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Sferruzza G, Consoli S, Dono F, Evangelista G, Giugno A, Pronello E, Rollo E, Romozzi M, Rossi L, Pensato U. A systematic review of immunotherapy in high-grade glioma: learning from the past to shape future perspectives. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2561-2578. [PMID: 38308708 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGGs) constitute the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis despite the standard multimodal therapy. In recent years, immunotherapy has changed the prognosis of many cancers, increasing the hope for HGG therapy. We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases to include relevant studies. This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Fifty-two papers were finally included (44 phase II and eight phase III clinical trials) and further divided into four different subgroups: 14 peptide vaccine trials, 15 dendritic cell vaccination (DCV) trials, six immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) trials, and 17 miscellaneous group trials that included both "active" and "passive" immunotherapies. In the last decade, immunotherapy created great hope to increase the survival of patients affected by HGGs; however, it has yielded mostly dismal results in the setting of phase III clinical trials. An in-depth analysis of these clinical results provides clues about common patterns that have led to failures at the clinical level and helps shape the perspective for the next generation of immunotherapies in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Sferruzza
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Consoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fedele Dono
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giacomo Evangelista
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Giugno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Neurology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pronello
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rollo
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Romozzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Rossi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Umberto Pensato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
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2
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Nikoobakht M, Shamshiripour P, Mostafavi Zadeh SM, Rahnama M, Hajiahmadi F, Ramezani A, Farzam Rad V, Nazari E, Moradi AR, Akbarpour M, Ahmadvand D. Efficacy of cell-based immunotherapies on patients with glioma: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072484. [PMID: 38154889 PMCID: PMC10759140 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glial brain tumours are highly mortal and are noted as major neurosurgical challenges due to frequent recurrence or progression. Despite standard-of-care treatment for gliomas, the prognosis of patients with higher-grade glial tumours is still poor, and hence empowering antitumour immunity against glioma is a potential future oncological prospect. This review is designed to improve our understanding of the efficacy of cell-based immunotherapies for glioma. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This systematic review will be performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search of main electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, ISI Web of Science EMBASE and ProQuest will be done on original articles, followed by a manual review of review articles. Only records in English and only clinical trials will be encountered for full-text review. All the appropriate studies that encountered the inclusion criteria will be screened, selected and then will undergo data extraction step by two independent authors. For meta-analyses, data heterogeneity for each parameter will be first evaluated by Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. In case of possible heterogeneity, a random-effects meta-analysis will be performed and for homogenous data, fixed-effects models will be selected for reporting the results of the proportional meta-analysis. Bias risk will be assessed through Begg's and Egger's tests and will also be visualised by Funnel plots. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As this study will be a systematic review without human participants' involvement, no ethical registration is required and meta-analysis will be presented at a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022373297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nikoobakht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Firoozgar Clinical Resrarch Development Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Shamshiripour
- Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Mostafavi Zadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrana Rahnama
- Department of Biophysics, Iran University of Meidcal Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahime Hajiahmadi
- Cellular Molecular Pharmacology School, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aghdas Ramezani
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Farzam Rad
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, (IASBS), University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Nazari
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, (IASBS), University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali-Reza Moradi
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, (IASBS), University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Advanced Cellular Therapeutics Facility, David and Etta Jonas Center for Cellular Therapy, Hematopoietic Cellular Therapy Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Davoud Ahmadvand
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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3
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Pour ME, Moghadam SG, Shirkhani P, Sahebkar A, Mosaffa F. Therapeutic cell-based vaccines for glioblastoma multiforme. Med Oncol 2023; 40:354. [PMID: 37952224 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly aggressive tumor, poses significant challenges in achieving successful treatment outcomes. Conventional therapeutic modalities including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have demonstrated limited efficacy, primarily attributed to the complexities associated with drug delivery to the tumor site and tumor heterogeneity. To address this critical need for innovative therapies, the potential of cancer vaccines utilizing tumor cells and dendritic cells has been explored for GBM treatment. This article provides a comprehensive review of therapeutic vaccinations employing cell-based vaccine strategies for the management of GBM. A meticulous evaluation of 45 clinical trials involving more than 1500 participants revealed that cell-based vaccinations have exhibited favorable safety profiles with minimal toxicity. Moreover, these vaccines have demonstrated modest improvements in overall survival and progression-free survival among patients. However, certain limitations still persist. Notably, there is a need for advancements in the development of potent antigens to evoke immune responses, as well as the optimization of dosage regimens. Consequently, while cell-based vaccinations show promise as a potential therapeutic approach for GBM, further research is imperative to overcome the current limitations. The ultimate objective is to surmount these obstacles and establish cell-based vaccinations as a standard therapeutic modality for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrshad Ebrahim Pour
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samin Ghorbani Moghadam
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parian Shirkhani
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mosaffa
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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4
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Subtirelu RC, Teichner EM, Ashok A, Parikh C, Talasila S, Matache IM, Alnemri AG, Anderson V, Shahid O, Mannam S, Lee A, Werner T, Revheim ME, Alavi A. Advancements in dendritic cell vaccination: enhancing efficacy and optimizing combinatorial strategies for the treatment of glioblastoma. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1271822. [PMID: 38020665 PMCID: PMC10644823 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1271822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are highly invasive, malignant primary brain tumors. The overall prognosis is poor, and management of GBMs remains a formidable challenge, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies such as dendritic cell vaccinations (DCVs). While many early clinical trials demonstrate an induction of an antitumoral immune response, outcomes are mixed and dependent on numerous factors that vary between trials. Optimization of DCVs is essential; the selection of GBM-specific antigens and the utilization of 18F-fludeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) may add significant value and ultimately improve outcomes for patients undergoing treatment for glioblastoma. This review provides an overview of the mechanism of DCV, assesses previous clinical trials, and discusses future strategies for the integration of DCV into glioblastoma treatment protocols. To conclude, the review discusses challenges associated with the use of DCVs and highlights the potential of integrating DCV with standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Subtirelu
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric M. Teichner
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Arjun Ashok
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Chitra Parikh
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sahithi Talasila
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Irina-Mihaela Matache
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ahab G. Alnemri
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Victoria Anderson
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Osmaan Shahid
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sricharvi Mannam
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mona-Elisabeth Revheim
- Division of Technology and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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5
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Neth BJ, Webb MJ, Parney IF, Sener UT. The Current Status, Challenges, and Future Potential of Therapeutic Vaccination in Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041134. [PMID: 37111620 PMCID: PMC10141140 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor and confers a dismal prognosis. With only two FDA-approved therapeutics showing modest survival gains since 2005, there is a great need for the development of other disease-targeted therapies. Due, in part, to the profound immunosuppressive microenvironment seen in GBMs, there has been a broad interest in immunotherapy. In both GBMs and other cancers, therapeutic vaccines have generally yielded limited efficacy, despite their theoretical basis. However, recent results from the DCVax-L trial provide some promise for vaccine therapy in GBMs. There is also the potential that future combination therapies with vaccines and adjuvant immunomodulating agents may greatly enhance antitumor immune responses. Clinicians must remain open to novel therapeutic strategies, such as vaccinations, and carefully await the results of ongoing and future trials. In this review of GBM management, the promise and challenges of immunotherapy with a focus on therapeutic vaccinations are discussed. Additionally, adjuvant therapies, logistical considerations, and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Neth
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mason J Webb
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ian F Parney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ugur T Sener
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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6
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Long Y, Hu Z, Yang D, Wang F, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ma H, Lv H. Pharmacological inhibition of the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 effectively suppresses glioblastoma cell growth. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220562. [PMID: 36816802 PMCID: PMC9922063 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor. The purpose of this study is to estimate the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of a ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) small-molecule inhibitor on the phenotypic characteristics of GBM cells. The growth, migration, invasion, and stemness of GBM LN229 and T98G cells were evaluated by conducting cell proliferation, colony formation, wound healing, transwell, Ki-67 staining, spheroid formation, and ionizing radiation assays, and the results collectively showed the suppressive effects of USP8 inhibition on GBM cells. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiling of GBM cells treated with the USP8 inhibitor deubiquitinase (DUB)-IN-1 revealed significantly altered mRNA expression induced by pharmacological USP8 inhibition, from which we confirmed downregulated Aurora kinase A (AURKA) protein levels using immunoblotting assays. Our findings indicated that the proliferation, invasion, and stemness of LN229 and T98G cells were markedly suppressed by USP8 inhibition. Pharmacological USP8 suppression elicits multiple tumor-inhibitory effects, likely through dysregulating various mRNA expression events, including that of the key cell cycle regulator and oncogenic protein AURKA. Therefore, our observations corroborate the GBM-supportive roles of USP8 and suggest pharmacological USP8 inhibition is a viable therapeutic approach to target GBM. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of action of the USP8 inhibitor DUB-IN-1 on GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Long
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Zengchun Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Dian Yang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Chen’ge Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yingqiu Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Huiyi Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116000, China,Dalian Kexiang Technology Development Co., LTD, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116000, China
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7
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Zhao Y, Chen Y, Wei L, Ran J, Wang K, Zhu S, Liu Q. p53 inhibits the Urea cycle and represses polyamine biosynthesis in glioma cell lines. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1143-1153. [PMID: 36745250 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system. The urea cycle (UC) is an essential pathway to convert excess nitrogen and ammonia into the less toxic urea in humans. However, less is known about the functional significance of the urea cycle in glioma. p53 functions as a tumor suppressor and modulates several cellular functions and disease processes. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether p53 influences glioma progression by regulating the urea cycle. Here, we demonstrated the inhibitory impact of p53 on the expression of urea cycle enzymes and urea genesis in glioma cells. The level of polyamine, a urea cycle metabolite, was also regulated by p53 in glioma cells. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-1 (CPS1) is the first key enzyme involved in the urea cycle. Functionally, we demonstrated that CPS1 knockdown suppressed glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which determines the generation of polyamine, was regulated by CPS1. In addition, the impacts of p53 knockdown on ODC expression, glioma cell growth and aggressive phenotypes were significantly reversed by CPS1 inhibition. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that p53 inhibits polyamine metabolism by suppressing the urea cycle, which inhibits glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University Basic Medical College, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yingxi Chen
- Department of basic Medicine, Chongqing College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760, PR China
| | - Ling Wei
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University Basic Medical College, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianhua Ran
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University Basic Medical College, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kejian Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University Basic Medical College, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shujuan Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University Basic Medical College, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University Basic Medical College, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Department of basic Medicine, Chongqing College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402760, PR China.
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8
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Mantica M, Drappatz J. Immunotherapy associated central nervous system complications in primary brain tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1124198. [PMID: 36874119 PMCID: PMC9981156 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1124198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances clarifying the genetics and function of the immune system within the central nervous system (CNS) and brain tumor microenvironment have led to increasing momentum and number of clinical trials using immunotherapy for primary brain tumors. While neurological complications of immunotherapy in extra-cranial malignancies is well described, the CNS toxicities of immunotherapy in patients with primary brain tumors with their own unique physiology and challenges are burgeoning. This review highlights the emerging and unique CNS complications associated with immunotherapy including checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, adoptive cell transfer/chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell and vaccines for primary brain tumors, as well as reviews modalities that have been currently employed or are undergoing investigation for treatment of such toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Mantica
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jan Drappatz
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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9
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Fu C, Ma T, Zhou L, Mi QS, Jiang A. Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccines Against Cancer: Challenges, Advances and Future Opportunities. Immunol Invest 2022; 51:2133-2158. [PMID: 35946383 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As the most potent professional antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) have the ability to activate both naive CD4 and CD8 T cells. Recognized for their exceptional ability to cross-present exogenous antigens to prime naive antigen-specific CD8 T cells, DCs play a critical role in generating CD8 T cell immunity, as well as mediating CD8 T cell tolerance to tumor antigens. Despite the ability to potentiate host CD8 T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity, current DC-based cancer vaccines have not yet achieved the promised success clinically with the exception of FDA-approved Provenge. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s) play a critical role in cross-priming tumor-specific CD8 T cells and determining the anti-tumor efficacy of cancer immunotherapies including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Together with promising clinical results in neoantigen-based cancer vaccines, there is a great need for DC-based vaccines to be further developed and refined either as monotherapies or in combination with other immunotherapies. In this review, we will present a brief review of DC development and function, discuss recent progress, and provide a perspective on future directions to realize the promising potential of DC-based cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Fu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tianle Ma
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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10
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Bryukhovetskiy I. Cell‑based immunotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 23:133. [PMID: 35251352 PMCID: PMC8895466 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal primary glial brain tumor. It has an unfavorable prognosis and relatively ineffective treatment protocols, with the median survival of patients being ~15 months. Tumor resistance to treatment is associated with its cancer stem cells (CSCs). At present, there is no medication or technologies that have the ability to completely eradicate CSCs, and immunotherapy (IT) is only able to prolong the patient's life. The present review aimed to investigate systemic solutions for issues associated with immunosuppression, such as ineffective IT and the creation of optimal conditions for CSCs to fulfill their lethal potential. The present review also investigated the main methods involved in local immunosuppression treatment, and highlighted the associated disadvantages. In addition, novel treatment options and targets for the elimination and regulation of CSCs with adaptive and active IT are discussed. Antagonists of TGF-β inhibitors, immune checkpoints and other targeted medication are also summarized. The role of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the mechanisms underlying systemic immune suppression development in cases of GBM is analyzed, and the potential reprogramming of HSCs during their interaction with cancer cells is discussed. Moreover, the present review emphasizes the importance of the aforementioned interactions in the development of immune tolerance and the inactivation of the immune system in neoplastic processes. The possibility of solving the problem of systemic immunosuppression during transplantation of donor HSCs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Medical Center, School of Medicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russia
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Li G, Yang T, Chen Y, Bao J, Wu D, Hu X, Feng C, Xu L, Li M, Li G, Jin M, Xu Y, Zhang R, Qian G, Pan J. USP5 Sustains the Proliferation of Glioblastoma Through Stabilization of CyclinD1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:720307. [PMID: 34483932 PMCID: PMC8415357 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most malignant primary tumors in humans. Despite standard therapeutic strategy with tumor resection combined with radiochemotherapy, the prognosis remains disappointed. Recently, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) has been reported as potential cancer therapy targets due to their multifunctions involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis, cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy. In this study, we found that knockdown of ubiquitin specific protease (USP5), a family member of DUB, could significantly suppress GBM cell line U251 and DBTRG-05MG proliferation and colony formation by inducing cell cycle G1/S arrest, which was correlated with downregulation of CyclinD1 protein level. CyclinD1 had been reported to play a critical role in the tumorigenesis and development of GBM via regulating cell cycle transition. Overexpression of USP5 could significantly extend the half-life of CyclinD1, while knockdown of USP5 decreased the protein level of CyclinD1, which could be restored by proteasome inhibitor MG-132. Indeed, USP5 was found to directly interact with CyclinD1, and decrease its K48-linked polyubiquitination level. Furthermore, knockdown of USP5 in U251 cells remarkably inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that USP5 plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and progression of GBM by stabilizing CyclinD1 protein. Targeting USP5 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianquan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianping Bao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Hu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Feng
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lixiao Xu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meifang Jin
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Clinical Pediatrics School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Qian
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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12
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Yao Y, Fu C, Zhou L, Mi QS, Jiang A. DC-Derived Exosomes for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153667. [PMID: 34359569 PMCID: PMC8345209 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As the initiators of adaptive immune responses, DCs play a central role in regulating the balance between CD8 T cell immunity versus tolerance to tumor antigens. Exploiting their function to potentiate host anti-tumor immunity, DC-based vaccines have been one of most promising and widely used cancer immunotherapies. However, DC-based cancer vaccines have not achieved the promised success in clinical trials, with one of the major obstacles being tumor-mediated immunosuppression. A recent discovery on the critical role of type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s) play in cross-priming tumor-specific CD8 T cells and determining the anti-tumor efficacy of cancer immunotherapies, however, has highlighted the need to further develop and refine DC-based vaccines either as monotherapies or in combination with other therapies. DC-derived exosomes (DCexos) have been heralded as a promising alternative to DC-based vaccines, as DCexos are more resistance to tumor-mediated suppression and DCexo vaccines have exhibited better anti-tumor efficacy in pre-clinical animal models. However, DCexo vaccines have only achieved limited clinical efficacy and failed to induce tumor-specific T cell responses in clinical trials. The lack of clinical efficacy might be partly due to the fact that all current clinical trials used peptide-loaded DCexos from monocyte-derived DCs. In this review, we will focus on the perspective of expanding current DCexo research to move DCexo cancer vaccines forward clinically to realize their potential in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yao
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (Y.Y.); (C.F.); (L.Z.)
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Chunmei Fu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (Y.Y.); (C.F.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhou
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (Y.Y.); (C.F.); (L.Z.)
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (Y.Y.); (C.F.); (L.Z.)
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Correspondence: (Q.-S.M.); (A.J.); Tel.: +313-876-1017 (Q.-S.M.); +313-876-7292 (A.J.)
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (Y.Y.); (C.F.); (L.Z.)
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Correspondence: (Q.-S.M.); (A.J.); Tel.: +313-876-1017 (Q.-S.M.); +313-876-7292 (A.J.)
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13
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Frederico SC, Hancock JC, Brettschneider EES, Ratnam NM, Gilbert MR, Terabe M. Making a Cold Tumor Hot: The Role of Vaccines in the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:672508. [PMID: 34041034 PMCID: PMC8141615 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.672508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of immunotherapies for the treatment of brain tumors is a topic that has garnered considerable excitement in recent years. Discoveries such as the presence of a glymphatic system and immune surveillance in the central nervous system (CNS) have shattered the theory of immune privilege and opened up the possibility of treating CNS malignancies with immunotherapies. However, despite many immunotherapy clinical trials aimed at treating glioblastoma (GBM), very few have demonstrated a significant survival benefit. Several factors for this have been identified, one of which is that GBMs are immunologically "cold," implying that the cancer does not induce a strong T cell response. It is postulated that this is why clinical trials using an immune checkpoint inhibitor alone have not demonstrated efficacy. While it is well established that anti-cancer T cell responses can be facilitated by the presentation of tumor-specific antigens to the immune system, treatment-related death of GBM cells and subsequent release of molecules have not been shown to be sufficient to evoke an anti-tumor immune response effective enough to have a significant impact. To overcome this limitation, vaccines can be used to introduce exogenous antigens at higher concentrations to the immune system to induce strong tumor antigen-specific T cell responses. In this review, we will describe vaccination strategies that are under investigation to treat GBM; categorizing them based on their target antigens, form of antigens, vehicles used, and pairing with specific adjuvants. We will review the concept of vaccine therapy in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, as it is hypothesized that this approach may be more effective in overcoming the immunosuppressive milieu of GBM. Clinical trial design and the need for incorporating robust immune monitoring into future studies will also be discussed here. We believe that the integration of evolving technologies of vaccine development, delivery, and immune monitoring will further enhance the role of these therapies and will likely remain an important area of investigation for future treatment strategies for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Frederico
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John C. Hancock
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Emily E. S. Brettschneider
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nivedita M. Ratnam
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mark R. Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Masaki Terabe
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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14
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Fu C, Zhou L, Mi QS, Jiang A. DC-Based Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040706. [PMID: 33255895 PMCID: PMC7712957 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the sentinels of the immune system, dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in initiating and regulating antigen-specific immune responses. Cross-priming, a process that DCs activate CD8 T cells by cross-presenting exogenous antigens onto their MHCI (Major Histocompatibility Complex class I), plays a critical role in mediating CD8 T cell immunity as well as tolerance. Current DC vaccines have remained largely unsuccessful despite their ability to potentiate both effector and memory CD8 T cell responses. There are two major hurdles for the success of DC-based vaccines: tumor-mediated immunosuppression and the functional limitation of the commonly used monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). Due to their resistance to tumor-mediated suppression as inert vesicles, DC-derived exosomes (DCexos) have garnered much interest as cell-free therapeutic agents. However, current DCexo clinical trials have shown limited clinical benefits and failed to generate antigen-specific T cell responses. Another exciting development is the use of naturally circulating DCs instead of in vitro cultured DCs, as clinical trials with both human blood cDC2s (type 2 conventional DCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) have shown promising results. pDC vaccines were particularly encouraging, especially in light of promising data from a recent clinical trial using a human pDC cell line, despite pDCs being considered tolerogenic and playing a suppressive role in tumors. However, how pDCs generate anti-tumor CD8 T cell immunity remains poorly understood, thus hindering their clinical advance. Using a pDC-targeted vaccine model, we have recently reported that while pDC-targeted vaccines led to strong cross-priming and durable CD8 T cell immunity, cross-presenting pDCs required cDCs to achieve cross-priming in vivo by transferring antigens to cDCs. Antigen transfer from pDCs to bystander cDCs was mediated by pDC-derived exosomes (pDCexos), which similarly required cDCs for cross-priming of antigen-specific CD8 T cells. pDCexos thus represent a new addition in our arsenal of DC-based cancer vaccines that would potentially combine the advantage of pDCs and DCexos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Fu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.-S.M.)
| | - Li Zhou
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.-S.M.)
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.-S.M.)
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.F.); (L.Z.); (Q.-S.M.)
- Immunology Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-400-2536
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15
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Ni H, Ji D, Huang Z, Li J. SMAGP knockdown inhibits the malignant phenotypes of glioblastoma cells by inactivating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 695:108628. [PMID: 33049294 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Small trans-membrane and glycosylated protein (SMAGP), a novel small trans-membrane glycoprotein, is reported to be upregulated in multiple cancers and involved in tumor development. However, little is known about its role in the development of glioblastoma (GBM). GEPIA database was used to analyze SMAGP expression and evaluate the prognostic value of SMAGP in GBM. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were used to predict the biological functions and pathways of SMAGP and 948 SMAGP-correlated genes using DAVID database. Cell viability, colony formation ability, apoptosis, and invasion were evaluated by MTT, colony formation assay, flow cytometry analysis, and Transwell invasion assay, respectively. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of SMAGP, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 and analyze the changes of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling. Results showed that SMAGP was upregulated and correlated with poor prognosis in GBM. Functional annotation analysis revealed that SMAGP and 948 SMAGP-correlated genes were primarily associated with cell adhesion and PI3K/Akt pathway. SMAGP interference inhibited cell viability and colony formation ability and promoted apoptosis in GBM cells. Moreover, SMAGP interference inhibited GBM cell invasion and suppressed MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. Additionally, SMAGP silencing inhibited the PI3K/Akt pathway in GBM cells. Overexpression of Akt abolished the effects of SMAGP knockdown on the malignant phenotypes of GBM cells. In conclusion, SMAGP silencing inhibited the malignant phenotypes of GBM cells by inactivating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzao Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Daofei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China
| | - Zhixiong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanshi Hospital, Nanyang, 473065, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223002, China.
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16
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Preventing Lethal Prostate Cancer with Diet, Supplements, and Rx: Heart Healthy Continues to Be Prostate Healthy and "First Do No Harm" Part III. Curr Urol Rep 2020; 21:22. [PMID: 32367257 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-020-00972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the overall and latest observations of the effect of diet, lifestyle, supplements, preventive vaccinations, and some prescription heart healthy medications for prostate cancer prevention within a 3-part series of publications. RECENT FINDINGS The concept of maximizing heart health to prevent aggressive prostate cancer continues to be solidified with additional prospective observational and randomized controlled trial data. Heart healthy is prostate healthy, but heart unhealthy is prostate unhealthy. The primary goal for medical providers of reducing all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality correlates with maximizing prostate cancer prevention. The obesity epidemic in children and adults along with research from multiple, diverse disciplines has only strengthened the nexus between heart and prostate health. Greater dietary adherence toward a variety of healthy foods is associated with a graded reduction in the probability of CVD and aggressive cancer. Preventing prostate cancer via dietary supplements should encourage a "first do no harm" or less-is-more approach until future evidence can reverse the concerning trend that more supplementation has resulted in either no impact or an increased risk of prostate cancer. Supplements to reduce side effects of some cancer treatments appear to have more encouraging data. A discussion of quality control (QC) before utilizing any pill also requires attention. Medications or interventions that potentially improve heart health including statins, aspirin, and metformin (S.A.M.), specific beta-blocker medications, and even preventive vaccines are in general generic, low cost, "natural," and should continue to garner research interest. A watershed moment in medical education has arrived where the past perception of a diverse number of trees seemingly separated by vast distances, in reality, now appears to exist within the same forest.
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17
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Ni H, Wang K, Xie P, Zuo J, Liu W, Liu C. LncRNA SAMMSON Knockdown Inhibits the Malignancy of Glioblastoma Cells by Inactivation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:79-90. [PMID: 32236901 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated lncRNAs are proposed to be tightly associated with the progression of various tumors including glioblastoma (GBM). LncRNA Survival Associated Mitochondrial Melanoma-Specific Oncogenic Non-Coding RNA (SAMMSON) has been reported to be an oncogenic lncRNA in several tumors. Nevertheless, the specific role and molecular mechanism of SAMMSON in GBM progression remain unknown. Expression of SAMMSON in GBM tissues and cells was detected by qRT-PCR. CCK-8 and LDH release assays were applied to evaluate cellular viability. Invasion effect was assessed by Transwell invasion assay and western blot analysis of E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression. Apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry analysis and caspase-3 activity assay. The protein levels of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated (p)-PI3K, protein kinase B (Akt) and p-Akt were estimated by western blot. We found that SAMMSON was highly expressed in GBM tissues and cells. SAMMSON knockdown suppressed cell viability and increased LDH release in GBM cells. Moreover, SAMMSON silencing impeded the invasive ability of GBM cells by regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, SAMMSON downregulation increased the apoptotic rate and caspase-3 activity in GBM cells. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt pathway was inhibited following SAMMSON silencing in GBM cells. Rescue assays revealed that activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway by 740Y-P abolished SAMMSON knockdown-induced viability reduction, invasion suppression and apoptosis in GBM cells. Taken together, lncRNA SAMMSON knockdown inhibited the malignancy of GBM cells by inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzao Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Jiandong Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lianshui County People's Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6 Hongri Avenue, Lianshui County, Huai'an, 223401, China.
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18
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Abstract
: Given the challenges of life-long adherence to suppressive HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) and possibilities of comorbidities, such as HIV association neurocognitive disorder, HIV remission and eradication are desirable goals for people living with HIV. In some individuals, there is evidence that HIV persists and replicates in the CNS, impacting the success of HIV remission interventions. This article addresses the role of HIV CNS latency on HIV eradication, examines the effects of early ART, latency-modifying agents, antibody-based and T-cell enhancing therapies on the CNS as well as ART interruption in remission studies. We propose the integration of CNS monitoring into such studies in order to clarify the short-term and long-term neurological safety of experimental agents and treatment interruption, and to better characterize their effects on HIV CNS persistence.
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19
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Xu W, Zhang X, Hu X, Zhiyi C, Huang P. Translational Prospects of ultrasound-mediated tumor immunotherapy: Preclinical advances and safety considerations. Cancer Lett 2019; 460:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Anthony C, Mladkova-Suchy N, Adamson DC. The evolving role of antiangiogenic therapies in glioblastoma multiforme: current clinical significance and future potential. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:787-797. [PMID: 31356114 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1650019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, but its prognosis remains poor despite significant advances in our understanding of its molecular biology and investigation of numerous treatment modalities. Despite conventional treatment consisting of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and temozolomide marginally prolonging survival, most GBM patients die within 2 years of initial diagnosis. Bevacizumab (Bev) is the best-studied antiangiogenic agent for GBM and currently the only FDA-approved second-line treatment. Areas covered: Areas covered in this review include the molecular pathways of angiogenesis in glioblastoma, specifically the overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and robust formation of tumor neovasculature. In addition, this review covers pharmacological targeting of this process as a longstanding attractive clinical strategy, specifically by Bev. Expert opinion: This review attempts to discuss the history of early studies of antiangiogenic treatment for GBM that eventually failed in subsequent studies and the evolving modern role of Bev in the course of treatment for a variety of indications, including symptom control, reduced glucocorticoid use, and improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Anthony
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Nikol Mladkova-Suchy
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , UK
| | - David Cory Adamson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA.,Neurosurgery section, Atlanta VA Medical Center , Decatur , GA , USA
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21
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Eoli M, Corbetta C, Anghileri E, Di Ianni N, Milani M, Cuccarini V, Musio S, Paterra R, Frigerio S, Nava S, Lisini D, Pessina S, Maddaloni L, Lombardi R, Tardini M, Ferroli P, DiMeco F, Bruzzone MG, Antozzi C, Pollo B, Finocchiaro G, Pellegatta S. Expansion of effector and memory T cells is associated with increased survival in recurrent glioblastomas treated with dendritic cell immunotherapy. Neurooncol Adv 2019; 1:vdz022. [PMID: 32642658 PMCID: PMC7212883 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy as a single therapeutic modality for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) patients remains limited. In this study, we evaluated in patients with GBM recurrence the immune-mediated effects of DC loaded with autologous tumor lysate combined with temozolomide (TMZ) or tetanus toxoid (TT). Methods In the phase I-II clinical study DENDR2, 12 patients were treated with 5 DC vaccinations combined with dose-dense TMZ. Subsequently, in eight patients, here defined as Variant (V)-DENDR2, the vaccine site was preconditioned with TT 24 hours before DC vaccination and TMZ was avoided. As a survival endpoint for these studies, we considered overall survival 9 months (OS9) after second surgery. Patients were analyzed for the generation of effector, memory, and T helper immune response. Results Four of 12 DENDR2 patients reached OS9, but all failed to show an immunological response. Five of eight V-DENDR2 patients (62%) reached OS9, and one patient is still alive (OS >30 months). A robust CD8+ T-cell activation and memory T-cell formation were observed in V-DENDR2 OS>9. Only in these patients, the vaccine-specific CD4+ T-cell activation (CD38+/HLA-DR+) was paralleled by an increase in TT-induced CD4+/CD38low/CD127high memory T cells. Only V-DENDR2 patients showed the formation of a nodule at the DC injection site infiltrated by CCL3-expressing CD4+ T cells. Conclusions TT preconditioning of the vaccine site and lack of TMZ could contribute to the efficacy of DC immunotherapy by inducing an effector response, memory, and helper T-cell generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Eoli
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Corbetta
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Brain Tumor Immunotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Anghileri
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Natalia Di Ianni
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Brain Tumor Immunotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Micaela Milani
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Brain Tumor Immunotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cuccarini
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Neuro-Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Musio
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Brain Tumor Immunotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosina Paterra
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Frigerio
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Nava
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Lisini
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Pessina
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Brain Tumor Immunotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Maddaloni
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lombardi
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,3rd Neurology Unit and Skin Biopsy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Tardini
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferroli
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Neurosurgery 2, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco DiMeco
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Neurosurgery 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria Grazia Bruzzone
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Neuro-Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Antozzi
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Neuro-Immunology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Pollo
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Unit of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Pellegatta
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Immunotherapy, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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22
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Kristin Schmitz A, Sorg RV, Stoffels G, Grauer OM, Galldiks N, Steiger HJ, Kamp MA, Langen KJ, Sabel M, Rapp M. Diagnostic impact of additional O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (18F-FET) PET following immunotherapy with dendritic cell vaccination in glioblastoma patients. Br J Neurosurg 2019; 35:736-742. [DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2019.1639615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kristin Schmitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rüdiger V. Sorg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabriele Stoffels
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver M. Grauer
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Norbert Galldiks
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Jakob Steiger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel A. Kamp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Sabel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marion Rapp
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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23
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Cheng YP, Li S, Chuang WL, Li CH, Chen GJ, Chang CC, Or CHR, Lin PY, Chang CC. Blockade of STAT3 Signaling Contributes to Anticancer Effect of 5-Acetyloxy-6,7,8,4'-Tetra-Methoxyflavone, a Tangeretin Derivative, on Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133366. [PMID: 31323961 PMCID: PMC6651290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with poor prognosis, largely due to resistance to current radiotherapy and Temozolomide chemotherapy. The constitutive activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is evidenced as a pivotal driver of GBM pathogenesis and therapy resistance, and hence, is a promising GBM drug target. 5-acetyloxy-6,7,8,4'-tetramethoxyflavone (5-AcTMF) is an acetylated derivative of Tangeretin which is known to exert anticancer effects on breast, colon, lung, and multiple myeloma; however, its effect on GBM remains elusive. Herein, we reported that 5-AcTMF suppressed the viability and clonogenicity along with inducing apoptosis in multiple human GBM cell lines. Mechanistic analyses further revealed that 5-AcTMF lowered the levels of Tyrosine 705-phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3), a canonical marker of STAT3 activation, but also dampened p-STAT3 upregulation elicited by Interleukin-6. Notably, ectopic expression of dominant-active STAT3 impeded 5-AcTMF-induced suppression of viability and clonogenicity plus apoptosis induction in GBM cells, confirming the prerequisite of STAT3 blockage for the inhibitory action of 5-AcTMF on GBM cell survival and growth. Additionally, 5-AcTMF impaired the activation of STAT3 upstream kinase JAK2 but also downregulated antiapoptotic BCL-2 and BCL-xL in a STAT3-dependent manner. Moreover, the overexpression of either BCL-2 or BCL-xL abrogated 5-AcTMF-mediated viability reduction and apoptosis induction in GBM cells. Collectively, we, for the first time, revealed the anticancer effect of 5-AcTMF on GBM cells, which was executed via thwarting the JAK2-STAT3-BCL-2/BCL-xL signaling axis. Our findings further implicate the therapeutic potential of 5-AcTMF for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Po Cheng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Yuanlin Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Wan-Ling Chuang
- Transplant Medicine & Surgery Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chin Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung R Or
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Lin
- Transplant Medicine & Surgery Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Che Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Sciences, The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Research Center, Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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24
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Xu Y, Liao C, Liu R, Liu J, Chen Z, Zhao H, Li Z, Chen L, Wu C, Tan H, Liu W, Li W. IRGM promotes glioma M2 macrophage polarization through p62/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway mediated IL-8 production. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:125-135. [PMID: 30288851 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alternatively activated (M2) macrophage promotes glioma progression and immune escape as the most immunocyte in glioma microenvironment. Finding out the key protein regulating M2 macrophage polarization is necessary for improving treatment. Whether immunity related GTPase M (IRGM) is involved in glioma development and M2 macrophage polarization is unknown. IRGM and M2 macrophage marker CD206 expression were examined using immunohistochemistry among 35 glioma and 11 non-cancerous brain specimens. We found IRGM scores were positively correlated with CD206 scores in glioma specimens and monocyte proportion in blood samples. A172 glioma cells transfected with either IRGM knock-down lentivirus (Lenti-IRGM) or control lentivirus (Lenti-HK) were subcutaneously injected into nude mice. In vivo, xenografted glioma size of the Lenti-IRGM group was smaller and had weaker fluorescence signal than Lenti-HK control group. Immunofluorescence results showed that there was obviously decreased IRGM, CD206, and IL-8 expression in the mice glioma of Lenti-IRGM group than Lenti-HK control group. In vitro, flow cytometry results showed that M2 polarization from THP-1 cocultured with Lenti-IRGM glioma cells decreased in contrast to that with Lenti-HK glioma cells; there were less interleukin-8 (IL-8) and macrophage inflammation protein 3-α (MIP-3α), but more interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the supernatant of Lenti-IRGM glioma cells than matched control. Western blot and immunofluorescence displayed that IRGM strongly promoted sequestosome-1 (p62/SQSTM1), necrosis factor receptor-activating factor 6 (TRAF6) expression and NF-κB transportation to the nucleus. Realtime PCR results demonstrated IRGM also promoted NF-κB downstream cytokines IL-8 and MIP-3α mRNA expression. These data suggested that IRGM could promote glioma development and M2 macrophage polarization by regulating p62/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway-mediated IL-8 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Xu
- Brain Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuanpeng Liao
- Brain Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China.,Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Renli Liu
- Brain Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Brain Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China.,Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huafu Zhao
- Brain Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China.,Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zongyang Li
- Brain Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China.,Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Brain Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China.,Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Changpeng Wu
- Brain Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China.,Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Brain Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China.,Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Brain Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China.,Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Brain Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China.,Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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25
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Trotta T, Panaro MA, Prifti E, Porro C. Modulation of Biological Activities in Glioblastoma Mediated by Curcumin. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:1241-1253. [PMID: 31007066 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1604978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is an alkaloid with various pharmacologic properties; numerous investigations have suggested that in the Central Nervous System, Curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. Gliomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors in adults. The prognosis of glioblastoma is still dismal. In this review, we profile that Curcumin could suppress cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of cancer cells and genomic modulation. In particular, Curcumin could exert its therapeutic effect via modulating miRNA, affecting a variety of miRNAs involved in the response to cancer therapy. The combination of Curcumin with chemotherapeutic drugs or radiotherapy could prime the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. We also discuss the use of exosomes as Curcumin delivery vehicles. In this context, exosomes containing Curcumin may change the behavior of recipient cells by targeting a sequence of cellular and molecular pathways. Hence, the application of exosomes containing Curcumin may prove to be an emerging area of research in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Trotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Maria A Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Elona Prifti
- Department of Clinical Materies, University of Elbasan "Aleksander Xhuvani", Faculty of Medical and Technical Science , Albania
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
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26
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Zhou Y, Liang P, Ji W, Yu Z, Chen H, Jiang L. Ubiquitin-specific protease 4 promotes glioblastoma multiforme via activating ERK pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1825-1839. [PMID: 30881035 PMCID: PMC6407510 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s176582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common brain tumors in adults. Current treatments cannot increase survival to a large extent, as the glioblastoma development mechanisms remain unknown. It has been well documented that ubiquitination contributes to tumor initiation and/or progression in many kinds of cancer. Ubiquitin-specific protease 4 (USP4), a member of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) family, can remove ubiquitin residues and play a role in cancer development. Methods In the current study, lentiviruses were used to manipulate the expression of USP4. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the expression level of USP4. Then, CCK-8 and annexin-V staining were used to detect cell proliferation and cell apoptosis, respectively. Results First, we found that USP4 was highly upregulated in GBM tissues in comparison with that in normal tissues and high level of USP4 correlated with poor prognosis. Moreover, knockdown of USP4 could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and increase cell apoptosis in U87 and T98G cells. Cells with stable USP4 reduction exhibited slower tumor growth rate and smaller tumor size than the control group cells in a xenograft mouse model. Inhibition of USP4 downregulated the expression of PCNA, Bcl-2 and p-ERK1/2, but upregulated the expression of Bax both in vitro and in vivo. Inversely, USP4 overexpression could attenuate the effects contributed by ERK inhibitor. TGF-βR inhibition reduced level of TGF-βR1, p-smad2 and p-ERK1/2 which can partially be rescued by USP4 overexpression. Conclusion USP4, as a potential novel oncogene, promotes GBM by activation of ERK pathway through regulating TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wenyuan Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zengpeng Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China,
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China,
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China, .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China, .,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China, .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing 400014, People's Republic of China,
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27
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Khansur E, Shah AH, Lacy K, Komotar RJ. Novel Immunotherapeutics for Treatment of Glioblastoma: The Last Decade of Research. Cancer Invest 2019; 37:1-7. [PMID: 30632816 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2018.1479414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite surgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiation, survival for glioblastoma remains poor. Because of the dismal prognosis, attention has shifted to alternative adjuvant treatment modalities. Although traditionally limited to systemic malignancies (melanoma, lung and colon cancer), the field of immunotherapy has recently identified glioblastoma as a potential target for new treatments. Anti-tumor vaccines (dendritic cell/heat shock), checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric T-cell receptors, and virotherapy all have been preliminarily trialed in glioblastoma patients with reasonable success and safety. Although there are certainly limitations due to autoimmune reactions and immune escape, immunotherapeutics hold much promise in the future treatment paradigms for malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emaad Khansur
- a School of Medicine , University of Mississippi , Jackson , MS , USA
| | - Ashish H Shah
- b Department of Neurosurgery , University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Kyle Lacy
- c Department of Hematology/Oncology , University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Ricardo J Komotar
- b Department of Neurosurgery , University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital , Miami , FL , USA
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28
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Boussiotis VA, Charest A. Immunotherapies for malignant glioma. Oncogene 2018; 37:1121-1141. [PMID: 29242608 PMCID: PMC5828703 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant primary brain cancer with a dreadful overall survival and for which treatment options are limited. Recent breakthroughs in novel immune-related treatment strategies for cancer have spurred interests in usurping the power of the patient's immune system to recognize and eliminate GBM. Here, we discuss the unique properties of GBM's tumor microenvironment, the effects of GBM standard on care therapy on tumor-associated immune cells, and review several approaches aimed at therapeutically targeting the immune system for GBM treatment. We believe that a comprehensive understanding of the intricate micro-environmental landscape of GBM will abound into the development of novel immunotherapy strategies for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alain Charest
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Genetics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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29
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Khansur EM, Shah AH, Lacy K, Kuchakulla M, Komotar RJ. Novel Immunotherapeutics for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: The Last Decade of Research. Cureus 2018; 10:e2130. [PMID: 29692957 PMCID: PMC5910011 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite surgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiation, survival for glioblastoma remains poor. Because of the dismal prognosis, attention has shifted to alternative adjuvant treatment modalities. Although traditionally limited to systemic malignancies (melanoma, lung and colon cancer), the field of immunotherapy has recently identified glioblastoma as a potential target for new treatments. Anti-tumor vaccines (dendritic cell/heat shock), checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric T-cell receptors, and virotherapy all have been preliminarily trialed in glioblastoma patients with reasonable success and safety. Although there are limitations due to autoimmune reactions and immune escape, immunotherapeutics hold much promise in the future treatment paradigms for malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emaad M Khansur
- School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | - Ashish H Shah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Kyle Lacy
- School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | - Manish Kuchakulla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
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30
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Yeo AT, Charest A. Immune Checkpoint Blockade Biology in Mouse Models of Glioblastoma. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2516-2527. [PMID: 28230277 PMCID: PMC5783695 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant primary brain cancer that is associated with abysmal prognosis. The median survival of GBM patients is ∼15 months and there have not been any significant advance in therapies in over a decade, leaving treatment options limited. There is clearly an unmet need for GBM treatment. Immunotherapies are treatments based on usurping the power of the host's immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. They have recently proven to be a successful strategy for combating a variety of cancers. Of the various types of immunotherapies, checkpoint blockade approaches have thus far produced significant clinical responses in several cancers including melanoma, non small-cell lung cancer, renal cancer, and prostate cancer. This review focuses on the biological rationale for using checkpoint blockade immunotherapeutic approaches in primary brain cancer and an up-to-date summary of current and ongoing checkpoint inhibitors-based clinical trials for malignant glioma. In addition, we expand on new concepts for further improving checkpoint blockade treatments, with a particular focus on the advantages of using genetically engineered mouse models for studies of immunotherapies in GBM. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2516-2527, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan T. Yeo
- Sackler School of Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02111
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave. Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Al Charest
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave. Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave. Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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31
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Dendritic cells in autoimmunity, infections, and cancer. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:97-98. [PMID: 28093619 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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