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Patell K, Mears VL, Storandt MH, Mahipal A. Metabolism, toxicity and management of fruquintinib: a novel drug for metastatic colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:197-205. [PMID: 38497279 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2332364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer globally and despite therapeutic strides, the prognosis for patients with metastatic disease (mCRC) remains poor. Fruquintinib is an oral vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting VEGFR -1, -2, and -3, and has recently received approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of mCRC refractory to standard chemotherapy, anti-VEGF therapy, and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy. AREAS COVERED This article provides an overview of the pre-clinical data, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety profile of fruquintinib, as well as the management of clinical toxicities associated with fruquintinib. EXPERT OPINION Fruquintinib is a valuable additional treatment option for patients with refractory mCRC. The pivotal role of vigilant toxicity management cannot be understated. While fruquintinib offers a convenient and overall, well-tolerated treatment option, ongoing research is essential to determine its efficacy in different patient subsets, evaluate it in combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and determine its role in earlier lines of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchi Patell
- Hematology and Oncology Fellow, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Veronica Lee Mears
- GI Oncology Clinical Pharmacist Specialist, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Amit Mahipal
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Hu J, Liu W, Wang Y, Chen X, Guo Y, Peng Q, Guo J, Zhang H, Zhang S, Deng G. Pharmacokinetic study of deufruquintinibs in rats by HPLC-MS/MS after oral administration. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5459. [PMID: 35862249 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was established to quantitatively determine the pharmacokinetics of fruquintinib (HMPL-013) and its derivatives (deufruquintinib-3D (HMPL-013-3D), deufruquintinib-6D (HMPL-013-6D), deufruquintinib-9D (HMPL-013-9D)) in rats. Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple-reaction-mode (MRM). The method established in this assay was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of HMPL-013 and HMPL-013-Ds after oral administration. These results showed that HMPL-013-Ds had longer half-life(t1/2 ) and larger area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) than HMPL-013, especially the HMPL-013-6D, which provides a significant basis for innovative ideas for drug structure transformation to reduce drug administration frequency and dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Hu
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, PR China
| | - Yanwei Guo
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, PR China
| | - Qianqian Peng
- Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, PR China
| | - Jian Guo
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, PR China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, PR China
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, PR China
| | - Gaigai Deng
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, PR China
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Liu X, Guo A, Tu Y, Li W, Li L, Liu W, Ju Y, Zhou Y, Sang A, Zhu M. Fruquintinib inhibits VEGF/VEGFR2 axis of choroidal endothelial cells and M1-type macrophages to protect against mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1016. [PMID: 33247124 PMCID: PMC7695853 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wet age-related macular degeneration, which is characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and induces obvious vision loss. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family member VEGF-A (also named as VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR2 contribute to the pathogenesis of CNV. Choroidal endothelial cells (CECs) secret C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), which attracts macrophages to CNV lesion and promotes macrophage M1 polarization. Accordingly, infiltrating macrophages secret inflammatory cytokines to promote CNV. In vivo, intravitreal injection of fruquintinib (HMPL-013), an antitumor neovascularization drug, alleviated mouse CNV formation without obvious ocular toxicity. Meanwhile, HMPL-013 inhibited VEGF/VEGFR2 binding in CECs and macrophages, as well as macrophage M1 polarization. In vitro, noncontact coculture of human choroidal vascular endothelial cells (HCVECs) and macrophages under hypoxia conditions was established. HMPL-013 downregulated VEGF/VEGFR2/phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (AKT)/nuclear factor kappa B pathway and CCL2 secretion in HCVECs, as well as VEGF/VEGFR2-induced macrophage M1 polarization under hypoxia condition. In addition, HMPL-013 inhibited HCEVC derived CCL2-induced macrophage migration and M1 polarization, along with macrophage M1 polarization-induced HCVECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Altogether, HMPL-013 alleviated CNV formation might via breaking detrimental cross talk between CECs and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aisong Guo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wendie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lele Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wangrui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ju
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yamei Zhou
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aimin Sang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Manhui Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Wang L, Guo L, Wang Y, Guo R, Xu Z, Gao Z, Xie L, Chen J, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Bao L, Xu W, Zhu M, Shao F, Shu Y. Metabolic disposition of [ 14 C]-abivertinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor: Role of glutathione conjugation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:1475-1485. [PMID: 32959915 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of abivertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Seven patients with advanced NSCLC were given a single 200 mg/83 μCi oral suspension of [14 C]-abivertinib. Blood, urine and faeces were collected. Mass balance of radioactivity, the pharmacokinetics of abivertinib, and the total radioactivity were determined. Metabolite profiling and characterisation were performed. RESULTS The mean recovery was 82.16%, with 2.38 and 79.78% of the radioactive dose excreted in urine and faeces, respectively. The unchanged abivertinib was the major radioactive component detected in plasma within the first 24 hours after dosing, accounting for 59.17% of the total drug-related radioactivity. Abivertinib in urine accounted for only 0.96% of the administered dose, whereas in faeces it accounted for 33.36%. Eight metabolites were detected and characterised in plasma, among which MII-7, a product of cysteine glycine conjugate, was the only circulating metabolite, accounting for approximate 10.6% of the total drug-related exposure. MII-2 (an abivertinib cysteine-glycine adduct) and M7 (a reduced product of abivertinib) were the 2 major metabolites in the excreta, accounting for 20.0 and 12.4%, respectively, of the drug-related radioactivity in faeces. CONCLUSION Following a single oral administration, the unchanged abivertinib was the predominant drug-related material in plasma, urine and faeces. The drug-related materials were primarily eliminated via the faecal route. Direct glutathione conjugation of abivertinib played a significant role in the metabolic clearance and metabolite exposure of abivertinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lian Guo
- Department of DMPK Service, Lab Testing Division, WuXi AppTec Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of DMPK Service, Lab Testing Division, WuXi AppTec Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Renhua Guo
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengzhen Gao
- Department of DMPK Service, Lab Testing Division, WuXi AppTec Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Xie
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwen Zhang
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Bao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanhong Xu
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Research, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingshe Zhu
- Department of DMPK Service, Lab Testing Division, WuXi AppTec Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China.,MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Feng Shao
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhou S, Liu W, Zhou C, Zhang L, Xie L, Xu Z, Wang L, Zhao Y, Guo L, Chen J, Ding L, Mao L, Tao Y, Zhang C, Ding S, Shao F. Mass balance, metabolic disposition, and pharmacokinetics of [ 14C]ensartinib, a novel potent anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, in healthy subjects following oral administration. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 86:719-730. [PMID: 33044566 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ensartinib is a novel, potent and highly selective inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) that has promising clinical activity and low toxicity in patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetics, metabolism and excretion of ensartinib following a single 200 mg/100 μCi oral dose of radiolabeled ensartinib to healthy subjects. METHODS Six healthy male subjects were enrolled and administrated an oral suspension in a fasted state. Blood, urine and feces were collected. Radioactivity concentrations were measured by liquid scintillation counting and plasma concentrations of ensartinib by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Both techniques were applied for metabolite profiling and characterization. RESULTS The mean total recovery was 101.21% of the radiolabeled dose with 91.00% and 10.21% excreted in feces and urine, respectively. Unchanged ensartinib was the predominant drug-related component in urine and feces, representing 4.39% and 38.12% of the administered dose, respectively. Unchanged ensartinib and its metabolite M465 were the major circulating components, accounting for the same 27.45% of the plasma total radioactivity (AUC0-24h pool), while other circulating metabolites were minor, accounting for less than 10%. Mean Cmax, AUC0-∞, T1/2 and Tmax values for ensartinib in plasma were 185 ng/mL, 3827 h ng/mL, 18.3 h and 3.25 h, respectively. The total radioactivity in plasma was cleared with terminal half-life of 27.2 h. Treatment with ensartinib was well tolerated, and no serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION It was well tolerated in the six healthy male subjects following a single oral administration of 200 mg/100 μCi dose of ensartinib. Besides unchanged ensartinib, metabolite of M465 was the predominant circulating drug-related component. The drug was primarily eliminated in feces. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03804541.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufeng Zhou
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, #300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Nulear Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, #300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Lab Testing Division, Department of DMPK Service, WuXi AppTec Co. Ltd., Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Lijun Xie
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, #300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Xu
- Nulear Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, #300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, #300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lian Guo
- Lab Testing Division, Department of DMPK Service, WuXi AppTec Co. Ltd., Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, #300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lieming Ding
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Li Mao
- Betta Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Lab Testing Division, Department of DMPK Service, WuXi AppTec Co. Ltd., Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Nulear Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Sijia Ding
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, #300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Shao
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, #300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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A Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of fruquintinib in Chinese patients with advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer - The FALUCA study. Lung Cancer 2020; 146:252-262. [PMID: 32592986 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fruquintinib is an orally active kinase inhibitor that selectively targets the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor. A Phase II trial has demonstrated a significant benefit in progression-free survival (PFS) for fruquintinib-treated patients with locally advanced/metastatic nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have progressed after second-line chemotherapy. This Phase III trial is a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial to confirm fruquintinib's efficacy in the same patient population. MATERIALS AND METHODS From December 2015 to February 2018, 730 patients were screened, of whom 527 were enrolled into the study. Participants were randomized 2:1 to receive fruquintinib (n = 354) or placebo (n = 173) once daily for 3 weeks on-treatment, and 1 week off-treatment. Patients were stratified according to epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status and prior use of VEGF inhibitors. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). RESULTS Median OS was 8.9 months for the fruquintinib group and 10.4 months for placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.02; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.82-1.28; P = 0.841), with median PFS of 3.7 months and 1.0 months, respectively (HR 0.34; 95 % CI, 0.28-0.43; P < 0.001). Objective response rate and disease control rate were 13.8 % and 66.7 % for fruquintinib, and 0.6 % and 24.9 % for placebo, respectively (P < 0.001). Hypertension was the most frequent treatment-emergent adverse event (≥grade 3) observed in fruquintinib-treated patients (21.0 %). Post hoc analysis revealed that fruquintinib prolonged the median OS for patients who did not receive subsequent antitumor therapy: 7.0 months versus 5.1 months for placebo (HR 0.65; 95 % CI, 0.46-0.91; P = 0.012). Patients receiving fruquintinib also reported improvements in quality of life for most functional scales measured by EORTC QLQ-C30 and LC13 questionnaires. CONCLUSION Although the study did not meet its primary endpoint, fruquintinib could be effective in combination with other agents for the treatment of patients with NSCLC who have failed second-line chemotherapy.
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Zhang Y, Zou JY, Wang Z, Wang Y. Fruquintinib: a novel antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:7787-7803. [PMID: 31496821 PMCID: PMC6701622 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s215533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a critical role in the neoplastic growth, progression, and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in a process regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members and their receptors (VEGFR). Several small-molecule anti-VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as regorafenib, famitinib, axitinib and apatinib, have been shown to be effective in treating metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Fruquintinib (ELUNATE®) is a novel oral anti-VEGFR TKI, originated and developed by Hutchison MediPharma. Fruquintinib is a potent and highly selective small-molecule inhibitor of VEGFR-1, -2 and -3. In the Phase 3 FRESCO trial, fruquintinib improved both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with mCRC, compared with placebo. Fruquintinib also showed an acceptable safety and tolerability profile. Based on the data from this trial, fruquintinib was approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) in 2018, for the treatment of patients with mCRC who had undergone at least two prior standard anticancer therapies. The existing clinical trials and future prospects of fruquintinib in mCRC will be discussed in this article. In addition, to better understand the role of fruquintinib in this setting, recent advances in other anti-VEGFR TKIs for mCRC treatment are also reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yun Zou
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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Mei YB, Luo SB, Ye LY, Zhang Q, Guo J, Qiu XJ, Xie SL. Validated UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of fruquintinib in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2865-2871. [PMID: 31616134 PMCID: PMC6699497 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s199362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new, simple, and sensitive ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for quantification of fruquintinib was established to assess the pharmacokinetics of fruquintinib in the rat. The internal standard working solution was added to the plasma sample for extraction before analysis. The Acquity UPLC BEH C18 chromatography column (2.1 mm ×50 mm, 1.7 μm) was used to separated analytes under gradient elution using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase. Positive multiple reaction monitoring modes were chosen to detect fruquintinib and diazepam (IS). The precursor-to-product ion transitions were 394.2 → 363.2 for fruquintinib and m/z 285 → 154 for IS. The current method was linear over the concentration range of 1.0-1000 ng/mL for fruquintinib with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992 or better. The matrix effect of fruquintinib and IS was acceptable under the current method. The intra- and interday precision (RSD%) and accuracy (RE%) were within 11.9% and ±13.7%, respectively. The recovery, stability, and sensitivity were validated according to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for bioanalytical method validation. The analytical method had been validated and applied to a pharmacokinetic study of fruquintinib in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bin Mei
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Bin Luo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yan Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Regional Medical Union, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Jun Qiu
- Department of pharmacology, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai-Li Xie
- Department of Ultrasonic imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
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Deng Y, Li X. Fruquintinib and its use in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Future Oncol 2019; 15:2571-2576. [PMID: 31407939 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruquintinib is a potent, highly selective and orally active inhibitor of VEGFR1, 2, 3 tyrosine kinases. It inhibits VEGF-induced VEGFR2 phosphorylation, endothelial cell proliferation and tubule formation. Currently, it has been approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer in patients who have failed at least two prior systemic antineoplastic therapies in China. However, it is not approved outside China, and there is another similar small molecular VEGFR multitarget drug approved in China, USA, Europe, etc. Here, we summarize the mechanism characteristics and clinical development of fruquintinib supporting its use in the treatment of metastastic colorectal cancer as well as explorations in other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal & Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Medical Affair, Lilly Suzhou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
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Abstract
Fruquintinib (Elunate®) is an orally available, potent and highly selective small molecule inhibitor of VEGFR-1, -2 and -3 that was discovered and developed by Hutchison MediPharma for the treatment of solid tumours. In September 2018, fruquintinib received its first global approval, in China, for use in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients who have failed at least two prior systemic anti-neoplastic therapies. Fruquintinib is in ongoing phase III clinical development for use in the treatment of advanced NSCLC and advanced gastric cancer. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of fruquintinib leading to this first approval for the treatment of metastatic CRC.
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Chen Z, Jiang L. The clinical application of fruquintinib on colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019; 12:713-721. [PMID: 31177854 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1630272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongguang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Central Hospital of Linyi City, Yishui, Shandong, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Ultrasound Medical Department, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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