcohol and substances abuse.Future research would benefit from a better analysis on the association between more specific occupational groups and hospitalisation for psychiatric disorders, with a particular focus on involuntary treatment.Further research is needed to compare the risk of hospitalisation for mental disorders in temporary or permanent position, according to recent international changes in labour market and its impact on mental health.

Exploring the Association Between Health Literacy and Psychological Well-Being Among Industry Managers in Germany

OBJECTIVE

Industry managers are typically exposed to high work demands but have received limited attention by research, particularly concerning the issue of health literacy and how this relates to their psychological well-being. The aim of this study was to explore the association between health literacy and psychological well-being among managers in Germany.

METHODS

An online survey of a sample of 126 commercial industry managers was conducted. Effects of health literacy on psychological well-being (WHO-5 index) were investigated using path analysis.

RESULTS

The findings show a quarter of managers were classified as having poor well-being. Health literacy, namely the facets self-regulation (β = 0.40, P < 0.001), self-perception (β = 0.26, P < 0.001), self-control (β = 0.25, P < 0.01), and proactive approach to health (β = 0.09, P < 0.05), were positively associated with psychological well-being.

CONCLUSION

The study indicates that higher health literacy is associated with decreased risk of poor well-being.