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Li R, Chi H, Liao X, Cen S, Zou Y. The Glabridin from Huangqin Decoction Prevents the Development of Ulcerative Colitis into Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer by Modulating MMP1/MMP3 Activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112262. [PMID: 38805906 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Huangqin decoction (HQD) is a Chinese medicine used to treat colitis and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the specific compounds and mechanisms of HQD remain unclear despite its good curative clinical results. Through bioinformatics, network pharmacology, and experiments, this study aims to explore the progressive mechanisms of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) from ulcerative colitis (UC) while examining the protective effects of HQD and its compounds against this. METHODS Bioinformatics was utilized to identify the hub genes between UC and CRC, and their clinical predictive significance, function, and expression were validated. Employing network pharmacology in combination with hub genes, key targets of HQD for preventing the development of UC into CAC were identified. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) were utilized to procure compounds that effectively bind to these targets and their transcription factors (TFs). Finally, the expression and mechanism of key targets were demonstrated in mice with UC or CAC. RESULTS (1) Joint analysis of UC and CRC gene sets resulted in 14 hub genes, mainly related to extracellular matrix receptor binding, biological processes in the extracellular matrix, focal adhesion and neutrophil migration; (2) Network pharmacology results show HQD has 133 core targets for treating UC and CRC, acting on extracellular matrix, inflammatory bowel disease, chemical carcinogen receptor activation and other pathways; (3) The intersection of hub genes and core targets yielded two key targets, MMP1 and MMP3; (4) STAT3 is a shared TF of MMP1 and MMP3. (5) Molecular docking and MD verified that the dockings between Glabridin and STAT3/MMP1/MMP3 are stable and reliable; (6) In murine vivo experiments verified that Glabridin reduces inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and the occurrence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition to prevent UC transforming into CAC by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3 and regulating the activity of MMP1/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roude Li
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China; The second school of clinical medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China.
| | - Honggang Chi
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China; The second school of clinical medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Liao
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China; The second school of clinical medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China.
| | - Shuimei Cen
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China; The second school of clinical medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China.
| | - Ying Zou
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China; The second school of clinical medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523000, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan Liaobu Hospital, Dongguan 523000, China.
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He L, Kang Q, Chan KI, Zhang Y, Zhong Z, Tan W. The immunomodulatory role of matrix metalloproteinases in colitis-associated cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1093990. [PMID: 36776395 PMCID: PMC9910179 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are an important class of enzymes in the body that function through the extracellular matrix (ECM). They are involved in diverse pathophysiological processes, such as tumor invasion and metastasis, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, periodontal disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, and diseases of the central nervous system. MMPs participate in the occurrence and development of numerous cancers and are closely related to immunity. In the present study, we review the immunomodulatory role of MMPs in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and discuss relevant clinical applications. We analyze more than 300 pharmacological studies retrieved from PubMed and the Web of Science, related to MMPs, cancer, colitis, CAC, and immunomodulation. Key MMPs that interfere with pathological processes in CAC such as MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-12, and MMP-13, as well as their corresponding mechanisms are elaborated. MMPs are involved in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, ECM remodeling, and the inflammatory response in CAC. They also affect the immune system by modulating differentiation and immune activity of immune cells, recruitment of macrophages, and recruitment of neutrophils. Herein we describe the immunomodulatory role of MMPs in CAC to facilitate treatment of this special type of colon cancer, which is preceded by detectable inflammatory bowel disease in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying He
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianming Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ka Iong Chan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China,*Correspondence: Zhangfeng Zhong, ; Wen Tan,
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhangfeng Zhong, ; Wen Tan,
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Tune BXJ, Sim MS, Poh CL, Guad RM, Woon CK, Hazarika I, Das A, Gopinath SCB, Rajan M, Sekar M, Subramaniyan V, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Batumalaie K, Wu YS. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Chemoresistance: Regulatory Roles, Molecular Interactions, and Potential Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3249766. [PMID: 35586209 PMCID: PMC9110224 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3249766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Its treatments usually fail when the tumor has become malignant and metastasized. Metastasis is a key source of cancer recurrence, which often leads to resistance towards chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, most cancer-related deaths are linked to the occurrence of chemoresistance. Although chemoresistance can emerge through a multitude of mechanisms, chemoresistance and metastasis share a similar pathway, which is an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a class of zinc and calcium-chelated enzymes, are found to be key players in driving cancer migration and metastasis through EMT induction. The aim of this review is to discuss the regulatory roles and associated molecular mechanisms of specific MMPs in regulating chemoresistance, particularly EMT initiation and resistance to apoptosis. A brief presentation on their potential diagnostic and prognostic values was also deciphered. It also aimed to describe existing MMP inhibitors and the potential of utilizing other strategies to inhibit MMPs to reduce chemoresistance, such as upstream inhibition of MMP expressions and MMP-responsive nanomaterials to deliver drugs as well as epigenetic regulations. Hence, manipulation of MMP expression can be a powerful tool to aid in treating patients with chemo-resistant cancers. However, much still needs to be done to bring the solution from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Xin Jie Tune
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Maw Shin Sim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Rhanye Mac Guad
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, 88400 Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Choy Ker Woon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Iswar Hazarika
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati 781017, India
| | - Anju Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Royal School of Pharmacy, Royal Global University, Guwahati 781035, India
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | | | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, Kedah 08100, Malaysia
| | - Kalaivani Batumalaie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Asia Metropolitan University, 81750 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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Ma YS, Liu JB, Wu TM, Fu D. New Therapeutic Options for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Control 2021; 27:1073274820945975. [PMID: 32799550 PMCID: PMC7791453 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820945975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common lethal diseases in the world, has a 5-year survival rate of only 7%. Hepatocellular carcinoma has no symptoms in the early stage but obvious symptoms in the late stage, leading to delayed diagnosis and reduced treatment efficacy. In recent years, as the scope of HCC research has increased in depth, the clinical development and application of molecular targeted drugs and immunotherapy drugs have brought new breakthroughs in HCC treatment. Targeted therapy drugs for HCC have high specificity, allowing them to selectively kill tumor cells and minimize damage to normal tissues. At present, these targeted drugs are mainly classified into 3 categories: small molecule targeted drugs, HCC antigen-specific targeted drugs, and immune checkpoint targeted drugs. This article reviews the latest research progress on the targeted drugs for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shui Ma
- Cancer Institute, 377323Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China.,Department of Radiology, 12485The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, 12476Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, 377323Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Ting-Miao Wu
- Department of Radiology, 12485The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Da Fu
- Cancer Institute, 377323Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China.,Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, 12476Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Gibson RJ, van Sebille YZA, Wardill HR, Wignall A, Shirren J, Ball IA, Williams N, Wanner K, Bowen JM. Selective MMP Inhibition, Using AZD3342, to Reduce Gastrointestinal Toxicity and Enhance Chemoefficacy in a Rat Model. Chemotherapy 2019; 63:284-292. [PMID: 30731451 PMCID: PMC6425820 DOI: 10.1159/000495470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common cytotoxic mechanisms that underpin chemoefficacy and toxicity have hampered efforts to deliver effective supportive care interventions, particularly for gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in both tumor growth and GI toxicity, and as such MMP inhibitors present as a novel therapeutic avenue to simultaneously enhance treatment efficacy and reduce toxicity. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of an MMP-9/12 inhibitor, AZD3342, on tumor growth and GI toxicity in a rat model. METHODS Female tumor-bearing Dark Agouti rats (n = 90) were divided into 4 groups: vehicle control; methotrexate (MTX); AZD3342, and MTX + AZD3342. Tumors were measured daily (for 5 days) using digital calipers. GI toxicity was assessed using well-established clinical markers (diarrhea/weight loss), histopathological analysis, and functional assessment of intestinal barrier permeability. RESULTS AZD3342 delayed the onset of severe diarrhea by 1 day (vs. MTX) but was unable to improve the overall severity of diarrhea. No changes were detected in tissue morphology or intestinal barrier function. AZD3342 alone suppressed tumor growth (p = 0.003 vs. vehicle) but did not enhance the efficacy of MTX. CONCLUSIONS This study showed partial efficacy of AZD3342 in reducing tumor growth and delaying the onset of severe diarrhea caused by MTX in rats. We suggest further studies be undertaken targeting appropriate scheduling of AZD3342 as well as investigating different cytotoxic therapies that strongly activate MMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Gibson
- Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ysabella Z A van Sebille
- Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hannah R Wardill
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,
- Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,
| | - Anthony Wignall
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joseph Shirren
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Imogen A Ball
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole Williams
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kiara Wanner
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne M Bowen
- Discipline of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Alaseem A, Alhazzani K, Dondapati P, Alobid S, Bishayee A, Rathinavelu A. Matrix Metalloproteinases: A challenging paradigm of cancer management. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 56:100-115. [PMID: 29155240 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are members of zinc-dependent endopeptidases implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Over the decades, MMPs have been studied for their role in cancer progression, migration, and metastasis. As a result, accumulated evidence of MMPs incriminating role has made them an attractive therapeutic target. Early generations of broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors exhibited potent inhibitory activities, which subsequently led to clinical trials. Unexpectedly, these trials failed to meet the desired goals, mainly due to the lack of efficacy, poor oral bioavailability, and toxicity. In this review, we discuss the regulatory role of MMPs in cancer progression, current strategies in targeting MMPs for cancer treatment including prodrug design and tumor imaging, and therapeutic value of MMPs as biomarkers in breast, lung, and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alaseem
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhazzani
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priya Dondapati
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Saad Alobid
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Appu Rathinavelu
- Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA; College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
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7
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Yang JS, Lin CW, Su SC, Yang SF. Pharmacodynamic considerations in the use of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in cancer treatment. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 12:191-200. [PMID: 26852787 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2016.1131820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are classified in the family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, which can degrade various components of an extracellular matrix and a basement membrane. Studies have demonstrated that MMPs relate to the development of malignant tumors and induce angiogenesis, resulting in the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. MMPs are highly expressed in malignant tumors and are related to cancer patients' malignant phenotype and poor prognosis. Therefore, blocking the expression or activity of MMPs may be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. AREAS COVERED This study aimed to explain the MMP structure, regulatory mechanism, and carcinogenic effect; investigate the matrix metalloproteinase-inhibitors (MMPIs) that are currently used in clinical trials for cancer treatment; and summarize the trial results. EXPERT OPINION Currently, the results of clinical trials that have used MMPIs as anticancer agents are unsatisfactory. However, MMPs remain an attractive target for cancer treatment. For example, development of the specific peptide or antibodies in targeting the hemopexin domain of MMP-2 may be a new therapeutic direction. The design and development of MMPIs that have selectivity will be the primary focus in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Sin Yang
- a Department of Medical Research , Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan.,b Institute of Medicine , Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- c Institute of Oral Sciences , Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan.,d Department of Dentistry , Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- e Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Keelung , Taiwan.,f Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center , Chang Gung Memorial Hospitals , Linkou , Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- a Department of Medical Research , Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan.,b Institute of Medicine , Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
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8
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Zhuang X, Herbert JMJ, Lodhia P, Bradford J, Turner AM, Newby PM, Thickett D, Naidu U, Blakey D, Barry S, Cross DAE, Bicknell R. Identification of novel vascular targets in lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:485-94. [PMID: 25535734 PMCID: PMC4453649 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death, largely owing to the lack of effective treatments. A tumour vascular targeting strategy presents an attractive alternative; however, the molecular signature of the vasculature in lung cancer is poorly explored. This work aimed to identify novel tumour vascular targets in lung cancer. METHODS Enzymatic digestion of fresh tissue followed by endothelial capture with Ulex lectin-coated magnetic beads was used to isolate the endothelium from fresh tumour specimens of lung cancer patients. Endothelial isolates from the healthy and tumour lung tissue were subjected to whole human genome expression profiling using microarray technology. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis identified tumour endothelial expression of angiogenic factors, matrix metalloproteases and cell-surface transmembrane proteins. Predicted novel tumour vascular targets were verified by RNA-seq, quantitative real-time PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry. Further detailed expression profiling of STEAP1 on 82 lung cancer patients confirmed STEAP1 as a novel target in the tumour vasculature. Functional analysis of STEAP1 using siRNA silencing implicates a role in endothelial cell migration and tube formation. CONCLUSIONS The identification of cell-surface tumour endothelial markers in lung is of interest in therapeutic antibody and vaccine development.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genetic Association Studies/methods
- Humans
- Lung/blood supply
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/blood supply
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Male
- Microarray Analysis
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhuang
- School of Immunity and Infection,
Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences,
University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham
B15 2TT, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of
Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham,
Edgbaston, Birmingham
B15 2TT, UK
| | - J M J Herbert
- School of Immunity and Infection,
Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences,
University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham
B15 2TT, UK
- Technology Hub Sequencing and
Bioinformatics, College of Medical and Dental Sciences,
Birmingham
B15, UK
| | - P Lodhia
- School of Immunity and Infection,
Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences,
University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham
B15 2TT, UK
| | - J Bradford
- AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire
SK10 4TG, UK
| | - A M Turner
- School of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, University of Birmingham, QEHB Research Laboratories,
Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham
B15 2WB, UK
- Birmingham Heartlands Hospital,
Bordesley Green, Birmingham
B9 5SS, UK
| | - P M Newby
- School of Immunity and Infection,
Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences,
University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham
B15 2TT, UK
| | - D Thickett
- School of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, University of Birmingham, QEHB Research Laboratories,
Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham
B15 2WB, UK
| | - U Naidu
- School of Clinical and Experimental
Medicine, University of Birmingham, QEHB Research Laboratories,
Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham
B15 2WB, UK
- Birmingham Heartlands Hospital,
Bordesley Green, Birmingham
B9 5SS, UK
| | - D Blakey
- AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire
SK10 4TG, UK
| | - S Barry
- AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire
SK10 4TG, UK
| | - D A E Cross
- AstraZeneca, Mereside,
Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire
SK10 4TG, UK
| | - R Bicknell
- School of Immunity and Infection,
Institute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences,
University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham
B15 2TT, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of
Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham,
Edgbaston, Birmingham
B15 2TT, UK
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer continues to be a challenging disease to treat because of its aggressive nature, advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, and limited treatment options that are available. Traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy provides modest benefit to patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Recently, a FOLFIRINOX regimen revealed improved response in overall and progression-free survival over single-agent gemcitabine in metastatic pancreatic cancer, but there is still much needed advancement in the systemic treatment of pancreatic cancer. There is a growing interest in the development of novel agents, while our understanding of molecular pathogenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma continues to expand. With identification of various molecular pathways in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis, potential targets for drug development have been pursued with the use of monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors. Although preclinical studies with multiple targeted therapies demonstrated encouraging results in pancreatic cancer, only erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, showed a marginal survival benefit in a phase III clinical trial, when combined with gemcitabine. As further signaling pathways and their importance in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis are better understood, further clinical trials will need to be designed to study these targeted agents as single agents, in combination with other novel agents or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy. In this review, we present the current knowledge on targeted therapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its application in clinical practice.
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Chien MH, Lin CW, Cheng CW, Wen YC, Yang SF. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 as a target for head and neck cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 17:203-16. [PMID: 23252422 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.740012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 is a zinc-dependent proteinase that is capable of cleaving all extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates. Degradation of the matrix is a key event in the progression, invasion, and metastasis of potentially malignant and malignant lesions of the head and neck. Therefore, blocking MMP-2 expression or activity may present a promising strategy for anticancer treatment. AREAS COVERED Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern MMP-2 regulation and its tumorigenic effects, and that are involved in the initiation and progression of head and neck cancers, in particular the emerging role of MMP-2 in cell migration, which is a prerequisite for tumor metastasis. MMP-2 gene polymorphisms, cellular substrates, and interacting proteins are summarized. The current state of drugs that target this enzyme, either alone or in combination with other targeted agents are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION MMP-2 has long been a drug target. The current status of MMP-2 inhibitors as anticancer agents and their failure in the clinic is discussed in light of new data on the MMP-2s role as a cell surface transducer - data that may lead to the design and development of novel, MMP-2-targeting inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Chien
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Richards FM, Tape CJ, Jodrell DI, Murphy G. Anti-tumour effects of a specific anti-ADAM17 antibody in an ovarian cancer model in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40597. [PMID: 22792380 PMCID: PMC3394719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM 17 (TNF-α converting enzyme, TACE) is a potential target for cancer therapy, but the small molecule inhibitors reported to date are not specific to this ADAM family member. This membrane-bound metalloproteinase is responsible for ectodomain shedding of pathologically significant substrates including TNF-α and EGFR ligands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and anti-tumour efficacy of the first specific inhibitor, an anti-human ADAM17 IgG antibody, clone D1(A12). We used intraperitoneal xenografts of the human ovarian cancer cell line IGROV1-Luc in Balb/c nude mice, chosen because it was previously reported that growth of these xenografts is inhibited by knock-down of TNF-α. In vitro, 200 nM D1(A12) inhibited shedding of ADAM17 substrates TNF-α, TNFR1-α, TGF-α, amphiregulin (AREG), HB-EGF and IL-6Rα, from IGROV1-Luc cells, (4.7 nM IC(50) for TNF-α shedding). In IGROV1-Luc xenografts in vivo, D1(A12) IgG showed pharmacokinetic properties suitable for efficacy studies, with a single i.p. dose of 10 mg/kg D1(A12) sufficient to maintain IgG plasma and ascites fluid concentrations above 100 nM for more than 7 days. The plasma half life was 8.6 days. Next, an efficacy study was performed, dosing D1(A12) or anti-human TNF-α antibody infliximab at 10 mg/kg q7d, quantifying IGROV1-Luc tumour burden by bioluminescence. D1(A12) IgG showed a significant reduction in tumour growth (p = 0.005), 56% of vehicle control. Surprisingly, D1(A12) did not reduce the concentration of circulating human TNF-α, suggesting that another enzyme may compensate for inhibition of ADAM17 in vivo (but not in vitro). However, D1(A12) did show clear pharmacodynamic effects in the mice, with significant inhibition of shedding from tumour of ADAM17 substrates TNFR1-α, AREG, and TGF-α (4-15-fold reductions, p<0.0001 for all three). Thus, D1(A12) has anti-ADAM17 activity in vivo, inhibits shedding of EGFR ligands and has potential for use in EGF ligand-dependent tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Richards
- Pharmacology & Drug Development Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, and Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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12
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Pancreatic cancer: from molecular signature to target therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2008; 68:197-211. [PMID: 18436450 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2008.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a leading cause of cancer death in western countries. The treatment of advanced disease with gemcitabine has only a modest activity on survival with a favourable impact on quality of life. However, recent data support the evidence that the combination of gemcitabine with erlotinib, capecitabine or platinum compounds could be more active than gemcitabine alone in advanced pancreatic cancer. New therapeutic strategies, particularly using molecular target agents, are under evaluation. A number of molecular mechanisms responsible of transformation and progression of pancreatic cancer have been identified, opening the possibility to identify also possible pharmacological targets. A promising approach is the pharmacological inhibition of tumor angiogenesis with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents, such as bevacizumab, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (celecoxib), thalidomide and others. Also epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in progression of pancreatic cancer. Erlotinib, an oral available anti-EGFR compound, was the first agent capable to significantly improve overall survival in a phase III trial, leading to its approval by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in combination with gemcitabine as first-line therapy. Ongoing studies are exploring the role of targeted therapy in the adjuvant setting. However, despite these promising results, several questions remain to be resolved, including the rational selection of the patients who are more likely to obtain benefit of target therapy, the choice of the optimal therapeutic schedule of therapy, the clinical setting of choice, and the management of the toxicity.
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13
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Albo D, Farrow B, Berger DH. Translation of Recent Advances and Discoveries in Molecular Biology and Immunology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2008; 17:357-76, ix. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Riess H. Antiangiogenic strategies in pancreatic cancer. RECENT RESULTS IN CANCER RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER KREBSFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DANS LES RECHERCHES SUR LE CANCER 2007; 177:123-9. [PMID: 18084954 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-71279-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of gemcitabine in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, progress in the use of combination chemotherapies has been very limited. Of the different novel options, antiangiogenic treatment strategies are among those being intensively studied in preclinical and clinical settings of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Phase I and limited-size phase II studies using drugs with antiangiogenic properties have reported encouraging results. Overall, the results of phase III studies with some metalloprotease inhibitors and bevacizumab have so far failed to demonstrate a survival benefit for these drugs. Further investigations that will take into account the heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer are warranted using these or other antiangiogenic active substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Riess
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hämatologie und Onkologie, Germany
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Lee GY, Park K, Kim SY, Byun Y. MMPs-specific PEGylated peptide-DOX conjugate micelles that can contain free doxorubicin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 67:646-54. [PMID: 17499491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop anti-cancer drug conjugates with increased anti-tumor effect and reduced toxicity. In this regard, we utilized the physiological characteristics of tumors such as angiogenesis, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, and designed MMPs-specific PEGylated peptide-DOX conjugate micelles containing doxorubicin. These conjugates were prepared by using two peptides, GPLGV and GPLGVRG (P5D and P7D, respectively), and doxorubicin was loaded into micelles formed by each conjugate. P5D and P7D were specifically cleaved by active MMP-2 and all conjugates showed significantly better cell viability than doxorubicin at equivalent concentrations. In vivo, animals treated with PEGylated peptide-DOX conjugate micelles showed approximately 50% of the tumor growth of the control, and doxorubicin-loaded conjugates micelles inhibited tumor growth up to about 72% compared with the control, which matched the effect of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin-loaded PEGylated peptide-DOX conjugate micelles exhibited longer half-lives and maintained higher concentrations of doxorubicin in plasma than PEGylated peptide-DOX conjugate micelles alone. Doxorubicin-loaded PEGylated peptide-DOX conjugate micelles might offer a cancer therapy with an activity that is similar to that of the parent drug but with reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gee Young Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Lorusso D, Ferrandina G, Fanfani F, Gagliardi ML, Scambia G. Investigational agents against platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16:325-36. [PMID: 17302527 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.16.3.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is still the fourth cause of death by cancer among women and is the most fatal among gynaecological tumours. The goal of treatment for patients with recurrent, platinum-resistant (platinum-free interval < 6 months) ovarian cancer is the palliation of symptoms because no evidence indicates that present therapies may prolong survival in this setting of patients. Successful management of these patients depends on the identification of agents that are not cross-resistant with platinum compounds. The development of molecular biology is providing us with new information on the molecular basis of cancer, its mechanism of initiation and progression, and supply the need of a more patient-tailored therapy where specific tumours are treated with specific drugs. This paper reports and discusses new developments in the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients. The authors present proteomic advances, including the HER kinases, the 26S proteasome and the angiogenesis pathway. The opportunities to change the treatment of ovarian cancer will require creative clinical trial design but the next 10 years promise to be filled with therapeutic advances for patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Lorusso
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Largo A Gemelli, 8 00168 Rome, Italy
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17
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Quesada AR, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Medina MA. Anti-angiogenic drugs: from bench to clinical trials. Med Res Rev 2006; 26:483-530. [PMID: 16652370 DOI: 10.1002/med.20059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the generation of new capillaries through a process of pre-existing microvessel sprouting, is under stringent control and normally occurs only during embryonic and post-embryonic development, reproductive cycle, and wound repair. However, in many pathological conditions (solid tumor progression, metastasis, diabetic retinopathy, hemangioma, arthritis, psoriasis and atherosclerosis among others), the disease appears to be associated with persistent upregulated angiogenesis. The development of specific anti-angiogenic agents arises as an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer and other angiogenesis-dependent diseases. The formation of new blood vessels is a complex multi-step process. Endothelial cells resting in the parent vessels are activated by an angiogenic signal and stimulated to synthesize and release degradative enzymes allowing endothelial cells to migrate, proliferate and finally differentiate to give rise to capillary tubules. Any of these steps may be a potential target for pharmacological intervention. In spite of the disappointing results obtained initially in clinical trials with anti-angiogenic drugs, recent reports with positive results in phases II and III trials encourage expectations in their therapeutic potential. This review discusses the current approaches for the discovery of new compounds that inhibit angiogenesis, with emphasis on the clinical developmental status of anti-angiogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Quesada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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18
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Fear G, Komarnytsky S, Raskin I. Protease inhibitors and their peptidomimetic derivatives as potential drugs. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 113:354-68. [PMID: 17098288 PMCID: PMC7112583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Precise spatial and temporal regulation of proteolytic activity is essential to human physiology. Modulation of protease activity with synthetic peptidomimetic inhibitors has proven to be clinically useful for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hypertension and shows potential for medicinal application in cancer, obesity, cardiovascular, inflammatory, neurodegenerative diseases, and various infectious and parasitic diseases. Exploration of natural inhibitors and synthesis of peptidomimetic molecules has provided many promising compounds performing successfully in animal studies. Several protease inhibitors are undergoing further evaluation in human clinical trials. New research strategies are now focusing on the need for improved comprehension of protease-regulated cascades, along with precise selection of targets and improved inhibitor specificity. It remains to be seen which second generation agents will evolve into approved drugs or complementary therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgie Fear
- Biotech Center, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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19
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Abstract
The search for an MMP inhibitor with anticancer efficacy is a nearly three-decade endeavor. This inhibitor is yet to be found. The reasons for this failure include shortcomings in the chemistry of these compounds (including broad MMP sub-type selectivity, metabolic lability, and toxicity) as well as the emerging, and arguably extraordinary, complexity of MMP cell (and cancer) biology. Together these suggest that the successful anticancer inhibitor must possess MMP selectivity against the MMP subtype whose involvement is critical, yet highly temporally (with respect to metastatic progression) and mechanistically (with respect to matrix degradation) regulated. This review summarizes the progression of chemical structure and mechanistic thinking toward these objectives, with emphasis on the disappointment, the perseverance, and the resilient optimism that such an inhibitor is there to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA
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20
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Lee GY, Song JH, Kim SY, Park K, Byun Y. Peptide-doxorubicin conjugates specifically degraded by matrix metalloproteinases expressed from tumor. Drug Dev Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Longoria RL, Cox MC, Figg WD. Antiangiogenesis: A Possible Treatment Option for Prostate Cancer? Clin Genitourin Cancer 2005; 4:197-202. [PMID: 16425989 DOI: 10.3816/cgc.2005.n.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
With a need for effective treatment modalities in prostate cancer, angiogenesis is a likely target for the interference of tumor progression. Angiogenesis promotes the vasculature of a tumor, allowing for tumor progression and for cancer cells to metastasize and spread throughout the circulatory system. To date, there are > 20 antiangiogenic drugs undergoing preclinical and clinical investigation alone and in conjunction with other treatment options to determine the validity of antiangiogenic agents in the treatment of prostate cancer. This article reviews several aspects of antiangiogenesis and its relationship to the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritchie L Longoria
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Core, Medical Oncology Clinical Research Unit, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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22
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Kukacka J, Průsa R, Kotaska K, Pelouch V. Matrix metalloproteinases and their function in myocardium. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2005; 149:225-36. [PMID: 16601761 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2005.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant number of myocardial diseases are accompanied by increased synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as by changed maturation and incorporation of ECM components. Important groups of enzymes responsible for both normal and pathological processes in ECM remodeling are matrix metaloproteinases (MMPs). These enzymes share a relatively conserved structure with a number of identifiable modules linked to their specific functions. The most important function of MMPs is the ability to cleave various ECM components; including such rigid molecules as fibrillar collagen molecules. The amount and activity of MMPs in cardiac tissue are regulated by a range of activating and inhibiting processes. Although MMPs play multifarious roles in many myocardial diseases, here we have focused on their function in ischemic cardiac tissue, dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophied cardiac tissue. The inhibition of MMPs by means of synthetic inhibitors seems to be a promising strategy in cardiac disease treatment. Their effects on diseased cardiac tissue have been successfully tested in several experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirí Kukacka
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry Faculty Hospital Motol and 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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23
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Molina JR, Reid JM, Erlichman C, Sloan JA, Furth A, Safgren SL, Lathia CD, Alberts SR. A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the selective, non-peptidic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase BAY 12-9566 in combination with etoposide and carboplatin. Anticancer Drugs 2005; 16:997-1002. [PMID: 16162976 DOI: 10.1097/01.cad.0000176504.86551.5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that degrade the extracellular matrix during the processes of invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. BAY 12-9566 (BAY) is a selective, non-peptidic biphenyl inhibitor of MMPs, with nanomolar inhibitory activity against MMP-2, -3 and -9, and anti-invasive, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activity in a variety of tumor models. This phase I study of oral BAY was conducted to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of BAY when administered in combination with etoposide (VP-16) or in combination with VP-16 and carboplatin (CBDCA) in subjects with advanced cancer. The first cohort of patients (n=8) received a cycle of VP-16, 60 mg/m, followed 1 week later by a fixed daily oral dose of BAY, 800 mg b.i.d., to which three potential possible doses of VP-16 (low dose: 60 mg/m; mid dose: 90 mg/m; high dose: 120 mg/m) were added every 3 weeks as tolerated. The second cohort (n=5) received VP-16 (120 mg/m) and CBDCA (AUC=5) followed 1 week later by a fixed daily oral dose of BAY (800 mg) b.i.d., to which VP-16 (120 mg/m) and CBDCA (AUC=5) were added. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as toxicity grade 3 or above. Maximum tolerated dose was declared if two or more patients experienced DLT. A performance status of 0-2 and acceptable organ function were required for eligibility. Plasma concentrations of BAY and VP-16 were measured to investigate pharmacokinetic interactions. Eight eligible patients with a variety of tumor types (median age 64 years, range 44-76) were enrolled in the first cohort, six of who whom completed all three levels of VP-16. Progressive disease occurred in five of the eight patients; three patients continued on study with treatment. Drug level and pharmacokinetics analysis of BAY and VP-16 were also determined. The combination of BAY and VP-16 was tolerable in the first cohort, permitting enrollment of the second cohort. In the second cohort (n=5), the combination of BAY, VP-16 and CDBCA was intolerable at the doses used due to excessive hematologic toxicity in the first five patients enrolled. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity analysis was performed for this group of patients. Only Level 1 of treatment was completed for Cohort II. At this point the study was halted due to toxicity and the results of an interim analysis that failed to demonstrate sufficient clinical activity of this compound in other clinical trials. We conclude that the combination of BAY and VP-16 was well tolerated. However, the combination of BAY, VP-16 and CDBCA produces significant hematologic toxicity. Findings from this study may help to direct further studies with other inhibitors of MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian R Molina
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Abstract
The lung is affected by a variety of disease processes that can lead to considerable morbidity and mortality. As the lung is the only organ for respiration and gas exchange, the structural and functional integrity of the lung is of primary importance. Various pathological processes affect the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the lung in an adverse manner, causing destruction of tissue integrity followed by tissue remodeling, which together impair normal pulmonary function. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are neutral proteinases that are involved in the breakdown and remodeling of the ECM under a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. MMP-2 and MMP-9, collectively known as the gelatinases, are particularly important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic diseases in many organs including the lung. This review examines the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in disease of the lung and discusses the role these gelatinases may play in disease progression.
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25
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Liu J, Lu H, Huang R, Lin D, Wu X, Lin Q, Wu X, Zheng J, Pan X, Peng J, Song Y, Zhang M, Hou M, Chen F. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ ligands induced cell growth inhibition and its influence on matrix metalloproteinase activity in human myeloid leukemia cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2005; 56:400-8. [PMID: 15838654 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-005-1029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2004] [Accepted: 02/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is one of the best characterized nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) in the superfamily of ligand-activated transcriptional factors. PPAR-gamma ligands have recently been demonstrated to affect proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of different cell types. The present study was undertaken to investigate PPAR-gamma ligands induced cell growth inhibition and its influence on matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9 and MMP-2 activities on leukemia K562 and HL-60 cells in vitro. The results revealed that PPAR-gamma expression was detectable in the two kinds of leukemia cells; Both 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2(15d-PGJ2) and troglitazone (TGZ) have significant growth inhibition effects on these two kinds of leukemia cells. These two PPAR-gamma ligands could inhibit the leukemic cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and the invasion through matrigel matrix. The expressions of MMP-9 and MMP-2 as well as their gelatinolytic activities in both HL-60 and K562 cells were inhibited by 15d-PGJ2 and TGZ significantly. We therefore conclude that PPAR-gamma ligands 15d-PGJ2 and TGZ have significant growth inhibition effects on myeloid leukemia cells in vitro, and that PPAR-gamma ligands can inhibit K562 and HL-60 cell adhesion to and invasion through ECM as well as downregulate MMP-9 and MMP-2 expressions. The data suggest that PPAR-gamma ligands may serve as potential anti-leukemia reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Liu
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510630, P.R. China,
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26
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Abstract
The gold standard chemotherapy for previously untreated patients with ovarian cancer is currently a combination of taxane and platinum. However, most patients still suffer relapse, and less than 20% of the patients with stage III or IV disease survive long term. With more advanced technology, newer cytotoxic agents have been identified and are currently being tested in patients with ovarian cancer. Recent advances in the understanding of ovarian cancer biology have also led to the identification of multiple molecular targets that may soon change the standard treatment of ovarian cancer. Several of these targeted agents have entered clinical trials. Small molecular-weight inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, antisense therapy, and gene therapy are all being evaluated alone and in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Several of these cytotoxic and targeted therapies are reviewed here. Ultimately, the success of ovarian cancer therapy lies not just in the availability of new agents but in the ability to identify patients with biomarkers that may predict their response to these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ti See
- Department of Gynecologic Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030-4009, USA
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Jones LE, Humphreys MJ, Campbell F, Neoptolemos JP, Boyd MT. Comprehensive analysis of matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor expression in pancreatic cancer: increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 predicts poor survival. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:2832-45. [PMID: 15102692 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-1157-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To enable the design of improved inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, the expression profiles of a range of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) were determined. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Nine MMPs (MMPs 1-3, 7-9, 11, 12, and 14) and three TIMPs (TIMPs 1-3) were examined in up to 75 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and 10 normal pancreata by immunohistochemistry. Eighteen additional pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and an additional eight normal pancreata were also analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and additionally for MMP-15. RESULTS There was increased expression by immunohistochemistry for MMPs 7, 8, 9, and 11 and TIMP-3 in pancreatic cancer compared with normal pancreas (P < 0.0001, 0.04, 0.0009, 0.005, and 0.0001, respectively). Real-time reverse transcription-PCR showed a significant increase in mRNA levels for MMP-11 in tumor tissue compared with normal pancreatic tissue (P = 0.0005) and also significantly reduced levels of MMP-15 (P = 0.0026). Univariate analysis revealed that survival was reduced by lymph node involvement (P = 0.0007) and increased expression of MMP-7 (P = 0.005) and (for the first time) MMP-11 (P = 0.02) but not reduced by tumor grade, tumor diameter, positive resection margins, adjuvant treatment, or expression of the remaining MMPs and TIMPs. On multivariate analysis, only MMP-7 predicted shortened survival (P < 0.05); however, increased MMP-11 expression was strongly associated with lymph node involvement (P = 0.0073). CONCLUSIONS We propose that the principle specificity for effective inhibitors of MMPs in pancreatic cancer should be for MMP-7 with secondary specificity against MMP-11. Moreover, these studies indicate that MMP-7 expression is a powerful independent prognostic indicator and potentially of considerable clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie E Jones
- Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Parulekar WR, Eisenhauer EA. Phase I Trial Design for Solid Tumor Studies of Targeted, Non-Cytotoxic Agents: Theory and Practice. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004; 96:990-7. [PMID: 15240782 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djh182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New targeted, non-cytotoxic anticancer agents, such as small-molecule kinase inhibitors, pose challenges to the current phase I paradigm of dose selection based on toxicity. Moreover, increasing the drug dose to toxicity may be unnecessary for drug effect, making the use of maximum tolerated dose as a surrogate of effective dose inappropriate in the phase I setting. Because little is known about the optimal methods of recommended phase II dose selection of targeted, non-cytotoxic therapies, we reviewed the strategies that were used in completed phase I studies of these drugs. METHODS We retrieved 60 publications of phase I studies involving 31 single agents representative of the most common targets of interest in the oncology literature. For each publication, we abstracted data regarding patient population, starting dose, methods of dose escalation and determination of recommended phase II dose, and inclusion of correlative studies in study conduct. RESULTS Of the 60 completed phase I studies, 36 used toxicity and eight used pharmacokinetic data as endpoints for selection of the recommended phase II dose. Nontraditional endpoints, such as measures of molecular drug effects in tumor or surrogate tissue or functional imaging studies, were not routinely incorporated into the study design and rarely formed the primary basis for dose selection. CONCLUSIONS To date, phase I studies of targeted anticancer agents have generally used traditional endpoints for selection of the recommended phase II dose. More research is needed to define suitable molecular measures of drug effect and the means to incorporate them in the early drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy R Parulekar
- National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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29
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See HT, Kavanagh JJ, Hu W, Bast RC. Targeted therapy for epithelial ovarian cancer: Current status and future prospects. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2003; 13:701-34. [PMID: 14675307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2003.13601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in surgery and chemotherapy, less than 20% of patients with stage III or IV ovarian cancer survive long-term. In the past, cytotoxic regimens have been developed empirically, combining active agents at maximally tolerated doses, often without a clear rationale for their interaction. Advances in understanding the biology of ovarian cancer have identified multiple molecular targets that differ in normal and malignant cells. Targets include cell cycle regulators, growth factor receptors, signal transduction pathways, molecules that confer drug resistance, and angiogenic mechanisms. A number of targeted agents have entered clinical trials. Small molecular weight inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and antisense and gene therapy are all being evaluated alone and in combination with cytotoxic drugs. In contrast to earlier studies, the impact of each agent on the designated target can be assessed and agents can be matched to the genotype and phenotype of malignant and normal cells. In the long run, this should facilitate individualization of more effective, less toxic therapy for women with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T See
- Department of Gynecological Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030-4009, USA
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Moore MJ, Hamm J, Dancey J, Eisenberg PD, Dagenais M, Fields A, Hagan K, Greenberg B, Colwell B, Zee B, Tu D, Ottaway J, Humphrey R, Seymour L. Comparison of gemcitabine versus the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor BAY 12-9566 in patients with advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: a phase III trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21:3296-302. [PMID: 12947065 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2003.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the selective matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor BAY 12-9566 with the nucleoside analog gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. METHODS Patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma who had not previously received chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive BAY 12-9566 800 mg orally bid continuously or gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 administered intravenously on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, and 43 for the first 8 weeks, and then days 1, 8, and 15 of each subsequent 28-day cycle. The primary end point was overall survival; secondary end points were progression-free survival, tumor response, quality of life, and clinical benefit. The planned sample size of the study was 350 patients. Two formal interim analyses were planned. RESULTS The study was closed to accrual after the second interim analysis on the basis of the recommendation of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Data Safety Monitoring Committee. There were 277 patients enrolled onto the study, 138 in the BAY 12-9566 arm and 139 in the gemcitabine arm. The rates of serious toxicity were low in both arms. The median survival for the BAY 12-9566 arm and the gemcitabine arm was 3.74 months and 6.59 months, respectively (P <.001; stratified log-rank test). The median progression-free survival for the BAY 12-9566 and gemcitabine arms was 1.68 and 3.5 months, respectively (P <.001). Quality-of-life analysis also favored gemcitabine. CONCLUSION Gemcitabine is significantly superior to BAY 12-9566 in advanced pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Moore
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Herget J, Novotna J, Bibova J, Povysilova V, Vankova M, Hampl V. Metalloproteinase inhibition by Batimastat attenuates pulmonary hypertension in chronically hypoxic rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2003; 285:L199-208. [PMID: 12665462 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00167.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia induces lung vascular remodeling, which results in pulmonary hypertension. We hypothesized that a previously found increase in collagenolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases during hypoxia promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling and hypertension. To test this hypothesis, we exposed rats to hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen = 0.1, 3 wk) and treated them with a metalloproteinase inhibitor, Batimastat (30 mg/kg body wt, daily ip injection). Hypoxia-induced increases in concentration of collagen breakdown products and in collagenolytic activity in pulmonary vessels were inhibited by Batimastat, attesting to the effectiveness of Batimastat administration. Batimastat markedly reduced hypoxic pulmonary hypertension: pulmonary arterial blood pressure was 32 +/- 3 mmHg in hypoxic controls, 24 +/- 1 mmHg in Batimastat-treated hypoxic rats, and 16 +/- 1 mmHg in normoxic controls. Right ventricular hypertrophy and muscularization of peripheral lung vessels were also diminished. Batimastat had no influence on systemic arterial pressure or cardiac output and was without any effect in rats kept in normoxia. We conclude that stimulation of collagenolytic activity in chronic hypoxia is a substantial causative factor in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodeling and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Herget
- Department of Physiology, Charles Univ. Second Medical School, Plzenská 130/221, 15000 Praha 5, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
It is accepted that novel therapeutic approaches are needed for the majority of patients with malignant brain tumors. The vascularity of many primary brain tumors and the encouraging preclinical studies suggest that antiangiogenic agents have the potential to become an important component of multimodality treatment of patients with brain tumors. The understanding of the biology of angiogenesis is improving rapidly, offering the hope for more specific vascular targeting of brain tumor neovasculature. Neuroimaging techniques evaluating the angiogenic process and the impact of antiangiogenic agents will be an important tool for the rapid development of these novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Fisher
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, ARC 907B, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399, USA
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