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Spinazzi EF, Argenziano MG, Upadhyayula PS, Banu MA, Neira JA, Higgins DMO, Wu PB, Pereira B, Mahajan A, Humala N, Al-Dalahmah O, Zhao W, Save AV, Gill BJA, Boyett DM, Marie T, Furnari JL, Sudhakar TD, Stopka SA, Regan MS, Catania V, Good L, Zacharoulis S, Behl M, Petridis P, Jambawalikar S, Mintz A, Lignelli A, Agar NYR, Sims PA, Welch MR, Lassman AB, Iwamoto FM, D'Amico RS, Grinband J, Canoll P, Bruce JN. Chronic convection-enhanced delivery of topotecan for patients with recurrent glioblastoma: a first-in-patient, single-centre, single-arm, phase 1b trial. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:1409-1418. [PMID: 36243020 PMCID: PMC9641975 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topotecan is cytotoxic to glioma cells but is clinically ineffective because of drug delivery limitations. Systemic delivery is limited by toxicity and insufficient brain penetrance, and, to date, convection-enhanced delivery (CED) has been restricted to a single treatment of restricted duration. To address this problem, we engineered a subcutaneously implanted catheter-pump system capable of repeated, chronic (prolonged, pulsatile) CED of topotecan into the brain and tested its safety and biological effects in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. METHODS We did a single-centre, open-label, single-arm, phase 1b clinical trial at Columbia University Irving Medical Center (New York, NY, USA). Eligible patients were at least 18 years of age with solitary, histologically confirmed recurrent glioblastoma showing radiographic progression after surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, and a Karnofsky Performance Status of at least 70. Five patients had catheters stereotactically implanted into the glioma-infiltrated peritumoural brain and connected to subcutaneously implanted pumps that infused 146 μM topotecan 200 μL/h for 48 h, followed by a 5-7-day washout period before the next infusion, with four total infusions. After the fourth infusion, the pump was removed and the tumour was resected. The primary endpoint of the study was safety of the treatment regimen as defined by presence of serious adverse events. Analyses were done in all treated patients. The trial is closed, and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03154996. FINDINGS Between Jan 22, 2018, and July 8, 2019, chronic CED of topotecan was successfully completed safely in all five patients, and was well tolerated without substantial complications. The only grade 3 adverse event related to treatment was intraoperative supplemental motor area syndrome (one [20%] of five patients in the treatment group), and there were no grade 4 adverse events. Other serious adverse events were related to surgical resection and not the study treatment. Median follow-up was 12 months (IQR 10-17) from pump explant. Post-treatment tissue analysis showed that topotecan significantly reduced proliferating tumour cells in all five patients. INTERPRETATION In this small patient cohort, we showed that chronic CED of topotecan is a potentially safe and active therapy for recurrent glioblastoma. Our analysis provided a unique tissue-based assessment of treatment response without the need for large patient numbers. This novel delivery of topotecan overcomes limitations in delivery and treatment response assessment for patients with glioblastoma and could be applicable for other anti-glioma drugs or other CNS diseases. Further studies are warranted to determine the effect of this drug delivery approach on clinical outcomes. FUNDING US National Institutes of Health, The William Rhodes and Louise Tilzer Rhodes Center for Glioblastoma, the Michael Weiner Glioblastoma Research Into Treatment Fund, the Gary and Yael Fegel Foundation, and The Khatib Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora F Spinazzi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael G Argenziano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pavan S Upadhyayula
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matei A Banu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin A Neira
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dominique M O Higgins
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter B Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brianna Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aayushi Mahajan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nelson Humala
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Osama Al-Dalahmah
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenting Zhao
- Department of System Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akshay V Save
- Department of Neurological Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian J A Gill
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah M Boyett
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tamara Marie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia L Furnari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tejaswi D Sudhakar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sylwia A Stopka
- Department of Neurosurgery and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Regan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Catania
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Good
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stergios Zacharoulis
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meenu Behl
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Petros Petridis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sachin Jambawalikar
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela Lignelli
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of System Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary R Welch
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew B Lassman
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fabio M Iwamoto
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randy S D'Amico
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jack Grinband
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Ion Channel Drugs Suppress Cancer Phenotype in NG108-15 and U87 Cells: Toward Novel Electroceuticals for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061499. [PMID: 35326650 PMCID: PMC8946312 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a lethal brain cancer that commonly recurs after tumor resection and chemotherapy treatment. Depolarized resting membrane potentials and an acidic intertumoral extracellular pH have been associated with a proliferative state and drug resistance, suggesting that forced hyperpolarization and disruption of proton pumps in the plasma membrane could be a successful strategy for targeting glioblastoma overgrowth. We screened 47 compounds and compound combinations, most of which were ion-modulating, at different concentrations in the NG108-15 rodent neuroblastoma/glioma cell line. A subset of these were tested in the U87 human glioblastoma cell line. A FUCCI cell cycle reporter was stably integrated into both cell lines to monitor proliferation and cell cycle response. Immunocytochemistry, electrophysiology, and a panel of physiological dyes reporting voltage, calcium, and pH were used to characterize responses. The most effective treatments on proliferation in U87 cells were combinations of NS1643 and pantoprazole; retigabine and pantoprazole; and pantoprazole or NS1643 with temozolomide. Marker analysis and physiological dye signatures suggest that exposure to bioelectric drugs significantly reduces proliferation, makes the cells senescent, and promotes differentiation. These results, along with the observed low toxicity in human neurons, show the high efficacy of electroceuticals utilizing combinations of repurposed FDA approved drugs.
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Furlan JC, Wilson JR, Massicotte EM, Sahgal A, Michael FG. Recent advances and new discoveries in the pipeline of the treatment of primary spinal tumors and spinal metastases: A scoping review. Neuro Oncol 2021; 24:1-13. [PMID: 34508647 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of spinal oncology has substantially evolved over the past decades. This review synthesizes and appraises what was learned and what will potentially be discovered from the recently completed and ongoing clinical studies related to the treatment of primary and secondary spinal neoplasms. This scoping review included all clinical studies on the treatment of spinal neoplasms registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov website from February/2000 to December/2020. The terms "spinal cord tumor", "spinal metastasis", and "metastatic spinal cord compression" were used. Of the 174 registered clinical studies on primary spinal tumors and spinal metastasis, most of the clinical studies registered in this American registry were interventional studies led by single institutions in North America (n=101), Europe (n=43), Asia (n=24) or other continents (n=6). The registered clinical studies mainly focused on treatment strategies for spinal neoplasms (90.2%) that included investigating stereotactic radiosurgery (n=33), radiotherapy (n=21), chemotherapy (n=20), and surgical technique (n=11). Of the 69 completed studies, the results from 44 studies were published in the literature. In conclusion, this review highlights the key features of the 174 clinical studies on spinal neoplasms that were registered from 2000 to 2020. Clinical trials were heavily skewed towards the metastatic population as opposed to the primary tumours which likely reflects the rarity of the latter condition and associated challenges in undertaking prospective clinical studies in this population. This review serves to emphasize the need for a focused approach to enhancing translational research in spinal neoplasms with a particular emphasis on primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Furlan
- Lyndhurst Centre, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,KITE Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jefferson R Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric M Massicotte
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arjun Sahgal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fehlings G Michael
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jaeckle KA, Dixon JG, Anderson SK, Moreno‐Aspitia A, Colon‐Otero G, Hebenstreit K, Patel TA, Reddy SL, Perez EA. Intra-CSF topotecan in treatment of breast cancer patients with leptomeningeal metastases. Cancer Med 2020; 9:7935-7942. [PMID: 32885617 PMCID: PMC7643683 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few treatment options for patients with leptomeningeal metastases (LM). METHODS We report a case series of patients with breast cancer and LM treated with intra-CSF topotecan (TOPO). Outcome was assessed by clinical exam and MRI at baseline, at end of induction (4-5 weeks), then every 3 months; CSF cytology was determined at baseline and with each treatment. RESULTS Thirty-one women [median age, 58 (37-81); median KPS 60 (40-100)] received treatment. At baseline, 68% had positive CSF cytology, and 90%, leptomeningeal enhancement on MRI. 84% of patients also received focal RT (not during TOPO) and 77% received concomitant systemic hormonal or chemotherapy. Median number of TOPO treatments was 14.5 (range, 3-71); median duration of treatment, 11 weeks (1-176); and median OS, 6.9 months (range, 0.9-48.8). Patients remaining progression-free during 4-6 weeks of induction (81%) had a median OS of 11.5 months (range, 1.8-48.8). Overall neurologic PFS at 6, 12, and 24 months was 39%, 26%, and 6%, respectively. Clearing of CSF malignant cells for >3 consecutive samples occurred in 10/21 (48%) patients with positive CSF cytology at baseline, remaining clear for a median duration of 15.9 months (range, 1.4-34.5). Grade 3 adverse events included headache or vomiting (3pts), T2 hyperintensity surrounding the ventricular catheter (2 pts), and meningitis (2 pts). CONCLUSIONS Intra-CSF TOPO, with focal RT as needed for symptomatic areas of enhancement produced durable clearing of CSF malignant cells in 48% of patients positive at baseline, with promising median PFS and OS.
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Sinha BK, Tokar EJ, Bushel PR. Elucidation of Mechanisms of Topotecan-Induced Cell Death in Human Breast MCF-7 Cancer Cells by Gene Expression Analysis. Front Genet 2020; 11:775. [PMID: 32765594 PMCID: PMC7379903 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Topotecan is a clinically active anticancer agent for the management of various human tumors. While the principal mechanism of tumor cell killing by topotecan is due to its interactions with topoisomerase I and formation of DNA double-strand breaks, recent studies suggest that mechanisms involving generation of reactive free radicals and induction of oxidative stress may play a significant role in topotecan-dependent tumor cell death. We have shown that topotecan generates a topotecan radical following one-electron oxidation by a peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide system which reacts with reduced glutathione and cysteine, forming the glutathiyl and cysteinyl radicals, respectively. While little is known how these events are involved in topotecan-induced tumor cell death, we have now examined the effects of topotecan short (1 h) and long (24 h) exposure on global gene expression patterns using gene expression microarray analysis in human breast MCF-7 cancer cells, a wild-type p53 containing cell line. We show here that topotecan treatment significantly down-regulated estrogen receptor alpha (ERα/ESR1) and antiapoptotic BCL2 genes in addition to many other p53-regulated genes. Furthermore, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), ferredoxin reductase (FDXR), methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR), glutathione peroxidases (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GSR) genes were also differentially expressed by topotecan treatment. The differential expression of these genes was observed in a wild-type p53-containing breast ZR-75-1 tumor cell line following topotecan treatment. The involvement of reactive oxygen free radical sensor genes, the oxidative DNA damage (OGG1) repair gene and induction of pro-apoptotic genes suggest that reactive free radical species play a role in topotecan-induced tumor cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birandra K Sinha
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Erik J Tokar
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Pierre R Bushel
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
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Dréan A, Goldwirt L, Verreault M, Canney M, Schmitt C, Guehennec J, Delattre JY, Carpentier A, Idbaih A. Blood-brain barrier, cytotoxic chemotherapies and glioblastoma. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:1285-1300. [PMID: 27310463 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1202761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumors in adults. The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a major limitation reducing efficacy of anti-cancer drugs in the treatment of GBM patients. Areas covered: Virtually all GBM recur after the first-line treatment, at least partly, due to invasive tumor cells protected from chemotherapeutic agents by the intact BBB in the brain adjacent to tumor. The passage through the BBB, taken by antitumor drugs, is poorly and heterogeneously documented in the literature. In this review, we have focused our attention on: (i) the BBB, (ii) the passage of chemotherapeutic agents across the BBB and (iii) the strategies investigated to overcome this barrier. Expert commentary: A better preclinical knowledge of the crossing of the BBB by antitumor drugs will allow optimizing their clinical development, alone or combined with BBB bypassing strategies, towards an increased success rate of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Dréan
- a Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 , Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM , Paris , France.,b Carthera SAS , Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM , Paris , France
| | - Lauriane Goldwirt
- c AP-HP , Hôpital Universitaire Saint Louis, Service de Pharmacologie , Paris , France
| | - Maïté Verreault
- a Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 , Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM , Paris , France
| | - Michael Canney
- b Carthera SAS , Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM , Paris , France
| | - Charlotte Schmitt
- a Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 , Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM , Paris , France
| | - Jeremy Guehennec
- a Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 , Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM , Paris , France
| | - Jean-Yves Delattre
- a Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 , Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM , Paris , France.,d AP-HP , Hôpital Universitaire La Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin , Paris , France
| | - Alexandre Carpentier
- b Carthera SAS , Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM , Paris , France.,e AP-HP , Hôpital Universitaire La Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Neurochirurgie , Paris , France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- a Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 , Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM , Paris , France.,d AP-HP , Hôpital Universitaire La Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin , Paris , France
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Jacus MO, Daryani VM, Harstead KE, Patel YT, Throm SL, Stewart CF. Pharmacokinetic Properties of Anticancer Agents for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Tumors: Update of the Literature. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; 55:297-311. [PMID: 26293618 PMCID: PMC4761278 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-015-0319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant improvement in outcomes for patients with hematologic malignancies and solid tumors over the past 10 years, patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors continue to have a poor prognosis. A primary reason for this is the inability of many chemotherapeutic drugs to penetrate into the brain and brain tumors at concentrations high enough to exert an antitumor effect because of unique barriers and efflux transporters. Several studies have been published recently examining the central nervous system pharmacokinetics of various anticancer drugs in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors. To summarize recent advances in the field, this review critically presents studies published within the last 9 years examining brain and cerebrospinal fluid penetration of clinically available anticancer agents for patients with central nervous system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan O Jacus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Vinay M Daryani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - K Elaine Harstead
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yogesh T Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Stacy L Throm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Clinton F Stewart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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Li N, Han X, Yang J, Gui L, Song Y, Du P, Shi Y. Absolute bioavailability studies of a new oral topotecan formulation in Chinese patients using UHPLC–MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 76:252-6. [PMID: 23354352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Essack M, MacPherson CR, Schmeier S, Bajic VB. Identification of estrogen responsive genes using esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as a model. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6:135. [PMID: 23101584 PMCID: PMC3495646 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Estrogen therapy has positively impact the treatment of several cancers, such as prostate, lung and breast cancers. Moreover, several groups have reported the importance of estrogen induced gene regulation in esophageal cancer (EC). This suggests that there could be a potential for estrogen therapy for EC. The efficient design of estrogen therapies requires as complete as possible list of genes responsive to estrogen. Our study develops a systems biology methodology using esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as a model to identify estrogen responsive genes. These genes, on the other hand, could be affected by estrogen therapy in ESCC. Results Based on different sources of information we identified 418 genes implicated in ESCC. Putative estrogen responsive elements (EREs) mapped to the promoter region of the ESCC genes were used to initially identify candidate estrogen responsive genes. EREs mapped to the promoter sequence of 30.62% (128/418) of ESCC genes of which 43.75% (56/128) are known to be estrogen responsive, while 56.25% (72/128) are new candidate estrogen responsive genes. EREs did not map to 290 ESCC genes. Of these 290 genes, 50.34% (146/290) are known to be estrogen responsive. By analyzing transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) in the promoters of the 202 (56+146) known estrogen responsive ESCC genes under study, we found that their regulatory potential may be characterized by 44 significantly over-represented co-localized TFBSs (cTFBSs). We were able to map these cTFBSs to promoters of 32 of the 72 new candidate estrogen responsive ESCC genes, thereby increasing confidence that these 32 ESCC genes are responsive to estrogen since their promoters contain both: a/mapped EREs, and b/at least four cTFBSs characteristic of ESCC genes that are responsive to estrogen. Recent publications confirm that 47% (15/32) of these 32 predicted genes are indeed responsive to estrogen. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge our study is the first to use a cancer disease model as the framework to identify hormone responsive genes. Although we used ESCC as the disease model and estrogen as the hormone, the methodology can be extended analogously to other diseases as the model and other hormones. We believe that our results provide useful information for those interested in genes responsive to hormones and in the design of hormone-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Shonka NA. Targets for therapy in ependymoma. Target Oncol 2011; 6:163-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-011-0170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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