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Sui H, Xiao S, Jiang S, Wu S, Lin H, Cheng L, Ye L, Zhao Q, Yu Y, Tao L, Kong FM, Huang X, Cui R. Regorafenib induces NOX5-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and potentiates the anti-tumor activity of cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Neoplasia 2023; 39:100897. [PMID: 36940556 PMCID: PMC10036942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. Although cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens serve a pivotal role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, drug resistance and serious side effects limited its further clinical application. Regorafenib, a small-molecule multi-kinase inhibitor, was demonstrated to have promising anti-tumor activity in various solid tumors. In the present study, we found that regorafenib markedly enhanced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells by activating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER Stress), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Regorafenib increased ROS generation by promoting NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) expression, and knocking down NOX5 attenuated ROS-mediated cytotoxicity of regorafenib in lung cancer cells. Additionally, mice xenograft model validated that synergistic anti-tumor effects of combined treatment with regorafenib and cisplatin. Our results suggested that combination therapy with regorafenib and cisplatin may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for some NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehuan Sui
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Wenzhou University-Wenzhou Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Sisi Xiao
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Wenzhou University-Wenzhou Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical, Wenzhou, 325035, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Suping Jiang
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Wenzhou University-Wenzhou Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Wenzhou University-Wenzhou Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Haizhen Lin
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Liyuan Cheng
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Wenzhou University-Wenzhou Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Lihua Ye
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Wenzhou University-Wenzhou Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Wenzhou University-Wenzhou Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yun Yu
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lu Tao
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Feng-Ming Kong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Ri Cui
- Cancer and Anticancer Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Wenzhou University-Wenzhou Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Gul S, Maqbool MF, Maryam A, Khan M, Shakir HA, Irfan M, Ara C, Li Y, Ma T. Vitamin K: A novel cancer chemosensitizer. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2641-2657. [PMID: 34993998 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer incidences are growing rapidly and causing millions of deaths globally. Cancer treatment is one of the most exigent challenges. Drug resistance is a natural phenomenon and is considered one of the major obstacles in the successful treatment of cancer by chemotherapy. Combination therapy by the amalgamation of various anticancer drugs has suggested modulating tumor response by targeting various signaling pathways in a synergistic or additive manner. Vitamin K is an essential nutrient and has recently been investigated as a potential anticancer agent. The combination of vitamin K analogs, such as vitamins K1, K2, K3, and K5, with other chemotherapeutic drugs have demonstrated a safe, cost-effective, and most efficient way to overcome drug resistance and improved the outcomes of prevailing chemotherapy. Published reports have shown that vitamin K in combination therapy improved the efficacy of clinical drugs by promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and overcoming drug resistance by inhibiting P-glycoprotein. In this review, we discuss the mechanism, cellular targets, and possible ways to develop vitamin K subtypes into effective cancer chemosensitizers. Finally, this review will provide a scientific basis for exploiting vitamin K as a potential agent to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameena Gul
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal Maqbool
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amara Maryam
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Abdullah Shakir
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Chaman Ara
- Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Subramonian D, Phanhthilath N, Rinehardt H, Flynn S, Huo Y, Zhang J, Messer K, Mo Q, Huang S, Lesperance J, Zage PE. Regorafenib is effective against neuroblastoma in vitro and in vivo and inhibits the RAS/MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Fos/Jun pathways. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:568-579. [PMID: 32457362 PMCID: PMC7434894 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regorafenib is an inhibitor of multiple kinases with aberrant expression and activity in neuroblastoma tumours that have potential roles in neuroblastoma pathogenesis. METHODS We evaluated neuroblastoma cells treated with regorafenib for cell viability and confluence, and analysed treated cells for apoptosis and cell cycle progression. We evaluated the efficacy of regorafenib in vivo using an orthotopic xenograft model. We evaluated regorafenib-mediated inhibition of kinase targets and performed reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) analysis of neuroblastoma cells treated with regorafenib. Lastly, we evaluated the efficacy and effects of the combination of regorafenib and 13-cis-retinoic acid on intracellular signalling. RESULTS Regorafenib treatment resulted in reduced neuroblastoma cell viability and confluence, with both induction of apoptosis and of cell cycle arrest. Regorafenib treatment inhibits known receptor tyrosine kinase targets RET and PDGFRβ and intracellular signalling through the RAS/MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Fos/Jun pathways. Regorafenib is effective against neuroblastoma tumours in vivo, and the combination of regorafenib and 13-cis-retinoic acid demonstrates enhanced efficacy compared with regorafenib alone. CONCLUSIONS The effects of regorafenib on multiple intracellular signalling pathways and the potential additional efficacy when combined with 13-cis-retinoic acid represent opportunities to develop treatment regimens incorporating regorafenib for children with neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Subramonian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nikki Phanhthilath
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Rinehardt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sean Flynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuchen Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen Messer
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lesperance
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter E Zage
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Peckham Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Yazdani HO, Huang H, Tsung A. Autophagy: Dual Response in the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020091. [PMID: 30695997 PMCID: PMC6406383 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved intracellular mechanism which helps eukaryotic cells in maintaining their metabolic state to afford high-efficiency energy requirements. In the physiology of a normal liver and the pathogenesis of liver diseases, autophagy plays a crucial role. Autophagy has been found to be both upregulated and downregulated in different cancers providing the evidence that autophagy plays a dual role in suppressing and promoting cell survival. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the major leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. In light of its high complexity and poor prognosis, it is essential to improve our understanding of autophagy’s role in HCC. In this review, we summarize the dual mechanism of autophagy in the development of HCC and elucidate the currently used therapeutic strategies for anti-HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza O Yazdani
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, PA 15213-2582, USA.
| | - Hai Huang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, N924 Doan Hall, 410 West 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Allan Tsung
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, N924 Doan Hall, 410 West 10th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Refolo MG, D’Alessandro R, Lippolis C, Carella N, Cavallini A, Messa C, Carr BI. IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors and Vitamin K1 enhance the antitumor effects of Regorafenib in HCC cell lines. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103465-103476. [PMID: 29262576 PMCID: PMC5732742 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent RESORCE trial showed that treatment with Regorafenib after Sorafenib failure provided a significant improvement in overall survival in HCC patients. Preclinical and clinical trial data showed that Regorafenib is a more potent drug than Sorafenib. In this study we aimed at improving Regorafenib actions and at reducing its toxicity, by targeting parallel pathways or by combination with Vitamins K (VKs). We investigated the effects of Regorafenib administrated at low concentrations and in combination with either VK1 and/or with GSK1838705A or OSI-906, two IGF1-R inhibitors, on HCC cell growth and motility. Our results showed that both IGF1-R inhibitors potentiated the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of Regorafenib and/or VK1 in HCC cell lines. Moreover we provide evidence that the combined treatment with IG1-R antagonists and Regorafenib (and/or VK1) also caused a significant reduction and depolymerization of actin resulting in synergistic inhibition exerted on cell migration. Thus, simultaneous blocking of MAPK and PI3K/Akt cascades with IGF1-R inhibitors plus Regorafenib could represent a more potent approach for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Refolo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Clinical Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
| | - Rosalba D’Alessandro
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Clinical Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
| | - Catia Lippolis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Clinical Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
| | - Nicola Carella
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Clinical Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
| | - Aldo Cavallini
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Clinical Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
| | - Caterina Messa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Clinical Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
| | - Brian Irving Carr
- Visiting Professor, Program for Targeted Experimental Therapeutics, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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6
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Son MK, Ryu MH, Park JO, Im SA, Kim TY, Lee SJ, Ryoo BY, Park SR, Kang YK. Efficacy and Safety of Regorafenib in Korean Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor after Failure of Imatinib and Sunitinib: A Multicenter Study Based on the Management Access Program. Cancer Res Treat 2017; 49:350-357. [PMID: 27456941 PMCID: PMC5398393 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2016.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to confirm the efficacy and safety of regorafenib for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) reported in the GRID phase III trial in Korean patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-seven Korean patientswith advanced GISTwho experienced both imatinib and sunitinib failure were enrolled in the management access program between December 2012 and November 2013 and treated with regorafenib (160 mg orally once daily in a 3 weeks on/1 week off). RESULTS None of the patients achieved a complete or partial response while 25 patients (44%) showed stable disease for ≥ 12 weeks. With a median follow-up of 12.7 months (range, 0.2 to 27.6 months), the median progression-free survival and overall survival were 4.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8 to 5.3) and 12.9 months (95% CI, 8.1 to 17.7), respectively. Interestingly, 15 patients (26%) experienced an exacerbation of their cancer-related symptoms (abdominal pain in eight and abdominal distension in five) during the rest period for regorafenib, but all were ameliorated upon the resumption of regorafenib. The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse event was a hand-foot skin reaction (25%). The regorafenib dose was reduced in 44 patients (77%) due to toxicity, which manifested mainly as a hand-foot skin reaction (n=31). CONCLUSION This study confirmed the efficacy and safety of regorafenib for advanced GIST after imatinib and sunitinib failure in Korean patients. Considering the exacerbation of the cancer-related symptoms observed during the rest periods, further exploration of the continuous dosing schedule of regorafenib is warranted in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Kyun Son
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Hee Ryu
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baek-Yeol Ryoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook Ryun Park
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Koo Kang
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Schroeder B, Li Z, Cranmer LD, Jones RL, Pollack SM. Targeting gastrointestinal stromal tumors: the role of regorafenib. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3009-16. [PMID: 27284251 PMCID: PMC4881930 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s104081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a devastating disease in the metastatic setting, but its natural history has been dramatically altered by the development of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, most notably imatinib. Although patients with advanced GIST live much longer today than they did in the past, imatinib-refractory disease remains a tremendous problem. For disease that is refractory to imatinib and sunitinib, regorafenib is an excellent option. In this review, we discuss the biology and clinical work establishing regorafenib as the standard of care for advanced GIST refractory to both imatinib and sunitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Schroeder
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Zula Li
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lee D Cranmer
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robin L Jones
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Seth M Pollack
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Daudigeos-Dubus E, Le Dret L, Lanvers-Kaminsky C, Bawa O, Opolon P, Vievard A, Villa I, Pagès M, Bosq J, Vassal G, Zopf D, Geoerger B. Regorafenib: Antitumor Activity upon Mono and Combination Therapy in Preclinical Pediatric Malignancy Models. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142612. [PMID: 26599335 PMCID: PMC4658168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The multikinase inhibitor regorafenib (BAY 73-4506) exerts both anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic activity in adult solid malignancies mainly advanced colorectal cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. We intended to explore preclinically the potential of regorafenib against solid pediatric malignancies alone and in combination with anticancer agents to guide the pediatric development plan. In vitro effects on cell proliferation were screened against 33 solid tumor cell lines of the Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer (ITCC) panel covering five pediatric solid malignancies. Regorafenib inhibited cell proliferation with a mean half maximal growth inhibition of 12.5 μmol/L (range 0.7 μmol/L to 28 μmol/L). In vivo, regorafenib was evaluated alone at 10 or 30 mg/kg/d or in combination with radiation, irinotecan or the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor refametinib against various tumor types, including patient-derived brain tumor models with an amplified platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA) gene. Regorafenib alone significantly inhibited tumor growth in all xenografts derived from nervous system and connective tissue tumors. Enhanced effects were observed when regorafenib was combined with irradiation and irinotecan against PDGFRA amplified IGRG93 glioma and IGRM57 medulloblastoma respectively, resulting in 100% tumor regressions. Antitumor activity was associated with decreased tumor vascularization, inhibition of PDGFR signaling, and induction of apoptotic cell death. Our work demonstrates that regorafenib exhibits significant antitumor activity in a wide spectrum of preclinical pediatric models through inhibition of angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, radio- and chemosensitizing effects were observed with DNA damaging agents in PDGFR amplified tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Daudigeos-Dubus
- Université Paris-Sud 11, Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France
- CNRS, Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, UMR 8203, Orsay, France
- Gustave Roussy, Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France
| | - Ludivine Le Dret
- Université Paris-Sud 11, Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France
- CNRS, Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, UMR 8203, Orsay, France
- Gustave Roussy, Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France
| | - Claudia Lanvers-Kaminsky
- University Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Münster, Germany
| | - Olivia Bawa
- PFEP (Plateforme d’évaluation préclinique), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Paule Opolon
- PFEP (Plateforme d’évaluation préclinique), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Irène Villa
- Pathology Laboratory, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Mélanie Pagès
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne’s Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Bosq
- Pathology Laboratory, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gilles Vassal
- Université Paris-Sud 11, Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France
- CNRS, Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, UMR 8203, Orsay, France
- Gustave Roussy, Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France
| | - Dieter Zopf
- Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Université Paris-Sud 11, Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France
- CNRS, Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, UMR 8203, Orsay, France
- Gustave Roussy, Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
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Lippolis C, Refolo MG, D'Alessandro R, Carella N, Messa C, Cavallini A, Carr BI. Resistance to multikinase inhibitor actions mediated by insulin like growth factor-1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:90. [PMID: 26329608 PMCID: PMC4557596 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Blood platelet numbers are correlated with growth and aggressiveness of several tumor types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We previously found that platelet lysates (hPLs) both stimulated HCC cell growth and migration, and antagonized the growth-inhibitory and apoptotic effects of Regorafenib, multikinase growth inhibitor, on HCC cell lines. We evaluated the effects of human insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), a mitogen contained in platelets, on the Regorafenib-mediated growth inhibition. Methods An Elisa kit was used to evaluate hPL IGF1 concentrations. The effects of IGF1 on cell proliferation were assessed with MTT assay and analysis of cell cycle progression. Apoptosis assays, scratch assay and Transwell assay were performed to measure apoptosis, cell migration and invasion respectively. Western blots were performed by standard protocols. Results IGF1 antagonized growth inhibition exerted by Regorafenib on HCC cell lines. Moreover the mitogen blocked Regorafenib-induced apoptosis and decreased the rate of cell migration and invasion. The IGF1 effects were in turn antagonized by actions of a potent IGF1 receptor inhibitor, GSK1838705A, showing that the IGF1 receptor was involved in the mechanisms of IGF1-mediated blocking of Regorafenib action. GSK1838705A also partially blocked the effects of hPLs in antagonizing Regorafenib-mediated growth inhibition, showing that IGF1 was an important component of hPL actions. Conclusions These results show that IGF1 antagonized Regorafenib-mediated growth, migration and invasion inhibition, as well as the drug-mediated induction of apoptosis in HCC cells and reinforce the idea that microenvironmental factors can influence cancer drug actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Lippolis
- Department Clinical Pathology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Refolo
- Department Clinical Pathology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy.
| | - Rosalba D'Alessandro
- Department Clinical Pathology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy.
| | - Nicola Carella
- Department Clinical Pathology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy.
| | - Caterina Messa
- Department Clinical Pathology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy.
| | - Aldo Cavallini
- Department Clinical Pathology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy.
| | - Brian Irving Carr
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Delire B, Stärkel P. The Ras/MAPK pathway and hepatocarcinoma: pathogenesis and therapeutic implications. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:609-23. [PMID: 25832714 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a major health problem, often diagnosed at an advanced stage. The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib is to date the sole approved systemic therapy. Several signalling pathways are implicated in tumour development and progression. Among these pathways, the Ras/MAPK pathway is activated in 50-100% of human HCCs and is correlated with a poor prognosis. The aim of this work was to review the main intracellular mechanisms leading to aberrant Ras pathway activation in HCC and the potential therapeutic implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review is based on the material found on PubMed up to December 2014. 'Ras signaling, Ras dysregulation, Ras inhibition, MAPK pathway, cancer, hepatocarcinoma and liver cancer' alone or in combination were the main terms used for online research. RESULTS Multiple mechanisms lead to the deregulation of the Ras pathway in liver cancer. Ras and Raf gene mutations are rare events in human hepatocarcinogenesis in contrast to experimental models in rodents. Downregulation of several Ras/MAPK pathway inhibitors such as GAPs, RASSF proteins, DUSP1, Sprouty and Spred proteins is largely implicated in the aberrant activation of this pathway in the context of wild-type Ras and Raf genes. Epigenetic or post-transcriptional mechanisms lead to the downregulation of these tumour suppressor genes. CONCLUSION Ras/MAPK pathway effectors may be considered as potential therapeutic targets in the field of HCC. In particular after the arrival of sorafenib, more Ras/MAPK inhibitors have emerged and are still in preclinical or clinical investigation for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Delire
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology, Saint-Luc Academic Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Modulation of Regorafenib effects on HCC cell lines by epidermal growth factor. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 75:1237-1245. [PMID: 25907508 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Blood platelet numbers are correlated to growth and aggressiveness of several tumor types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We previously found that platelet lysates (hPLs) also stimulated growth and migration, and antagonized the growth-inhibitory and apoptotic effects of both Sorafenib and Regorafenib, two multikinase inhibitors, on three HCC cell lines. In this study, in vitro function of human epidermal growth factor (EGF) with and without Sorafenib or Regorafenib was investigated. METHODS An ELISA kit was used to evaluate the EGF concentrations in hPLs. In vitro function of EGF was assessed with proliferation MTT test. Apoptosis assay, scratch assays, and Transwell assays were performed for apoptosis, invasion, and migration, respectively. MAPK Activation Kit was used to explore MAPK phosphorylation. RESULTS EGF antagonized the growth inhibition of Regorafenib on three HCC cell lines. Regorafenib-mediated growth inhibition was blocked by 70 % when the cells were pre-treated with EGF. EGF also blocked Regorafenib-induced apoptosis, as well as Regorafenib-induced decreases in cell migration and invasion. The EGF effects were in turn antagonized by concomitant addition to the cultures of EGF receptor antagonist Erlotinib, showing that the EGF receptor was involved in the mechanisms of EGF-mediated blocking of Regorafenib effects. Erlotinib also partially blocked the effects of hPLs in antagonizing Regorafenib-mediated growth inhibition, showing that EGF was an important component of hPL actions. CONCLUSIONS All these results show that EGF antagonized Regorafenib-mediated growth and migration inhibition and apoptosis induction in HCC cells and reinforce the idea that microenvironment can influence cancer drug actions.
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D'Alessandro R, Refolo MG, Lippolis C, Giannuzzi G, Carella N, Messa C, Cavallini A, Carr BI. Antagonism of sorafenib and regorafenib actions by platelet factors in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:351. [PMID: 24885890 PMCID: PMC4038078 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets are frequently altered in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Platelet lysates (hPL) can enhance HCC cell growth and decrease apoptosis. The aims were to evaluate whether hPL can modulate the actions of sorafenib or regorafenib, two clinical HCC multikinase antagonists. METHODS Several human HCC cell lines were grown in the presence and absence of sorafenib or regorafenib, with or without hPL. Growth was measured by MTT assay, apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V and by western blot, and autophagy and MAPK growth signaling were also measured by western blot, and migration and invasion were measured by standard in vitro assays. RESULTS Both sorafenib and regorafenib-mediated inhibition of cell growth, migration and invasion were all antagonized by hPL. Drug-mediated apoptosis and decrease in phospho-ERK levels were both blocked by hPL, which also increased anti-apoptotic phospho-STAT, Bax and Bcl-xL levels. Preliminary data, obtained with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), included in hPL, revealed that these factors were able to antagonized sorafenib in a proliferation assay, in particular when used in combination. CONCLUSIONS Platelet factors can antagonize sorafenib or regorafenib-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis in HCC cells. The modulation of platelet activity or numbers has the potential to enhance multikinase drug actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian I Carr
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy.
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