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Hornigold N, Mooney A. Extracellular matrix-induced Hic-5 expression in glomerular mesangial cells leads to a prosclerotic phenotype independent of TGF-β. FASEB J 2015; 29:4956-67. [PMID: 26405299 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-269894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic fibroproliferative diseases account for approximately 45% of all deaths in the developed world. In the kidney, glomerulosclerosis is the underlying pathology in approximately half of patients with renal failure receiving dialysis. Mesangial cell expression of the LIM protein hydrogen peroxide-induced clone-5 (Hic-5) is important in its pathogenesis. Hic-5 expression increases following mesangial cell attachment to collagen I, associated with increased collagen I expression and increased susceptibility to apoptosis both in vitro and in experimental glomerulosclerosis. TGF-β has an established role in many fibrotic diseases, including glomerulosclerosis, where it increases collagen I deposition in vivo and promotes mesangial cell apoptosis in vitro. In other cell types, TGF-β induces Hic-5 expression. We investigated whether Hic-5-induced changes in mesangial cell phenotype were TGF-β-dependent. Adding exogenous TGF-β to mesangial cell cultures failed to increase Hic-5 expression; blocking TGF-β signaling did not reduce Hic-5 expression. However, inducing Hic-5 expression in mesangial cells by adhesion to collagen I led to TGF-β expression, which was abolished by small interfering RNA (siRNA) Hic-5 knockdown. Mesangial cells expressing Hic-5 showed altered latent TGF-β-binding protein expression and Smad signaling, with enhanced susceptibility to TGF-β-induced apoptosis. Mesangial cell attachment to collagen I led to increased Hic-5 expression within 2-4 h and increased procollagen I transcription within 12 h, whereas adding TGF-β to siRNA Hic-5 knockdown mesangial cells increased procollagen I transcription to a lesser degree after 48 h. Mesangial cell Hic-5 expression was associated with increased α-smooth muscle actin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression. Taken together, these data indicate that there is a prosclerotic feedback loop in mesangial cells dependent on matrix-derived signals in which Hic-5 is a pivotal signaling protein. This feedback loop is TGF-β-independent. The role of TGF-β-dependent and -independent sclerotic pathways merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Hornigold
- *Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre and Renal Unit, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Mooney
- *Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre and Renal Unit, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Balance between apoptosis or survival induced by changes in extracellular-matrix composition in human mesangial cells: a key role for ILK-NFκB pathway. Apoptosis 2012; 17:1261-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Angiotensin-II and rosuvastatin influence matrix remodeling in human mesangial cells via metalloproteinase modulation. J Hypertens 2011; 29:1930-9. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834abceb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shimizu A, Higo S, Fujita E, Mii A, Kaneko T. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis after renal transplantation. Clin Transplant 2011; 25 Suppl 23:6-14. [PMID: 21623907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2011.01452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a clinicopathologic syndrome of proteinuria, usually of nephrotic range, associated with focal and segmental sclerotic glomerular lesions. Therefore, FSGS is diagnosed by clinical features and histopathological examination of renal biopsy. The natural history of the condition varies, and although it may respond to treatment, FSGS is an important disease in the etiology of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Furthermore, after kidney transplantation, approximately 30% of patients with FSGS develop recurrent FSGS. The risk factors for recurrence of FSGS include childhood onset and age <15 yr, rapid progression of the primary FSGS to ESRD, recurrence of FSGS in a previous allograft, diffuse mesangial hypercellularity in the native kidney, collapsing FSGS, and podocin gene mutation. In addition, after kidney transplantation, de novo FSGS also develops in approximately 10-20% of allografts, associated with a complication of hyperfiltration injury, chronic transplant glomerulopathy, and calcineurin inhibitor toxicity. FSGS is considered a podocyte disease, and the pathology is characterized by segmental FSGS lesion with glomerular epithelial hypercellularity. The pathological diagnosis of FSGS is based on the 2004 Columbia classification system. In the present minireview, we discuss the pathology of recurrence and de novo FSGS after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shimizu
- Department of Pathology (Analytic Human Pathology), Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
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Prunotto M, Gabbiani G, Pomposiello S, Ghiggeri G, Moll S. The kidney as a target organ in pharmaceutical research. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:244-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chang HW, Wu VC, Wu KD, Huang HY, Hsieh BS, Chen YM. In rat renal fibroblasts, mycophenolic acid inhibits proliferation and production of the chemokine CCL2, stimulated by tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:1611-20. [PMID: 20649565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00837.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Renal fibroblasts play a pivotal role in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, a condition highly predictive of progression towards end-stage renal disease. The present study investigated the anti-mitogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, mycophenolic acid (MPA) and the mechanisms underlying its action in normal rat kidney fibroblasts (49F cells). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Proliferation of 49F cells was studied by tetrazole 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and flow cytometry. The cyclins, tumour suppressor genes and phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were semiquantified by immunoblotting. Apoptosis was measured by quantifying the fragmented DNA and the activity of caspase 3. The monocyte chemokine CCL2 was measured by ELISA. The mRNA expression of CCL2 was measured by real-time PCR. KEY RESULTS Mycophenolic acid dose-dependently inhibited steady-state proliferation of 49F cells by up-regulation of p21, p27 and p53, in association with a decrease in cyclins D2 and E. Treatment with MPA also triggered apoptosis of 49F cells by activating the caspase 3 cascade. Furthermore, MPA attenuated tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced CCL2 expression through down-regulation of p38 MAPK, but not that of ERK1/2 or JNK. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The anti-mitogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of MPA were mediated by up-regulation of cell cycle inhibitors and pro-apoptotic signals, and by suppression of p38 MAPK pathway respectively. This dual effect of MPA may form the rationale for animal or clinical trials for the treatment of fibrotic renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Chang
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhang C, Yi F, Xia M, Boini KM, Zhu Q, Laperle LA, Abais JM, Brimson CA, Li PL. NMDA receptor-mediated activation of NADPH oxidase and glomerulosclerosis in hyperhomocysteinemic rats. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:975-86. [PMID: 20406136 PMCID: PMC2959176 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of NMDA receptor in hyperhomocyteinemia (hHcys)-induced NADPH oxidase (Nox) activation and glomerulosclerosis. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a folate-free (FF) diet to produce hHcys, and a NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, was administrated. Rats fed the FF diet exhibited significantly increased plasma homocysteine levels, upregulated NMDA receptor expression, enhanced Nox activity and Nox-dependent O(2)(.-) production in the glomeruli, which were accompanied by remarkable glomerulosclerosis. MK-801 treatment significantly inhibited Nox-dependent O(2)(.-) production induced by hHcys and reduced glomerular damage index as compared with vehicle-treated hHcys rats. Correspondingly, glomerular deposition of extracellular matrix components in hHcys rats was ameliorated by the administration of MK-801. Additionally, hHcys induced an increase in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) expression and a decrease in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-9 activities, all of which were abolished by MK-801 treatment. In vitro studies showed that homocysteine increased Nox-dependent O(2)(.-) generation in rat mesangial cells, which was blocked by MK-801. Pretreatment with MK-801 also reversed homocysteine-induced decrease in MMP-1 activity and increase in TIMP-1 expression. These results support the view that the NMDA receptor may mediate Nox activation in the kidney during hHcys and thereby play a critical role in the development of hHcys-induced glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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Hayashi K, Sasamura H, Ishiguro K, Sakamaki Y, Azegami T, Itoh H. Regression of glomerulosclerosis in response to transient treatment with angiotensin II blockers is attenuated by blockade of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Kidney Int 2010; 78:69-78. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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van der Meer IM, Cravedi P, Remuzzi G. The role of renin angiotensin system inhibition in kidney repair. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2010; 3:7. [PMID: 20441574 PMCID: PMC2888753 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-3-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases share common pathogenic mechanisms that, independently from the initial injury, lead to glomerular hyperfiltration, proteinuria, and progressive renal scarring and function loss. Inhibition of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) has been consistently found to reduce or halt the progressive deterioration of renal function through reduction of blood pressure and proteinuria, the two main determinants of renal function decline. In few instances, RAS inhibition may even promote amelioration of the glomerular filtration rate. Animal data suggest that chronic therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor type I blockers promotes regression of glomerulosclerosis, even in later phases of the disease. In humans, studies investigating the effect of angiotensin II inhibition on renal structural changes have shown inconsistent results, possibly due to small numbers and/or short duration of follow-up. Whether regression of glomerulosclerosis relies on a direct regenerative effect of RAS inhibition or on spontaneous kidney self-repair after the injury has been removed is still unknown. Improved understanding of mechanisms that promote renal regeneration may help in designing specific therapies to prevent the development of end-stage renal disease. This is a desirable goal, considering the economic burden of chronic kidney diseases and their effect on morbidity and mortality.
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Moeller MJ. Glomerular scarring: can we delay or even reverse glomerulosclerosis by RAAS inhibition? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:2101-3. [PMID: 20388634 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfq182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Moeller
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Pinheiro SVB, Ferreira AJ, Kitten GT, da Silveira KD, da Silva DA, Santos SHS, Gava E, Castro CH, Magalhães JA, da Mota RK, Botelho-Santos GA, Bader M, Alenina N, Santos RAS, Simoes E Silva AC. Genetic deletion of the angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas leads to glomerular hyperfiltration and microalbuminuria. Kidney Int 2009; 75:1184-1193. [PMID: 19262461 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7), an active fragment of both angiotensins I and II, generally opposes the vascular and proliferative actions of angiotensin II. Here we evaluated effects of the angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas on renal physiology and morphology using Mas-knockout mice. Compared to the wild-type animals, Mas knockout mice had significant reductions in urine volume and fractional sodium excretion without any significant change in free-water clearance. A significantly higher inulin clearance and microalbuminuria concomitant with a reduced renal blood flow suggest that glomerular hyperfiltration occurs in the knockout mice. Histological analysis found reduced glomerular tuft diameter and increased expression of collagen IV and fibronectin in the both the mesangium and interstitium, along with increased collagen III in the interstitium. These fibrogenic changes and the renal dysfunction of the knockout mice were associated with an upregulation of angiotensin II AT1 receptor and transforming growth factor-beta mRNA. Our study suggests that Mas acts as a critical regulator of renal fibrogenesis by controlling effects transduced through angiotensin II AT1 receptors in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio V B Pinheiro
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Medicine Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anderson J Ferreira
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gregory T Kitten
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kátia D da Silveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Deivid A da Silva
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Medicine Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sérgio H S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elisandra Gava
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Castro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Júnio A Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renata K da Mota
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Giancarla A Botelho-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simoes E Silva
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Medicine Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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The role of mesangial homeostasis in glomerular injury progression: hope for mesangial sclerosis reversal. Kidney Int 2009; 75:574-6. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chung ACK, Huang XR, Zhou L, Heuchel R, Lai KN, Lan HY. Disruption of the Smad7 gene promotes renal fibrosis and inflammation in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 24:1443-54. [PMID: 19096081 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study tested the hypothesis that disruption of Smad7 function may accelerate renal fibrosis and inflammation. METHODS This was investigated in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model induced in wild-type (WT) and Smad7DeltaE1 mice in which functional Smad7 is disrupted by deleting exon I in the Smad7 gene. Renal fibrosis and inflammation after UUO were examined by histology, real-time PCR, western blot analyses and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Seven days after UUO, severe tubulointerstitial fibrosis developed in WT mice as evidenced by a marked increase in alpha-SMA, collagen I and III extracellular matrix. This was associated with a significant upregulation of renal TGF-beta1 and CTGF and activation of Smad2/3. Interestingly, compared to WT UUO mice, Smad7DeltaE1 mice with UUO exhibited a further increase in TGF-beta/Smad2/3-dependent renal fibrosis. Moreover, compared to WT UUO mice, deletion of the Smad7 gene also sustained NF-kappaB activation and thus enhanced further renal inflammation such as macrophage infiltration and upregulation of TNF-alpha, MCP-1, OPN and ICAM-1. CONCLUSION Smad7 is a critical negative regulator of TGF-beta/Smad2/3 and NF-kappaB signalling and plays a negative regulating role in both renal fibrosis and inflammation after UUO. Results from this study further support the notion that Smad7 may be a therapeutic agent for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur C K Chung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
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Lai FMM, To KF, Lung Choi PC. “Journey to the West”: Fact and Fiction. On the Chronicity-based Grading of IgA Nephropathy Model and Thick GCBM as Marker for a Syndrome. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1561-5413(08)60021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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