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Harris TJ, Liao Y, Shi W, Evangelista M, Pal B, Puthalakath H, Aston R, Mollard R, Mariadason JM, Lee EF, Fairlie WD. Induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is associated with the anti-tumor activity of monepantel across cancer types. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 37148543 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monepantel is an anti-helminthic drug that also has anti-cancer properties. Despite several studies over the years, the molecular target of monepantel in mammalian cells is still unknown, and its mechanism-of-action is not fully understood, though effects on cell cycle, mTOR signalling and autophagy have been implicated. METHODS Viability assays were performed on >20 solid cancer cell cells, and apoptosis assays were performed on a subset of these, including 3D cultures. Genetic deletion of BAX/BAK and ATG were used to establish roles of apoptosis and autophagy in killing activity. RNA-sequencing was performed on four cell lines after monepantel treatment, and differentially regulated genes were confirmed by Western blotting. RESULTS We showed that monepantel has anti-proliferative activity on a broad range of cancer cell lines. In some, this was associated with induction of apoptosis which was confirmed using a BAX/BAK-deficient cell line. However, proliferation is still inhibited in these cells following monepantel treatment, indicating cell-cycle disruption as the major anti-cancer effect. Previous studies have also indicated autophagic cell death occurs following monepantel treatment. We showed autophagy induction in multiple cell lines; however, deletion of a key autophagy regulator ATG7 had minimal impact on monepantel's anti-proliferative activity, suggesting autophagy is associated with, but not required for its anti-tumour effects. Transcriptomic analysis of four cell lines treated with monepantel revealed downregulation of many genes involved in the cell cycle, and upregulation of genes linked to ATF4-mediated ER stress responses, especially those involved in amino-acid metabolism and protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS As these outcomes are all associated with mTOR signalling, cell cycle and autophagy, we now provide a likely triggering mechanism for the anti-cancer activity of monepantel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany J Harris
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yang Liao
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wei Shi
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marco Evangelista
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bhupinder Pal
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Richard Mollard
- PharmAust Ltd, Claremont, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John M Mariadason
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erinna F Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Walter D Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Hayes LR, Kalab P. Emerging Therapies and Novel Targets for TDP-43 Proteinopathy in ALS/FTD. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1061-1084. [PMID: 35790708 PMCID: PMC9587158 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic mislocalization of the essential RNA binding protein, TDP-43, is a pathologic hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and related neurodegenerative disorders collectively termed "TDP-43 proteinopathies." TDP-43 mislocalization causes neurodegeneration through both loss and gain of function mechanisms. Loss of TDP-43 nuclear RNA processing function destabilizes the transcriptome by multiple mechanisms including disruption of pre-mRNA splicing, the failure of repression of cryptic exons, and retrotransposon activation. The accumulation of cytoplasmic TDP-43, which is prone to aberrant liquid-liquid phase separation and aggregation, traps TDP-43 in the cytoplasm and disrupts a host of downstream processes including the trafficking of RNA granules, local translation within axons, and mitochondrial function. In this review, we will discuss the TDP-43 therapy development pipeline, beginning with therapies in current and upcoming clinical trials, which are primarily focused on accelerating the clearance of TDP-43 aggregates. Then, we will look ahead to emerging strategies from preclinical studies, first from high-throughput genetic and pharmacologic screens, and finally from mechanistic studies focused on the upstream cause(s) of TDP-43 disruption in ALS/FTD. These include modulation of stress granule dynamics, TDP-43 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, RNA metabolism, and correction of aberrant splicing events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey R Hayes
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Dept. of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Petr Kalab
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Begley CG, Ashton M, Baell J, Bettess M, Brown MP, Carter B, Charman WN, Davis C, Fisher S, Frazer I, Gautam A, Jennings MP, Kearney P, Keeffe E, Kelly D, Lopez AF, McGuckin M, Parker MW, Rayner C, Roberts B, Rush JS, Sullivan M. Drug repurposing: Misconceptions, challenges, and opportunities for academic researchers. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabd5524. [PMID: 34550729 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd5524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Ashton
- UniQuest Pty Ltd., University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Michael P Brown
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brett Carter
- Bioseer Pty Ltd., Glen Iris, Victoria, Australia
| | - William N Charman
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Davis
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Fisher
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Australia Pty Ltd., Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian Frazer
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Michael P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip Kearney
- Merck Sharp & Dohme, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eloise Keeffe
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Darren Kelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angel F Lopez
- Centre for Cancer Biology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Michael W Parker
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Brett Roberts
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Australia Pty Ltd., Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Mark Sullivan
- Medicines Development for Global Health, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
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