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George S, Jean-Baptiste W, Yusuf Ali A, Inyang B, Koshy FS, George K, Poudel P, Chalasani R, Goonathilake MR, Waqar S, Mohammed L. The Role of Type 2 Diabetes in Pancreatic Cancer. Cureus 2022; 14:e26288. [PMID: 35898377 PMCID: PMC9308974 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its potential complications, such as cancers, are increasing worldwide at an astounding rate. There are many factors such as obesity, diabetes, alcohol consumption, and the adoption of sedentary lifestyles that are driving pancreatic cancer (PC) to become one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the United States. PC is notorious for its generic symptoms and late-stage presentation with rapid metastasis. The connection between T2DM and the risk of PC development is multifaceted and complex. Some of the proposed theories reveal that chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and abnormalities in the insulin and insulin-like growth factor axis (IGF) contribute to the disease association between these two conditions. This literature review aims to highlight relevant studies and explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the etiology of diabetes and its impact on PC development, as well as the role of anti-diabetic agents on PC. Despite extensive studies, the exact interaction between T2DM and PC remains obscure and will need further investigation. According to current knowledge, there is a substantial link between diabetes, obesity, and dietary patterns in the development and progression of PC. Consequently, focusing our efforts on preventive measures by reducing modifiable risk factors remains the most effective strategy to reduce the risk of PC at this time. Antidiabetic drugs can have various effects on the occurrence and prognosis of PC with metformin offering a clear benefit of inhibiting PC and insulin increasing the risk of PC. The development of future novel therapies will require a deeper knowledge of the triggering mechanisms and interplay between these two disease states.
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2
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Duan X, Wang W, Pan Q, Guo L. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Intersects With Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis and Development. Front Oncol 2021; 11:730038. [PMID: 34485159 PMCID: PMC8415500 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.730038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pancreatic cancer (PC) is complex. Diabetes is a known risk factor for PC, and new-onset diabetes (NOD) could be an early manifestation of PC that may be facilitate the early diagnosis of PC. Metformin offers a clear benefit of inhibiting PC, whereas insulin therapy may increase the risk of PC development. No evidence has shown that novel hypoglycemic drugs help or prevent PC. In this review, the effects of T2DM on PC development are summarized, and novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of T2DM and PC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Sbeit W, Mari A, Pellicano R, Khoury T. Fatty pancreas and pancreatic cancer: a new player on the field? Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2021; 67:65-66. [PMID: 32883052 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.20.02758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wisam Sbeit
- Department of Gastroenterology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Amir Mari
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel -
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, EMMS The Nazareth Hospital, Nazareth, Israel
| | | | - Tawfik Khoury
- Department of Gastroenterology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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4
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Moriya C, Imai K, Taniguchi H. PRDM14 is overexpressed in chronic pancreatitis prior to pancreatic cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1733-1741. [PMID: 30338223 PMCID: PMC6168686 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive and lethal cancer that is typically diagnosed at a later stage with metastases and is difficult to treat. Therefore, investigating the mechanism of PDAC initiation is important to aid early‐stage cancer detection. PRDM14 is a transcription factor that maintains pluripotency in embryonic stem cells and is overexpressed in several cancers. We previously reported that PRDM14 is overexpressed and regulates cancer stem‐like phenotypes in PDAC, and herein, we assess whether PRDM14 expression increases prior to tumorigenesis. Through immunohistochemistry analyses of clinical tissues, we detected PRDM14‐positive cells in precursor pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and chronic pancreatitis, which is a risk factor for PDAC, lesions. PRDM14 staining in chronic pancreatitis was as high as that in PDAC and cancer adjacent tissues. We induced pancreatitis in mouse models by cerulein injection, and observed that PRDM14 expression increased in chronic pancreatitis models but not in control or acute pancreatitis mice. Moreover, cerulein treatment increased PRDM14 expression in PK‐1 and AsPC‐1 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Our results suggest that inflammation increases the expression of PRDM14, which regulates cancer stem‐like phenotypes, and this occurs prior to PDAC initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Moriya
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy Research Hospital Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Japan
| | - Kohzoh Imai
- Research Hospital Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy Research Hospital Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Japan
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5
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Lee SH, Park SW. [Inflammation and Cancer Development in Pancreatic and Biliary Tract Cancer]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2016; 66:325-39. [PMID: 26691190 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2015.66.6.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been known to be a risk for many kinds of cancers, including pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. Recently, inflammatory process has emerged as a key mediator of cancer development and progression. Many efforts with experimental results have been given to identify the underlying mechanisms that contribute to inflammation-induced tumorigenesis. Diverse inflammatory pathways have been investigated and inhibitors for inflammation-related signaling pathways have been developed for cancer treatment. This review will summarize recent outcomes about this distinctive process in pancreatic and biliary tract cancer. Taking this evidence into consideration, modulation of inflammatory process will provide useful options for pancreatic and biliary tract cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Woo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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6
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Mohammed A, Janakiram NB, Madka V, Brewer M, Ritchie RL, Lightfoot S, Kumar G, Sadeghi M, Patlolla JMR, Yamada HY, Cruz-Monserrate Z, May R, Houchen CW, Steele VE, Rao CV. Targeting pancreatitis blocks tumor-initiating stem cells and pancreatic cancer progression. Oncotarget 2015; 6:15524-39. [PMID: 25906749 PMCID: PMC4558168 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent development of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMs) for pancreatic cancer (PC) that recapitulates human disease progression has helped to identify new strategies to delay/inhibit PC development. We first found that expression of the pancreatic tumor-initiating/cancer stem cells (CSC) marker DclK1 occurs in early stage PC and in both early and late pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and that it increases as disease progresses in GEM and also in human PC. Genome-wide next generation sequencing of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from GEM mice revealed significantly increased DclK1 along with inflammatory genes. Genetic ablation of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) decreased DclK1 in GEM. Induction of inflammation/pancreatitis with cerulein in GEM mice increased DclK1, and the novel dual COX/5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor licofelone reduced it. Dietary licofelone significantly inhibited the incidence of PDAC and carcinoma in situ with significant inhibition of pancreatic CSCs. Licofelone suppressed pancreatic tumor COX-2 and 5-LOX activities and modulated miRNAs characteristic of CSC and inflammation in correlation with PDAC inhibition. These results offer a preclinical proof of concept to target the inflammation initiation to inhibit cancer stem cells early for improving the treatment of pancreatic cancers, with immediate clinical implications for repositioning dual COX/5-LOX inhibitors in human trials for high risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Mohammed
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Naveena B. Janakiram
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Venkateshwar Madka
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Misty Brewer
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rebekah L. Ritchie
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stan Lightfoot
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael Sadeghi
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jagan Mohan R. Patlolla
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hiroshi Y. Yamada
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Randal May
- Digestive Diseases Section, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Courtney W. Houchen
- Digestive Diseases Section, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vernon E. Steele
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Chemoprevention Agent Development Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Department of Medicine, Hem-Onc Section, PC Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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The marine natural product microsclerodermin A is a novel inhibitor of the nuclear factor kappa B and induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2014; 33:86-94. [PMID: 25416019 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, the 4th leading cause of cancer death in the US, is highly resistant to all current chemotherapies, and its growth is facilitated by chronic inflammation. An important mediator of inflammation is the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), a transcription factor that regulates over 500 genes including the regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins, cell cycle progression and cytokine production. NFκB is constitutively activated in pancreatic cancer cells contributing to their resistance to apoptosis and high metastatic potential. Although many small molecules that inhibit NFκB have been identified, none are currently used in the clinic, perhaps due to their lack of specificity. To identify novel inhibitors of NFκB, the HBOI library of enriched fractions from marine organisms was screened using a reporter cell line that produces luciferin under the transcriptional control of NFκB. Fractions from the sponge Amphibleptula were active in this screen and contained the antifungal cyclic peptide microsclerodermin A. Microsclerodermin A is shown here to inhibit NFκB transcriptional activity in a reporter cell line, to reduce levels of phosphorylated (active) NFκB in the AsPC-1 cell line, to have an IC50 for cytotoxicity in the low micromolar range against the AsPC-1, BxPC-3, MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines, and to induce significant apoptosis in the AsPC-1, BxPC-3 and the PANC-1 cell lines. Treatment of AsPC-1 cells with microsclerodermin A also resulted in an increase in IL-8 production without apparent induction of angiogenic factors and there is the possibility that inhibition of NFκB by microsclerodermin A is mediated by the glycogen synthase kinase 3β pathway.
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Cheng RYS, Basudhar D, Ridnour LA, Heinecke JL, Kesarwala AH, Glynn S, Switzer CH, Ambs S, Miranda KM, Wink DA. Gene expression profiles of NO- and HNO-donor treated breast cancer cells: insights into tumor response and resistance pathways. Nitric Oxide 2014; 43:17-28. [PMID: 25153034 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) synthase 2 (NOS2), a major inflammatory protein, modulates disease progression via NO in a number of pathologies, including cancer. The role of NOS2-derived NO is not only flux-dependent, which is higher in mouse vs human cells, but also varies based on spatial and temporal distribution both within tumor cells and in the tumor microenvironment. NO donors have been utilized to mimic NO flux conditions and to investigate the effects of varied NO concentrations. As a wide range of effects mediated by NO and other nitrogen oxides such as nitroxyl (HNO) have been elucidated, multiple NO- and HNO-releasing compounds have been developed as potential therapeutics, including as tumor modulators. One of the challenges is to determine differences in biomarker expression from extracellular vs intracellular generation of NO or HNO. Taking advantage of new NO and HNO releasing agents, we have characterized the gene expression profile of estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells following exposure to aspirin, the NO donor DEA/NO, the HNO donor IPA/NO andtheir intracellularly-activated prodrug conjugates DEA/NO-aspirin and IPA/NO-aspirin. Comparison of the gene expression profiles demonstrated that several genes were uniquely expressed with respect to NO or HNO, such as miR-21, HSP70, cystathionine γ-lyase and IL24. These findings provide insight into targets and pathways that could be therapeutically exploited by the redox related species NO and HNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Y S Cheng
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Debashree Basudhar
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Lisa A Ridnour
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie L Heinecke
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aparna H Kesarwala
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Christopher H Switzer
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katrina M Miranda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - David A Wink
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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9
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Chronic pancreatitis: a path to pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 345:203-9. [PMID: 23981573 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis predisposes to pancreatic cancer development and both diseases share a common etiology. A central role has been proposed for the digestive enzyme-secreting acinar cell that can undergo ductal metaplasia in the inflammatory environment of pancreatitis. This metaplastic change is now a recognised precursor of pancreatic cancer. Inflammatory molecules also foster tumour growth through autocrine and paracrine effects in the epithelium and the stroma. These insights have raised new opportunities such as the manipulation of inflammation as a preventive and/or therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer. Finally, we address the need for an in-depth study of the pancreatic acinar cells.
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Li J, Liu ZM. Selective COX-2 inhibitors for treatment of pancreatic cancer: Research progress. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:1394-1399. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i15.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer and closely related to the occurrence, development, differentiation, metastasis and prognosis of this malignancy. Selective COX-2 inhibitors have anti-tumor effects both in vivo and in vitro. In this paper we review the recent progress in research on the molecular characteristics of COX-2, the relationship between COX-2 and pancreatic cancer, and the use of selective COX-2 inhibitors for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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