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Preclinical studies of the triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivative WS-716 as a highly potent, specific and orally active P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3263-3280. [PMID: 35967279 PMCID: PMC9366537 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main cause of clinical treatment failure and poor prognosis in cancer. Targeting P-glycoprotein (P-gp) has been regarded as an effective strategy to overcome MDR. In this work, we reported our preclinical studies of the triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-based compound WS-716 as a highly potent, specific, and orally active P-gp inhibitor. Through direct binding to P-gp, WS-716 inhibited efflux function of P-gp and specifically reversed P-gp-mediated MDR to paclitaxel (PTX) in multiple resistant cell lines, without changing its expression or subcellular localization. WS-716 and PTX synergistically inhibited formation of colony and 3D spheroid, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in resistant SW620/Ad300 cells. In addition, WS-716 displayed minimal effect on the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4). Importantly, WS-716 increased sensitivity of both pre-clinically and clinically derived MDR tumors to PTX in vivo with the T/C value of 29.7% in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Relative to PTX treatment alone, combination of WS-716 and PTX caused no obvious adverse reactions. Taken together, our preclinical studies revealed therapeutic promise of WS-716 against MDR cancer, the promising data warrant its further development for cancer therapy.
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Chen B, Wang SQ, Huang J, Xu W, Lv H, Nie C, Wang J, Zhao H, Liu Y, Li J, Lu C, Zhang J, Chen XB. Knockdown of Kremen2 Inhibits Tumor Growth and Migration in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:534095. [PMID: 33489867 PMCID: PMC7817645 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.534095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kremen2 (Krm2) plays an important role in embryonic development, bone formation, and tumorigenesis as a crucial regulator of classical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, the role of Krm2 in gastric cancer is not clear. The aim of this study was to explore the regulatory role of Krm2 in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of gastric cancer. It was demonstrated that, compared to para-cancerous tissues, Krm2 was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and was positively correlated with the pathological grade of gastric cancer patients. Given that Krm2 is abundantly expressed in most tested gastric cancer cell lines, Krm2 knockdown cell models were established and further used to construct mice xenograft model. After knocking down Krm2, both the cell survival in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo of gastric cancer cells were inhibited. At the same time, knockdown of Krm2 induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and repression of migration in gastric cancer cells in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that knockdown of Krm2 suppressed PI3K/Akt pathway. Therefore, we revealed the novel role and the molecular mechanism of Krm2 in promoting the tumorigenesis and metastasis in gastric cancer. Krm2 can be a potent candidate for designing of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sai-Qi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinxi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huifang Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Nie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianzheng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huichen Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jitian Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Canrong Lu
- Department of General surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Xiao-Bing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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