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Ikarashi N, Kaneko M, Watanabe T, Kon R, Yoshino M, Yokoyama T, Tanaka R, Takayama N, Sakai H, Kamei J. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Erlotinib Induces Dry Skin via Decreased in Aquaporin-3 Expression. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040545. [PMID: 32260143 PMCID: PMC7225942 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An adverse reaction of dry skin occurs frequently during treatment with anticancer epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). In this study, we conducted basic research to clarify the mechanism of EGFR-TKI-induced dry skin and propose new treatments or preventative measures. Dermal water content was significantly lower in the erlotinib-treated mice than in the control group. An assessment of the expression levels of functional genes in the skin revealed that only the expression of the water channel aquaporin-3 (AQP3) was significantly decreased in the erlotinib-treated group. When erlotinib was added to epidermal keratinocyte HaCaT cells, the expression levels of both AQP3 mRNA and protein decreased. Erlotinib treatment also significantly decreased the expression levels of phospho-EGFR and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), both in HaCaT cells and mouse skin. Dry skin due to erlotinib may be caused by the decreased expression of AQP3 in the skin, thereby limiting water transport from the vascular side to the corneum side. The decrease in AQP3 may also be attributable to ERK suppression via inhibition of EGFR activity by erlotinib. Therefore, substances that increase AQP3 expression may be effective for erlotinib-induced dry skin.
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Cho KM, Keam B, Kim TM, Lee SH, Kim DW, Heo DS. Clinical efficacy of erlotinib, a salvage treatment for non-small cell lung cancer patients following gefitinib failure. Korean J Intern Med 2015; 30:891-8. [PMID: 26552465 PMCID: PMC4642019 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.30.6.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors for erlotinib treatment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients following gefitinib failure. METHODS Forty-five patients with NSCLC who were treated with erlotinib following gefitinib failure at Seoul National University Hospital between August 2005 and November 2011 were enrolled. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status, pathologic findings and other clinical factors, including response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and progression-free survival (PFS), were evaluated. RESULTS Of the 45 patients, 40 patients (88.8%) had adenocarcinoma. The following EGFR mutations were observed: five patients with a deletion of exon 19, six patients with an L858R mutation, three patients with wild-type EGFR, and 31 patients with unknown mutations. The response rate of erlotinib was 4.4%, and stable disease was 42.2%. The median PFS for erlotinib was 2.6 months (95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 3.7). Patients with a PFS ≥ 4 months during previous gefitinib treatment had a significantly longer PFS with erlotinib (3.3 months vs. 1.6 months, respectively; p < 0.01) than patients with PFS < 4 months with gefitinib. According to multivariate analyses, PFS ≥ 4 months for previous gefitinib treatment was significantly associated with prolonged PFS with erlotinib (p = 0.04). However, the response rate of gefitinib and treatment sequence were not associated with prolonged PFS with erlotinib (p = 0.28 and p = 0.67, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Following rechallenge with the EGFR TKI erlotinib following gefitinib failure, patients who showed prolonged PFS with gefitinib benefit from erlotinib. However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Min Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Bhumsuk Keam, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno- gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-2072-7215 Fax: +82-2-762-9662 E-mail:
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Seog Heo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Marquez-Medina D, Popat S. Afatinib: a second-generation EGF receptor and ErbB tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Future Oncol 2015; 11:2525-40. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
First-generation reversible EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) changed our understanding of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer biology and behavior. The presence of sensitizing EGFR mutations in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer defines a subset of patients with a better prognosis and sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs with a better response rate, progression-free survival, quality of life and symptom control than with chemotherapy in the first-line therapy setting. However, current EGFR-TKIs show minimal responses in EGFR wild-type patients or with acquired TKI resistance mediated through the EGFR T790M allele. Afatinib is an irreversible pan-ErbB-TKI, active against wild-type EGFR, sensitizing and T970M-mutant EGFR, ErbB2 and ErbB4 receptors, and represents a step change between reversible first-generation and future irreversible highly specific third-generation EGFR-TKIs. Here, we review the clinical development of afatinib through the LUX-Lung trials portfolio highlighting benefits and toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Marquez-Medina
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Avenida Alcalde Rovira Roure, 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Sanjay Popat
- Lung Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
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Valentine J, Belum VR, Duran J, Ciccolini K, Schindler K, Wu S, Lacouture ME. Incidence and risk of xerosis with targeted anticancer therapies. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 72:656-67. [PMID: 25637330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many targeted therapies used in the treatment of cancer can lead to the development of xerosis, but the incidence and relative risk of xerosis have not been ascertained. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis of clinical trials, to ascertain the incidence and risk of developing xerosis after taking anticancer drugs. METHODS The PubMed (1966-October 2013), Web of Science (January 1998-October 2013), and American Society of Clinical Oncology abstracts (2004-2013) databases were searched for clinical trials of 58 targeted agents. Results were calculated using random or fixed effects models. RESULTS The incidences of all- and high-grade xerosis were 17.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.6-20.4%) and 1.0% (95% CI: 0.9-1.5%), respectively. The risk of developing all-grade xerosis was 2.99 (95% CI: 2.0-4.3), and it varied across different drugs (P < .001). LIMITATIONS The reporting of xerosis may vary among clinicians and institutions, and the incidence may be affected by age, concomitant medications, comorbidities, and underlying malignancies or skin conditions. CONCLUSION Patients receiving targeted therapies have a significant risk of developing xerosis. Patients should be counseled and treated early for this symptom to prevent suboptimal dosing and quality of life impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannah Valentine
- Department of Dermatology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | - Juanita Duran
- Department of Dermatology, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Kathryn Ciccolini
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Katja Schindler
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shenhong Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Stony Brook University Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York
| | - Mario E Lacouture
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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Song T, Yu W, Wu SX. Subsequent treatment choices for patients with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer: restore after a drug holiday or switch to another EGFR-TKI? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:205-13. [PMID: 24528028 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.1.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcomes of first-generation EGFR-TKIs (Gefitnib and Erlotinib) have shown great advantages over traditional treatment strategies in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but unfortunately we have to face the situation that most patients still fail to respond in the long term despite initially good control. Up to now, the mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs has not been fully clarified. Herein, we sought to compile the available clinical reports in the hope to better understanding the subsequent treatment choices, particularly on whether restoring after a drug holiday or switching to another EGFR-TKI is the better option after failure of one kind of EGFR-TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China E-mail :
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Genova C, Rijavec E, Barletta G, Burrafato G, Biello F, Dal Bello MG, Coco S, Truini A, Alama A, Boccardo F, Grossi F. Afatinib for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 15:889-903. [PMID: 24646054 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2014.902445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) through tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represents an effective strategy for EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Afatinib is an irreversible erythroblastosis oncogene B (ErbB) family blocker, able to inhibit the kinase domains of EGFR, HER2 and HER4, and the transphosphorylation of ErbB3 that has recently been approved in the United States for the first-line treatment of EGFR-mutated NSCLC and in Europe and Japan for the treatment of EGFR-mutated TKI-naive patients. AREAS COVERED The authors analyzed the pharmacology and the clinical activity of afatinib in NSCLC through a review of the literature. Trials exploring different settings have been reported, including LUX-Lung 3 and LUX-Lung 6, where the drug achieved better outcomes in terms of response rate, progression-free survival and quality of life compared with chemotherapy. The main toxicities of afatinib are gastrointestinal and skin-related adverse events. EXPERT OPINION Afatinib showed remarkable efficacy as a first-line treatment in the presence of common EGFR mutations. Afatinib showed some activity in NSCLC with acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs, although, currently, its efficacy after the failure of erlotinib or gefitinib has not been clearly stated. Direct clinical data comparing the activity and tolerability of different inhibitors are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Genova
- UOS Tumori Polmonari, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro , L.go Benzi 10, Genova 16132 , Italy
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Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitor treatment resistance in non-small cell lung cancer: biological basis and therapeutic strategies. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 16:339-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-013-1143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Conforti F, Catania C, Toffalorio F, Duca M, Spitaleri G, Barberis M, Noberasco C, Delmonte A, Santarpia M, Lazzari C, De Pas TM. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors beyond focal progression obtain a prolonged disease control in patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung. Lung Cancer 2013; 81:440-444. [PMID: 23810573 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent data show that EGFR pathway and its inhibition maintain their role after progression of disease during EGFR TKI therapy in NSCLCs. We conducted a retrospective study with the aim of evaluating efficacy and feasibility of prosecution of EGFR TKI therapy beyond focal progression associated to locoregional radiotherapy. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of all NSCLC patients treated with EGFR TKIs in our institution from 2004 to 2012. We included in the analysis patients that after a focal disease progression, meant as a single lesion RECIST progression, have been treated with definitive locoregional radiotherapy, associated to continuation of EGFR TKI therapy until further progression. RESULTS 15 out of 147 patients (10%) satisfied inclusion criteria. The median progression free survival, measured from the date of focal progression until further progression of disease or death by any cause, was 10,9 months (range 3-32 months). The corresponding 6 and 12 months PFS rates were 73% and 33%, respectively. CONCLUSION The longer disease control observed in our patients suggests that continuation of EGFR TKI beyond focal progression associated to a locoregional treatment is an efficacious therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Conforti
- Thoracic and Sarcoma Oncology Unit, Division of New Drug Development and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy.
| | - Chiara Catania
- Thoracic and Sarcoma Oncology Unit, Division of New Drug Development and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Toffalorio
- Thoracic and Sarcoma Oncology Unit, Division of New Drug Development and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Duca
- Thoracic and Sarcoma Oncology Unit, Division of New Drug Development and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Spitaleri
- Thoracic and Sarcoma Oncology Unit, Division of New Drug Development and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Barberis
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Noberasco
- Thoracic and Sarcoma Oncology Unit, Division of New Drug Development and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Delmonte
- Thoracic and Sarcoma Oncology Unit, Division of New Drug Development and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Thoracic and Sarcoma Oncology Unit, Division of New Drug Development and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Lazzari
- Thoracic and Sarcoma Oncology Unit, Division of New Drug Development and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Tommaso Martino De Pas
- Thoracic and Sarcoma Oncology Unit, Division of New Drug Development and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
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