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Bhuimali M, Munshi S, Hapa K, Kadu PK, Kale PP. Evaluation of liposomes for targeted drug delivery in lung cancer treatment. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2163639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Bhuimali
- SVKM’S Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Sunya Munshi
- SVKM’S Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Kunali Hapa
- SVKM’S Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Pramod K. Kadu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’S Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Pravin P. Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM’S Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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Canão F, Ferreira H, Neves NM. Liposomal formulations for lung cancer treatment in the last two decades: a systematic review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2375-2386. [PMID: 35660950 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. To improve the therapeutic outcomes, drug delivery systems, and particularly liposomes, have been widely investigated. Therefore, this review analyzed systematically the literature to inquire about the safety and efficacy of liposomal formulations in lung cancer treatment. METHODS Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane CENTRAL) were systematically searched until May 2020. Clinical trials containing information about the effects of liposomal formulations in lung cancer patients were considered eligible. RESULTS Twenty two selected studies present different treatment options for both small and non-small-cell lung cancers. After compiling and analyzing all the published information, we verified that combination of liposomal cisplatin and paclitaxel led to a statistically significant improvement of the evaluated outcomes. Moreover, tecemotide, a liposome-based immunotherapy, demonstrated lower toxicity compared to control groups. Evidences that other subgroups could benefit from this formulation were also provided. CONCLUSION This systematic review (registration number CRD42021246587) demonstrates that liposomal formulations are promising alternatives to overcome limitations of traditional cancer therapy. However, larger, longer, randomized and double-blinded clinical trials, selecting their patients' cohort considering more responsive subgroups would be beneficial to strengthen the scientific and clinical evidence of the results herein reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Canão
- School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, University of Minho, 4805-017, Barco/Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Nuno M Neves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, University of Minho, 4805-017, Barco/Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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3
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Petrelli F, Ghidini A, Luciani A. Topotecan or other agents as second-line therapy for relapsed small-cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized studies. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 15:218. [PMID: 34476102 PMCID: PMC8408676 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is exceptionally responsive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In relapsed patients, particularly in resistant/refractory cases, the progression of disease occurs rapidly with second-line agents. Topotecan (TOPO), a camptothecin analog, is the only agent able to increase overall survival (OS) compared with the best supportive care alone. However, the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy rechallenge or other agents has not been systematically explored. In the present review, published articles, which evaluated outcome and toxicity associated with TOPO or non-TOPO-based chemotherapy in patients with SCLC from inception to September 2020 were systematically searched and identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. The primary outcome of interest was the risk of death (OS), and the secondary endpoints were risk of progression progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR) and G3-4 hematological toxicities. A total of nine studies were included in quantitative synthesis for a total of 1,689 patients. They included platinum-based rechallenge, anthracycline-based combinations or camptothecin analogs. TOPO did not improve OS with respect to other therapies [hazard ratio (HR), 0.92; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.78-1.09; P=0.33]. Similarly, PFS was similar in the two arms (HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.72-1.67; P=0.66). The ORR was not statistically higher with non-TOPO agents (relative risk, 1.53; 95% CI, 0.95-2.48). In subgroup analysis, combination chemotherapy was associated with an improved PFS but not OS or ORR compared with TOPO alone (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.52-2.24; P<0.01). The rates of G3-4 anemia, febrile neutropenia and neutropenia were similar. In conclusion, in patients with relapsed SCLC, TOPO was associated with a similar survival, PFS and ORR as other agents. However, polychemotherapy was associated with improved PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Petrelli
- Oncology Unit, Medical Sciences Department, Local Social Health District of Bergamo Ovest, I-24047 Treviglio (BG), Italy
| | - Antonio Ghidini
- Oncology Unit, Medicine Department, Casa di Cura Igea, I-20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Luciani
- Oncology Unit, Medical Sciences Department, Local Social Health District of Bergamo Ovest, I-24047 Treviglio (BG), Italy
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Li S, Xu S, Liang X, Xue Y, Mei J, Ma Y, Liu Y, Liu Y. Nanotechnology: Breaking the Current Treatment Limits of Lung Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100078. [PMID: 34019739 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most rapidly growing malignancies in terms of morbidity and mortality. Although traditional treatments have been used for more than 50 years, it is still far from solving the problems of postoperative risks and systemic toxicity. Emerging targeting and immunotherapy are developing continuously and are gaining recognition; eventually, they face the inevitable challenge of drug resistance. Nanotechnology has several important effects on lung cancer treatment, owing to its unique properties. Several nanoparticle-based treatments have successfully become cancer treatments. Good biocompatibility with higher specific surface area can carry substantial amounts of lung cancer treatment medications while avoiding medication toxicity; editable and modified characteristics give rise to multifunctional nanomedicines; excellent photoelectric effects make lung cancer a multimodal treatment. This article summarizes the breakthroughs achieved by nanotechnology, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, reflecting the importance and necessity of nanotechnology in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong 518060 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Yueguang Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jie Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yongfu Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation Guangzhou Guangdong 510700 P. R. China
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Wang X, Liu Y, Xu W, Jia L, Chi D, Yu J, Wang J, He Z, Liu X, Wang Y. Irinotecan and berberine co-delivery liposomes showed improved efficacy and reduced intestinal toxicity compared with Onivyde for pancreatic cancer. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:2186-2197. [PMID: 33452654 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Onivyde is the first irinotecan (IRI) nanoliposome that could improve pharmacokinetics and tumor biodistribution of irinotecan. Although FDA approves Onivyde for the treatment of pancreatic cancer patients who are not effective for GEM, the gastrointestinal toxicity caused by Onivyde is still a problem to be solved in clinical application. Berberine (BER), an isoquinolone alkaloid extracted from several different plants, has been reported to exhibit beneficial effect in alleviating intestinal mucositis and generating synergistic anticancer effect in combination with cytotoxic drugs. However, its therapeutic effect is affected by the different pharmacokinetic behavior of two drugs. Therefore, we utilized triethylamine-sucrose octasulfate gradient to construct nanoliposomes for co-delivery of irinotecan and berberine, termed as lipBI. This co-delivery nanoliposomes remained the synergistic ratio in the body and improved tumor distribution of IRI and BER. The lipBI significantly inhibited tumor growth in the BXPC-3 pancreatic cancer model compared with Onivyde (p < 0.05) and reduced the gastrointestinal toxicity in mice caused by IRI. Overall, IRI/BER co-loaded liposomes possessed great potential in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Wanjia Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Lirui Jia
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Dongxu Chi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jiamei Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, P. R. China.
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Liu J, Chi D, Pan S, Zhao L, Wang X, Wang D, Wang Y. Effective co-encapsulation of doxorubicin and irinotecan for synergistic therapy using liposomes prepared with triethylammonium sucrose octasulfate as drug trapping agent. Int J Pharm 2019; 557:264-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Baize N, Monnet I, Greillier L, Quere G, Kerjouan M, Janicot H, Vergnenegre A, Auliac JB, Chouaid C. Second-line treatments of small-cell lung cancers. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017; 17:1033-1043. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2017.1372198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Baize
- UTTIOM (Unité Transversale de Thérapeutiques Innovantes en Oncologie Médicale), CHU Angers, France
| | - Isabelle Monnet
- Department of Pulmonology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Greillier
- Service d’Oncologie Multidisciplinaire et Innovations Thérapeutiques, AP-HM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Quere
- Respiratory Disease Department, Brest University Brest, Brest, France
| | - Mallorie Kerjouan
- Respiratory Disease Department, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Henri Janicot
- Service de pneumologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Alain Vergnenegre
- UOTC (Unité d’Oncologie Thoracique et Cutanée), CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | | | - Christos Chouaid
- Department of Pulmonology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
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A Quinone-Containing Compound Enhances Camptothecin-Induced Apoptosis of Lung Cancer Through Modulating Endogenous ROS and ERK Signaling. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 65:241-252. [PMID: 27677293 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The natural compound camptothecin (CPT) derivatives have widely been used for anti-cancer treatments, including lung cancer. However, many chemoresistant cancer cells often develop a relatively higher threshold for inducing apoptosis, causing a limited efficacy of anti-cancer drugs. Likewise, lung cancer cells acquire chemoresistance against CPT analogs, such as irinotecan and topotecan, finally resulting in an unsatisfied outcome and poor prognosis of lung cancer patients. TFPP is a quinone-containing compound as a candidate for CPT-based combination chemotherapy. In this study, we examined the effect of TFPP and CPT cotreatment on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Cell proliferation and flow cytometry-based Annexin-V/PI staining assays demonstrated the synergistic effect of TFPP on CPT-induced apoptosis in both NSCLC A549 and H1299 cells. The results of CPT and TFPP cotreatment cause the regulation of the ERK-Bim axis and the activation of mitochondrial-mediated caspase cascade, including caspase-9 and caspase-3. Besides, TFPP significantly enhanced CPT-induced endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the two NSCLC cells. In contrast, the treatment of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an ROS scavenger, rescues the apoptosis of NSCLC cells induced by TFPP and CPT cotreatment, suggesting that the synergistic effect of TFPP on CPT-induced anti-NSCLC cells is through upregulating ROS production. Consequently, our results suggest that TFPP sensitizes NSCLC towards CPT-based chemotherapy may act through decreasing the apoptosis-initiating threshold. Therefore, TFPP may be a promising chemosensitizer for lung cancer treatment, and the underlying mechanism warrants further.
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Trafalis DT, Alifieris C, Stathopoulos GP, Sitaras N. Phase II study of bevacizumab plus irinotecan on the treatment of relapsed resistant small cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 77:713-22. [PMID: 26891956 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-2983-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase II study investigates the efficacy and safety of DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan plus bevacizumab a monoclonal antibody against VEGF (BEVIRI) in patients with relapsed chemo-resistant SCLC. METHODS Patients who previously completed treatment with cisplatin-etoposide who relapsed within 3 months, had measurable extensive-stage SCLC, ECOG performance status 0-2 and adequate hematologic, renal and hepatic function, were given intravenous irinotecan 175 mg/m(2) plus intravenous bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg on day 1 and 15 in 30 day cycles for a target of at least four cycles. No patients had received prophylactic intracranial irradiation. Treatment response was assessed with computer tomography scans with the completion of two consecutive cycles. Primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). RESULTS Thirty-two patients were enrolled and 28 of them were eligible for evaluation of response, toxicity and survival. The median age was 63.5 years (range 48-73). The ORR (CR and PR) was 25 % (95 % CI 8.9-41.0) and including patients with stable disease overall disease control rate at 2 months was 89 % (95 % CI 77.41-100). The median duration of response was 6 months, median progression-free survival was 3 months (mean PFS: 3.2, 95 % CI 2.7-3.7), and median overall survival was 6 months (mean OS: 6.3, 95 % CI 5.4-7.1). The PFS rate at 6 months was 3.6 %, and 1-year OS rate was 3.6 %. The median number of cycles received was 4.5 (range 1-6). There were two (7.1 %) hematologic (neutropenia) and one (3.5 %) non-hematologic (proteinuria) serious grades 3-4 adverse reactions without necessitating treatment discontinuation. CONCLUSION BEVIRI combination in relapsed chemo-resistant SCLC patients demonstrates promising efficacy and low toxicity compared to historical controls. Further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, Goudi, 115-27, Athens, Greece.,Department of Medical Oncology-A, "Henry Dunant" Hospital Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Alifieris
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, Goudi, 115-27, Athens, Greece. .,Department of Medical Oncology-A, "Henry Dunant" Hospital Center, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Nikolaos Sitaras
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, Goudi, 115-27, Athens, Greece
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Camacho KM, Kumar S, Menegatti S, Vogus DR, Anselmo AC, Mitragotri S. Synergistic antitumor activity of camptothecin-doxorubicin combinations and their conjugates with hyaluronic acid. J Control Release 2015; 210:198-207. [PMID: 25921087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Combinations of topoisomerase inhibitors I and II have been found to synergistically inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro, yet clinical studies of these types of combinations have not progressed beyond phase II trials. The results of clinical combinations of topoisomerase (top) I and II inhibitors typically fall within one of two categories: little to no improvement in therapeutic efficacy, or augmented toxicity compared to the single drug counterparts. Hence, despite the promising activity of top I and II inhibitor combinations in vitro, their clinical applicability has not been realized. Here, we report the use of polymer-drug conjugates as a means to co-deliver synergistic doses of top I and II inhibitors camptothecin (CPT) and doxorubicin (DOX) to tumors in vivo in a 4T1 breast cancer model. At specific molar ratios, DOX and CPT were found to be among the most synergistic combinations reported to date, with combination indices between 0.01 and 0.1. The identified optimal ratios were controllably conjugated to hyaluronic acid, and elicited significant tumor reduction of murine 4T1 breast cancer model when administered intravenously. This study elucidates a method to identify synergistic drug combinations and translate them to in vivo by preserving the synergistic ratio via conjugation to a carrier polymer, thus opening a promising approach to translate drug combinations to clinically viable treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Camacho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Sunny Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Douglas R Vogus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Aaron C Anselmo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States.
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Shaikh IM, Tan KB, Chiu GNC. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF DOXORUBICIN AND IRINOTECAN IN CONJUNCTION WITH THEIR MAJOR METABOLITES BY ULTRA HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.678456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishaque M. Shaikh
- a Department of Pharmacy , Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Kuan-Boone Tan
- a Department of Pharmacy , Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Gigi N. C. Chiu
- a Department of Pharmacy , Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , Singapore
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Nair BS, Bhanderi V, Jafri SH. Current and emerging pharmacotherapies for the treatment of relapsed small cell lung cancer. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2011; 5:223-34. [PMID: 21836818 PMCID: PMC3153118 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s5964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a very aggressive cancer with poor outcome if left untreated, but it is also one of the most chemotherapy responsive cancers. Overall it has a very poor prognosis especially if it is chemotherapy resistant to first line treatment. Second line chemotherapy has not been very beneficial in SCLC as opposed to breast cancer and lymphoma. In the last few years topotecan is the only drug that has been approved by the food and drug administration (FDA) for the second line treatment of SCLC but in Japan another drug, amrubicin is approved. There are many combinations of different chemotherapies available in moderate to high intensity, in this difficult to treat patient to overcome the chemo resistance, but many of these studies are small or phase II trials. In this article we have reviewed single agent and multidrug regimens that were studied in both chemo sensitive and refractory setting, including the most recent clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu S. Nair
- Department of Medicine, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Vipul Bhanderi
- Department of Medicine, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Syed H. Jafri
- Department of Medicine, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
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